@old europe,
Canada has very loose environmental law - mostly determined at the provincial level. It is a large importer with respect to the rest of the world, but enjoys a huge trade surplus with the United States that more than pays for that trade deficit, making them a large net exporter and paying for their public benefits. Most of the exports to the United States are from various extraction industries; timber, mined minerals and tar sands petroleum.
A very large fraction of that is in effect subsidized by environmental restrictions in the U.S. - particularly on timber, minerals, and until recent new innovations, petroleum. ( our misguided EPA literally shut down timber production in the northwest a decade ago, supposedly to save the "spoted owl" from extinction - since then the population of that species has continued its decline, apparently because it is being out competed in its environment from the nearly indistinguishable brown owl - evidently natrural selection continues)
In the last few years, armed with directional horizontal drilling and better geological mapping of shale formations, our gas and petroleum production has soared. That and the resulting lower world price has badly hurt Canadian tar sands oil exports, but I understand they are planning a pipeline from Alberta to the Pacific coast to serve the China market. They can surviuve with a petroleum price of about $45/barrel or better - a close thing now.
U.S. hospitals in the northern states do a very good business serving Canadians with serious diseases waiting, and waiting for access to specialists. I understand the quality of Canadian health care is good, but the fact is their economies mostly result from rationing expensive care to the sick and old (minimal effect on life expectancy) , and nationalizing the purchase of drugs and medicines, and thereby taking a free ride on the profits required to sustain reasearch into new treatments.
I prefer a free market, but I have no interest in telling the Canadians how they should manage their affairs, and would hesitate to do so.