If one reads history of science textbooks prior to about 1980, one will find very little mention of Muslim “contributions” to physics and astronomy. This is reasonable, because there weren’t any. In the past generation, however, political correctness has dictated that Muslims be given credit for discoveries they did not make.
Certainly, the Muslims were a conduit for the discoveries of others. The word “algebra” is indeed derived from an Arabic word. The books of Archimedes and Ptolemy used by Galileo and Copernicus were indeed translations into Latin from the Arabic. But let us never forget that Archimedes and Ptolemy wrote their books in Greek, not Arabic. They were Greeks, not Muslims.
Most of the names for the brightest stars are of Arabic origin, because the names of these stars given in Ptolemy’s textbook were never translated from the Arabic. But do you think that the Arabs were the first humans to observe Rigel and Betelguese, the first and second brightest stars in Orion?
The reason Muslims never developed fundamental physics is because the leading Muslim theologians declared the idea of fixed physical laws to be heretical. The Qur’an (verse 6:64) states: “The Jews have said, ‘God’s hand is fettered.’ Fettered are their hands, and they are cursed for what they have said. Nay, but His hands are outspread; He expends how He will.” The standard Muslim interpretation of this passage has been that there cannot be unchanging physical laws because Allah may change the laws at any moment. In 1982, the Institute for Policy Studies in Islamabad, Pakistan, criticized a chemistry textbook by saying: “There is latent poison present in the subheading Energy Causes Changes because it gives the impression that energy is the true cause rather than Allah. Similarly it is unIslamic to teach that mixing hydrogen and oxygen automatically produces water. The Islamic way is this: when atoms of hydrogen approach atoms of oxygen, then by the Will of Allah water is produced.” The implication is clear: next week, Allah may change his mind about water being a compound of hydrogen and oxygen. With this sort of worldview, how could one possibly be a scientist?
Gaza bloodshed deepens as airlines shun Israel
Reuters By By Nidal al-Mughrabi and Crispian Balmer
1 hour ago
By Nidal al-Mughrabi and Crispian Balmer
GAZA/JERUSALEM (Reuters) - Gaza fighting raged on Wednesday, displacing thousands more Palestinians in the battered territory as U.S. Secretary of State John Kerry said efforts to secure a truce between Israel and Hamas had made some progress.
In a blow to Israel's economy and image, American aviation authorities extended a ban on U.S. flights to Tel Aviv for a second day, spooked by rocket salvoes out of the Gaza Strip, with many other global airlines also avoiding the Jewish state.
Adding to the pressure on Israel, U.N. High Commissioner for Human Rights Navi Pillay said there was "a strong possibility" that it was committing war crimes in Gaza, where 687 Palestinians, mostly civilians, have died in the fighting.
Unfortunately, the UN has very little influence on Israel with US backing of these war crimes.
0 Replies
buttflake
-1
Wed 23 Jul, 2014 02:02 pm
@RABEL222,
Quote:
And his accuracy is amazing for an English gent.
You seemed to have jumped on that pretty quick. Do you always find agreeing with people easier in your busy life? Tell me exactly why your opinion and its lack of originality should impress anyone?
0 Replies
Foofie
1
Wed 23 Jul, 2014 02:30 pm
@RABEL222,
RABEL222 wrote:
And his accuracy is amazing for an English gent.
America is victorious! Blokes acquire American lower class vernacular!
I think that's the first mention of George save for the title.
0 Replies
cicerone imposter
1
Wed 23 Jul, 2014 09:40 pm
Quote:
"Let's agree first on the demands and on implementing them and then we can agree on the zero hour for a ceasefire ... We will not accept any proposal that does not lift the blockade ... We do not desire war and we do not want it to continue but we will not be broken by it,” Meshaal said on Wednesday.
Israel has signaled it prefers to press on with its ground troops offensive to find and destroy Hamas's rocket stores and wipe out a vast network of tunnels Israel sees as having been built for the purpose of infiltrating its territory.
The Israeli ground operation in Gaza extended on Monday, as international calls for a cease-fire mounted and the death toll continued to increase. While Israel lost several soldiers in the last day, the number of those killed during the latest iteration of the war between Hamas and Israel has been disproportionate, with the vast majority of the dead being both Palestinian and civilian.
The United Nations Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Assistance (OCHA) publishes a daily snapshot of the crisis, pulling together the numbers from health officials in Gaza and reports from the various humanitarian organizations in the field. In their last report, which covered from July 19 -20, they noted that 3,008 Palestinians had been injured in the course of the fighting, “904 of whom are children and 533 women.” And at the time the report was published on Sunday, the number of those killed was 395: 375 on the Palestinian side “including 270 civilians, of whom 83 are children and 36 women” and 20 Israelis “including two civilians and 18 soldiers.”
But given the fast-pace of the situation on the ground, the reported number of deaths in the media frequently outpaces those in the official report. Health Ministry officials in Gaza raised the number of Palestinians killed in the two-weeks of fighting to 537 on Monday, a leap of more than 100 in the past day. At this point in the crisis, the United Nations says, 43 percent of Gaza is now “affected by evacuation warnings” or declared a “no-go area” and the number of civilians seeking shelter in UN-run schools shot up by 400 percent in teh last four days.
Several factors — including the advanced weaponry at Israel’s disposal, the concentrated population in Gaza, and the inability of Palestinians to flee far enough to be removed from danger — account for the disparity in the death tolls between the two sides. Even with those explanations, though, observers including Secretary of State John Kerry have scratched their heads about the high civilian tolls. Kerry was caught on-mic criticizing the Israeli operation’s rapidly rising casualty count, saying “It’s a hell of a pinpoint operation, it’s a hell of a pinpoint operation.”
For some, the numbers of dead are suspect. “For Operation Protective Edge, the only data published so far comes from the health ministry in Gaza,” the Times of Israel’s diplomatic correspondent Raphael Ahren wrote, citing the Israeli Defense Forces’ spokesperson as saying the ministry is run by Hamas, therefore rendering the number of casualties and injuries it reports more than unreliable. “And yet, the figures from the Gazan ministry are routinely adopted, unquestioned, by the United Nations,” Ahren wrote.
The truth, however, is more complex than how the Times of Israel lays it out. The numbers the United Nations provides do come at least partially from the Gaza Health Ministry. But UNOCHA is composed of several humanitarian agencies working together in what are called “clusters” — groupings according to the function each organization serves. According to a footnote on the death toll in OCHA’s report, data “on fatalities and destruction of property is consolidated by the Protection and Shelter clusters based on preliminary information, and is subject to change based on further verifications.” Those clusters in Gaza include the Norwegian Refugee Council and UN’s Office of the High Commissioner for Human Rights.
As for the Gaza Health Ministry itself, it is incorrect to say that is “Hamas-run.” Earlier this year, Hamas and the more moderate Fatah party reconciled after years of outright civil war, forming a “unity government” composed of technocrats instead of politicians. While for years Hamas did run the Health Ministry in the Gaza Strip, with the formation of the new government the West Bank’s Health Minister Jawad Awad took over for both portions of Palestinian territory. Unfortunately, Gazans aren’t exactly fans of their Health Minister. Last week, Awad entered Gaza through the border crossing with Egypt, where he was met with protesters throwing eggs and shoes at his car, according to the Maan newservice.
As the violence continues to rage on in the region, the international community has been vocal in the need for a halt in the conflict. Both sides have been called out for potential human rights violations. “Parties to conflict have responsibilities under international humanitarian law,” UNOCHA chief Valerie Amos said in a statement last week. “They must take precautions to protect civilians and must distinguish between civilian and military targets. This is the third major military confrontation in Gaza in six years, and civilians have borne the brunt each time. They are paying the price for a collective failure to break the cycle of violence and reach a lasting political solution.”
The international community is continuing to rally to press the sides for a lasting ceasefire. After an emergency meeting on Sunday night, the United Nations Security Council issued a call for an immediate ceasefire, though the call took the form of “elements to the press” rather than a binding resolution or statement issued under the name of the Council’s president. So far several short-term halts have come and gone, including several to allow humanitarian aid pass into Gaza. Secretary Kerry arrived in Cairo on Monday to help negoatiate the terms of a deal, but so far the Israeli government seems content to continue to expand the operation, originally determined only to destroy the network of tunnels that reach from Gaza into Israel, while Hamas seems more than happy to continue to launch rockets deep into Israeli territory.