@neologist,
Quote:I think we all have an inborn conscience. I could be wrong, but I think the scriptures also agree.
No we don't have "an inborn conscience". We are born with the capacity to develop a conscience, or a super-ego, but the things that comprise that conscience, the things we feel guilt about, are learned. We are socialized to feel guilt over certain actions.
I suggest you don't look solely to the scriptures to understand the process of human development, particularly the development of morality. There is an entire area of child/developmental psychology devoted to studying and understanding the topic of moral development in children.
Right now I'm in the process of raising a recently acquired puppy. A good deal of what I'm doing is teaching him what behaviors are acceptable and which are not--I'm socializing him to live in my environment. I want him to eventually inhibit certain behaviors, like peeing on the rug, or chewing on the furniture, even when I'm not present--I want him to be able to control himself by some inner "conscience", and I do believe dogs acquire such internal controls. Ever see a dog slink away in shame when their misdeed has been discovered, or an owner says, "What did you do?" That's not just fear of punishment, because I've never punished any of my dogs. They react to the disapproval, they know they've violated a boundary.
It's certainly more complex to raise a human than a puppy, but the same basic learning principles apply to both when it comes to teaching them what is acceptable and what is not, what is wrong and what is right--the message, along with various rewards or punishments for certain behaviors, is transmitted by the caretakers. That's how socialization takes place. That's how guilt is learned.