The db loss isn't relative to what your hearing was -- it's just the current audiogram.
Here, I found a sample audiogram for ya:
"Frequency in Hertz" refers to high or low tones. To the left is low (250 hertz is very low), to the right is high (8000 hertz is very high).
"Intensity in Decibels" refers to how loud the sound is. Softer sounds are up (1 decibel is very soft), louder sounds are down (100 decibels is very loud.)
The yellow thing is the "speech banana" that I referred to before -- it is where most usable speech sounds are. More on that in a minute.
The person whose hearing is being charted on this audiogram has different losses in her (we'll say) two ears. One ear, we'll say the left, is represented by the blue x, and can process low tones quite well, (low frequencies), but the high tones drop way down.
In other words, a very low tone that is relatively quiet -- only about 7 decibels -- can be heard. But a high tone that is quite loud -- 80 decibels -- can't be heard.
This kind of variation happens fairly often, especially in terms of hearing low tones but not high tones.
For what we will call the right ear, represented by the red circle, the sounds that are being effectively processed are different. There is less variation, hovering around 60-80 decibels no matter what the tone is. (Again, that means that the first time a sound can be processed it needs to be 60-80 decibels, or quite loud.)
Back to the speech banana: Most of the sounds that separate language into comprehensible parts are found in this range. This particular audiogram is cool because it identifies some of the specific sounds -- "M"s are lower, "s"s, "f's" and "th"s are higher. (I remember having a terrible time hearing my own "s"s at the beginning of my hearing loss.)
The thing about the speech banana is that even while a a 30-40 db loss isn't bad -- it's a fair amount of hearing -- it puts you right smack dab in the area where it's hard to get enough info to make spoken language comprehensible. That's where hearing aids can be enormously useful, even if the db loss isn't that bad.
Hope that helps a bit! :-) Let me know if anything isn't clear (I know it's confusing.)