@Cyracuz,
Cyracuz wrote:
Quote:We have taken high resolution images of the cosmic microwave background radiation.
We see all these things and phenomena when we look into space. Many scientists like to believe that it doesn't matter that we see them from here. The background we have of understanding what we see is previous observations and the conceptualizations and ideas
we have made from them. When we say "there is cosmic microwave background radiation", what we are really saying is that "we are observing something that
can be understood as background radiation. If our understanding of some related phenomena changes, it might change how we understand this as well.
Science uncovers facts. But we then have to apply our creativity and imagination to relate those facts together and form theories.
If a fundamental axiom of our science turns out to be wrong, it would mean that a lot of what we know would become untrue, while the facts we derived that knowledge from remained unchanged.
Agreed.
One thing we have been able to work out using this data, is the type of universe we live in. We have determined that we live in a flat universe. It is rather complex the way it is worked out. There are three possible types of universes. Closed, open or flat. The way to determine it can be done by drawing a triangle onto the surface and measuring the triangles angles.
Here is an example. If we draw a large enough triangle on the surface of the earth. Say using the equator and the north pole for it's points what happens is a triangle that has angles that add up to 270 rather than a flat triangle which adds up to 180.
So if the universe is curved then we draw a large enough triangle if the angles add up to more than 180 then we know we live in a open universe. If they are less than 180 then we know we live in a closed universe. If the angles add up perfectly to 180 then we live in a flat universe.
Now the problem becomes drawing a large enough triangle on the universe. What physicists did was use the last scattering field (this is the furthest we can see) It is essentially the furthest point we can see because there was a time when the universe was opaque due to the plasma fog left over from the big bang. We have worked out his distance, so that means we know the length of one of the sides to our triangle.
The next step was to measure the size of the lumps. When you examine the microwave background image the color variations are the size of the clumps that globed together to form pockets of gas, dust, atoms, ect. Here is the problem. Gravity can not work faster than the speed of light therefore there is a limit to how big these lumps can be however; the size of these lumps varies in an open, closed or flat universe. So if we can work out the average size of these lumps we can get another side of our triangle.
We have worked out the average size of these lumps to be 1 degree. We now have all three lengths of our triangle and can work out the sum of the angles. As it turns out the sum of the angles equals exactly 180. This means we live in a flat universe.
But so what? What does it mean to say we live in a flat universe. It means that essentially the total energy of empty space is zero. It means that there was no energy required to make the big bang happen. It also means that there is no energy required in the expansion of the space and nothing which can slow down the expansion rate. The expansion rate will continue to increase.
The biggest and most interesting finding is the fact that the big bang would require no energy input to occur. It means you can get a universe from nothing. This is why the microwave background data is so remarkable.