From Wikipedia (definition for republican):
Republican Party (United States)
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This article is about the modern United States Republican Party. For more detailed history and bibliography see History of the United States Republican Party. For the earlier Republican Party which flourished 1790s-1820s, see Democratic-Republican Party (United States).
Republican Party
Party Chairman Ken Mehlman
Senate Leader Bill Frist
House Leader Dennis Hastert
John Boehner
Founded February 28, 1854
Headquarters 310 First Street SE
Washington, D.C.
20003
http://www.gop.com
1Red was assigned as party's color in the 2000 U.S. Presidential election by the U.S. media [1] Previously, there was no color used universally to represent the Republican party, although blue was used occasionally.
The Republican Party (also known as the "GOP", for "Grand Old Party") is one of the two major political parties in the United States' two-party system next to the Democratic Party. Presently, it is regarded as the more conservative of the two parties. The current president of the USA, George W. Bush, was nominated by the Republican Party. Although Bush has the most influence on the political course of the party, Ken Mehlman, not Bush, is the chairman of the Republican National Committee (since January 2005). Since 2002, the Republicans control the legislature at the federal level with a majority in the Senate and in the House of Representatives. Their symbol is the elephant, and the popular color is red.
The Republican Party was established in 1854 by a coalition of former Whigs, Northern Democrats, and Free-Soilers who opposed the expansion of slavery and held a Hamiltonian vision for modernizing the United States. The party initially had its base in the Northeast and northern Midwest, but that has shifted to the inland West, and since 1980, the South. In the modern political era,
the Republican Party has been the more socially conservative and economically libertarian of the two major parties. Eighteen of the twenty-seven U.S. Presidents since 1861 have been Republicans, including President George W. Bush. It holds 28 out of 50 governorships (including the four largest states), and is tied with Democrats in the number of state legislatures it controls.