@revelette1,
We've just picked him up from the vets. It went well, but he's a very old cat, if it is aggressive cancer we may be talking palliative care, but he seems very good. Went straight to his feeding bowl when he got back.
The difference between the Commons and Lords is that the Commons is elected and democratic while the Lords are appointed like your supreme court. It used to be that all hereditary peers could sit, but Tony Blair brought in some reforms meaning only some hereditary peers could sit and they had to be voted by other hereditary peers so there is a small element of democracy.
It's quite good in that it means those hereditary peers who do sit are actually interested in politics. The rest are life peers, they are given the title Lord or Lady but it can't be passed on, it goes when they die. Life peers tend to be retired MPs, or people who have done great good. New ones are appointed every year.
It does mean the Commons has primacy. The commons drafts the law, the Lords then looks at it and adds possible amendments, it then goes back to the Commons for a second reading and if passed it becomes law.
The Queen, like your president is head of state. The prime minister is the leader of the biggest party in the Commons, a bit like if instead of having a president with executive powers you gave it all to the Speaker and the speaker acted as president.