brandon
Quote:I said that something is not a lie if the speaker believes it to be true. This is simply the most reasonable definition of a lie
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blatham
Quote:How might you or anyone know that the speaker believes his statement to be true?
brandon
Quote:I'm not an expert, but it seems to me that there would be a number of ways. If, for instance, someone said that he didn't go to a meeting, but other witnesses attest that he did, that would be strong evidence of a lie. Another example would be if someone said that a = b, but it can be shown that it had already been proven to him that a does not equal b. Whether I can list every method of doing this is irrelevant. A person cannot be said to be lying who believes that he is telling the truth, yet proving perjury, libel, slander, or informal lying to a sufficient degree of confidence does not require mind reading.
You are correct to argue that if someone believes he isn't lying, then we can't really refer to what he's done as a lie. The term presupposes intent to deceive.
But as their is no way to establish intent with certainty, we have to accept the limitation of reliance on inference from behaviors, past things said or done, contradictions, etc.
All of which makes the "we don't know he didn't believe what he was saying" criterion quite useless.
So, Bush says, at a particular point in time, "There are no war plans on my desk" and yet we also have solid evidence (in the form of statements by dozens of administration, military, intelligence and investigative individuals) that he had ordered up war plans many months earlier, then it seems rather reasonable to conclude that the inference Bush was trying to deceive is far more reasonable than inferring he was speaking truthfully.