@msolga,
msolga wrote:Is there a precedent to the situation that the US finds itself in at the moment?
Not really. Off the top of my head, the closest thing to a precedent was the Iranian hostage crisis of 1979---with Carter in the role of Obama, the hostage-taking Mullahs in the role of the Tea Party, and the hostages in the role of the American people. Of course, that's more of an analogy than a precedent.
msolga wrote:Is it unusual for US governments to raise the debt ceiling?
No, so far Congress has always treated it as a formality. At most, members of the opposition have often voted "no" as a means of political posturing, Senator Obama having been one of them in 2006. But that's it. Congress has never
failed to raise the debt ceiling once it had approved the budget.
msolga wrote:If not, how often has the debt ceiling been raised in past recent history? And in what sorts of circumstances?
Dozens of times. CNN, in
the first Google hit for the search phrase "how often has the debt ceiling been raised?", counts 74 times starting in 1962. That sounds about right to me.