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THE US, THE UN AND IRAQ, TENTH THREAD.

 
 
parados
 
  1  
Reply Tue 9 Jan, 2007 06:46 pm
Quote:
These are valid questions. There is nothing crass about asking them.

We have three valid questions:
(1) What is the total cost--human and money--of failure in Iraq?
(2) What is the total cost--human and money--of obtaining success in Iraq?
(3) Do we possess the resources--human and money--required to obtain success in Iraq?


If only this administration had asked those questions before the invasion and honestly looked for answers. If they had, we probably wouldn't be asking them now.
0 Replies
 
Cycloptichorn
 
  1  
Reply Tue 9 Jan, 2007 06:50 pm
Sorry, I'm a member of the Democratic party, and Soros doesn't own me. I've never even met the guy, how can I be a slave of his?

The Dems are standing up against escalating the Iraq war because it is the right thing to do. The war was a mistake; those such as yourself who have supported it were wrong and continue to be wrong. The Dems who voted for the war were wrong also. Continuing to make the same sorts of errors over and over is foolishness, so the best course of action is to attempt something different. Sending a couple dozen thousand more troops isn't a difference.

You, and those who think like you, still have no clue how you messed this up so bad! And when people try to point it out, you call them anti-American for doing so. Hell with that.

I predict that the 'surge' will not save either Iraq nor Bush. I predict that the 2007 year will only see things get worse in Iraq. I'm not happy to make these predicitons but I feel that there is an overwhelming amount of evidence that they will come true, so there's no other choice except to hide from reality and keep insisting that everything will work out in the end; and I'm no Republican.

Cycloptichorn
0 Replies
 
ican711nm
 
  1  
Reply Tue 9 Jan, 2007 07:46 pm
parados wrote:
Quote:
These are valid questions. There is nothing crass about asking them.

We have three valid questions:
(1) What is the total cost--human and money--of failure in Iraq?
(2) What is the total cost--human and money--of obtaining success in Iraq?
(3) Do we possess the resources--human and money--required to obtain success in Iraq?


If only this administration had asked those questions before the invasion and honestly looked for answers. If they had, we probably wouldn't be asking them now.

The Bush administration did ask these questions. The Bush administration did answer these questions to its satisfaction.

They repeatedly stated that the total cost of failure was intolerably high. They repeatedly described what they thought this cost would be.

They repeatedly stated that the total cost of success was tolerable. They repeatedly described what they thought this cost would be.

They repeatedly stated that we did possess the required resources to succeed. They repeatedly described what the required resources would be.

The fundamental question is not did they ask and answer these questions. Of course they did. The fundamental question is whether they answered these questions correctly or incorrectly.

I think they asked and answered question (1) correctly.

I think their failure was to choose an unworkable strategy inconsistent with the costs and resources they had estimated, instead of selecting a strategy consistent with how we won wars in the 20th century.
0 Replies
 
ican711nm
 
  1  
Reply Tue 9 Jan, 2007 08:05 pm
Cycloptichorn wrote:
Sorry, I'm a member of the Democratic party, and Soros doesn't own me. I've never even met the guy, how can I be a slave of his?

Soros claims to own the principal resources of the Democratic Party and its principal leadership. Are you a principal resource of the Democratic Party? I think not. Are you a member of the principal leadership of the Democratic Party? I think not. What control of the Democratic Party can you exert between elections? Send an e-mail? Rolling Eyes
...

I predict that the 'surge' will not save either Iraq nor Bush. I predict that the 2007 year will only see things get worse in Iraq. I'm not happy to make these predicitons but I feel that there is an overwhelming amount of evidence that they will come true, so there's no other choice except to hide from reality and keep insisting that everything will work out in the end; and I'm no Republican.

Maybe you are right! Then again maybe you are wrong. And, I'm neither a Democrat or a Republican. However, I am convinced that failure to save Iraq will prove to be a disaster for Americans as well as Iraqis.

Will Bush's legacy be saved? That's really not a critical issue!


Cycloptichorn
0 Replies
 
revel
 
  1  
Reply Wed 10 Jan, 2007 08:05 am
http://www.dawn.com/2007/01/10/top14.htm

Quote:


Baghdad street becomes new Fallujah

Quote:
US and Iraqi troops, backed by American F-15 jet fighters and Apache attack helicopters, fought suspected insurgents for at least 12 hours in one of Baghdad's most dangerous neighbourhoods in what may be a preview of expanded US operations in Iraq.
US and Iraqi officials said the assault on the Haifa Street neighbourhood rooted out an insurgent cell that controlled the area, but residents from the predominantly Sunni Muslim area and Sunni leaders said the American forces had been duped by Iraq's Shia-dominated security forces into participating in a plan to drive Sunnis from the area.

On the eve of President George W. Bush's announcement of a new war plan for Iraq, the conflicting versions underscored the difficulty US troops have in protecting civilians in this sprawling capital where Shiites and Sunnis are waging pitched battles for control of the neighbourhoods.

In the past several months, Shia militias have pushed into Sunni neighbourhoods, threatening residents with death if they don't leave. Sunni residents have responded by arming themselves and welcoming protection from Iraq's insurgents.

With Mr Bush expected to order additional troops to Baghdad in coming weeks, Sunni leaders have worried that US troops will end up helping the Shiites push them from their neighbourhoods.

US officials said Tuesday's operation wasn't aimed at any religious sect, but at insurgents who've controlled Haifa Street for months.

"It's an area that needed to be brought back under Iraqi security control," said Lieutenant Colonel Scott Bleichwehl, a US military spokesman. "There is a progression of missions that are ongoing. It's not against any particular group or militia. Most of it is driven by the Iraqi government."

Ali al-Dabaggh, a spokesman for Iraqi Prime Minister Nouri al-Maliki, said the assault was part of a government effort to reassert its authority in an area where insurgents had taken refuge with remnants of Saddam Hussein's Baath Party.

"This area must be cleansed," he said at a joint news conference with Rear Admiral Mark Fox, a US military spokesman. "God willing, Haifa Street will not threaten Baghdad security anymore."

Mr Al-Dabaggh said former Baathists in the area "provided safe haven and logistics for" terrorist groups trying to destabilise Iraq.

Rear Admiral Fox said the US military would support the Iraqi security forces. "Anyone who conducts activities outside the rule of law will be subject to the consequences," he said.

Nearly 1000 US and Iraqi soldiers participated in Tuesday's fighting. Fifty suspected insurgents were killed and 21 were arrested, the Iraqi Ministry of Defence said. Three of those arrested were Syrian, the ministry said.

Planes and helicopters circled over the bullet-scarred buildings during the fighting, and gunfire and explosions echoed throughout central Baghdad.

Many Baghdad residents refer to Haifa Street as the capital's "Fallujah," a reference to the Sunni city in Anbar province that became a haven for al-Qa'ida in Iraq until US Marines retook it in a bloody assault in October 2005.

The street was handed over to Iraqi forces in February of last year in an effort to slowly place the capital under Iraqi control and pave the way for an American exit. But in the past few months the area became wracked by violence, and it remains one of the most heavily contested neighbourhoods in the capital's sectarian battle. Nearly every day, bodies bearing signs of torture are found discarded along Haifa Street.

Sunni residents said the fighting in their neighbourhood began Saturday with clashes between Sunnis and Shiites soon after the Association of Muslim Scholars, the most influential Sunni group in Iraq, warned that militias would cleanse Baghdad of Sunnis in the coming days.

On Monday, the residents said, gunmen from the Mahdi Army militia of radical Shia cleric Moqtada al-Sadr pushed into the area, but were beaten back by armed Sunni residents protecting their homes.

At dawn on Tuesday, Iraqi troops began to surround the street and adjacent neighbourhoods, and residents said they took up arms to defend themselves against Shia-dominated forces.

But the residents said they soon realised that the troops were backed by Americans as the Iraqi forces blew in doors and raided homes. Gunmen ringed the roofs, residents said, and men were executed in the streets, three behind a Sunni mosque.

With the Iraqi forces being backed by Americans, the residents soon gave up the fight. They laid down their arms, opened their doors and waited, said Abu Mohammed, 47, a university lecturer who lives on Haifa Street. By 6 pm the troops pulled out and the neighbourhood was calm.

"What they wanted to do was hit us back," said Mohammed, who asked not to be further identified for security reasons. "They went to the Americans and told them, `These are terrorists, and you must come with the government to detain them.'

"We are afraid that this quiet is the quiet before the storm," he said.

The Association of Muslim Scholars called the assault "a bloody sectarian massacre."

Muthana Harith al-Thari, a spokesman for the association, went on al-Jazeera television and read the names of 12 men who were killed.

"All of their guilt was that they defended their neighbourhood," he said. "The American president said in 2003, `Mission accomplished.' Now in 2007 he uses jetfighters a few meters from the Green Zone. This is defeat."

The Iraqi Islamic Party, the largest Sunni political organisation in Iraq, also condemned the action.
0 Replies
 
Vinny Z
 
  1  
Reply Wed 10 Jan, 2007 08:34 am
The gangs will own the neighborhood unless the cops clean it out and then put feet on the beat which is true in the Bronx and I am sure is true in Bagdad. I don't see peace and brotherhood in the South Bronx so I am not sure that the USA can bring them to Haifa St, and as for the Iraqis, not gonna happen anytime soon, soon being measured in years.
0 Replies
 
revel
 
  1  
Reply Wed 10 Jan, 2007 08:54 am
It's clear that the Sunnis and the Shiite are not going to give up until one of them is clearly defeated. In that sense clearing out the Sunnis in Baghdad might have the effect of lessoning the violence between the two. But what will we have at end? An Iranian Iraq, meanwhile there is trouble brewing up with Iran. If we go to war with Iran, I wonder how that will play out with the Iraqi government. Or if Israel nukes Iran like rumors suggest, I wonder what effect that will have on all the Middle East. There is also trouble brewing between the Turks and the Kurks which will also put us in a bad position.

Don't anybody see that all this violence just seems to begat more violence rather than ending anything? It's not as though anybody is going to give up as long as they have strength to hide out and hold a gun.

"war what is it good for"
0 Replies
 
Walter Hinteler
 
  1  
Reply Wed 10 Jan, 2007 09:05 am
revel wrote:
It's clear that the Sunnis and the Shiite are not going to give up until one of them is clearly defeated. In that sense clearing out the Sunnis in Baghdad might have the effect of lessoning the violence between the two. But what will we have at end?



I doubt a lot that such will work - or even happen.

Have a look at the religious-geographical situation:


Quote:
The majority of the world's Muslim population follows the Sunni branch of Islam,
and approximately 10-15% of all Muslims follow the Shiite (Shi'ite, Shi'a, Shia)
branch. Shiite populations constitute a majority in Iran, Iraq, Bahrain, and Azerbaijan.
There are also significant Shiite populations in Afghanistan, Kuwait, Lebanon, Pakistan,
Saudi Arabia, Syria, and Yemen.


http://i18.tinypic.com/43f55zr.jpg

source: CRS Report for Congress, link given above
0 Replies
 
xingu
 
  1  
Reply Wed 10 Jan, 2007 10:54 am
Quote:
Ex-CIA analyst says West misunderstands Al-Qaeda

22-year CIA vet says 9/11 commission failed America by not finding anyone responsible

Tuesday, January 09, 2007
RFE/RL

Michael Scheuer is a 22-year veteran of the U.S. Central Intelligence Agency (CIA), where for six years he was in charge of the search for Al-Qaeda leader Osama bin Laden. While in the CIA, Scheuer anonymously authored two books critical of how Western governments were waging the "war on terror." He resigned in 2004 and is now a terrorism analyst for CBS News. RFE/RL correspondent Heather Maher asked him to assess the fight against Al-Qaeda.

RFE/RL: For several years you were the head of the CIA unit charged with capturing Osama bin Laden. How do you judge current efforts to find him?

Michael Scheuer: I think the current efforts to capture Osama bin Laden are probably the best we can make -- but in a situation where it's almost impossible to expect success. Bin Laden lives in an area that has the most difficult topography on earth. He lives among a population that is very loyal to him, as a hero in the Islamic world.

But I think most importantly, American forces there and NATO forces are more engaged on a day-to-day basis trying to make sure [that Afghan] President [Hamid] Karzai's government survives than they are in chasing Osama bin Laden. The tide has really turned against us in Afghanistan, and it seems to me very unreasonable to expect to capture or kill Osama bin Laden in the foreseeable future.

RFE/RL: Yet for years, U.S. President George W. Bush has characterized bin Laden's capture as an important victory in the war on terror.

Scheuer: Well, he is certainly the symbol of a war, a war that really had very little to do with terrorism. American political leaders on both sides of the aisle have really not come to grips yet, five years later, with what this war is about. They continue to say that bin Laden and Al-Qaeda and its allies are focused on destroying America and its democracy, its freedom, [its] gender equality. And really this war has very, very little to do with any of that. It has to do with what the West and the United States do in the Islamic world.

And so because of our misunderstanding of the enemy's motivation and his intent, we have greatly underestimated the difficulty of attacking him and destroying him before we get attacked again.

RFE/RL: It sounds like you think the Bush administration is making some serious mistakes in how they are waging the war on terror and the hunt for Al-Qaeda figures like bin Laden.

Scheuer: Well, I think the whole war effort so far has been a mistake, in the sense that we're slowly becoming [like] Israel, in that the only options we have open to ourselves are military and intelligence operations.

Bin Laden has never been focused at all on Western civilization, as such. His ability to rally Muslims to his side is dependent almost solely on the perception in the Islamic world that Western foreign policy is an attack on Islam and the followers of Islam.

RFE/RL: Has the United States created more of a target with its invasion of Iraq?

Scheuer: Certainly we have, and not intentionally. I'm not one that thinks that we have leaders who are eager for this war.

But we just don't have leaders with the courage to stand up and understand that it's our presence more than anything else in the Islamic world that motivates the enemy, and Iraq was really a turning point in the war on Al-Qaeda and its allies.

I'm not at all an expert on Iraq or whatever threat was posed by [former Iraqi President] Saddam Hussein. But the sad reality of it is that the invasion of Iraq turned Al-Qaeda and Osama bin Laden from a man and an organization into a philosophy and a movement. And now we're faced with an Islamic militancy around the world that is far greater than it was on [September 11, 2001,] and almost certainly durable enough to sustain an eventual loss of Osama bin Laden or Ayman al-Zawahiri.

RFE/RL: Do you foresee more attacks on the United States or in the West on the scale of the September 11, 2001, terrorist attacks in New York and Washington?

Scheuer:
Oh, I think greater than 9/11. I don't think it will happen in Europe, but I do think it will happen in the United States. Bin Laden has been very clear that each of Al-Qaeda's attacks on America will be greater than the last, and I think the only reason we haven't seen an attack so far is that he doesn't have that attack prepared. But when he does, he will use it. And try to get us out of the way, which of course is his main goal.

America is not his main enemy. His main enemies are the Al-Saud family in Saudi Arabia, the Mubarak regime in Egypt, and Israel.

RFE/RL: Explain a bit about what you mean by that.

Scheuer:
The primary goal of Al-Qaeda and the movement it has tried to inspire around the world has been to create Islamic governments in the Islamic world that govern according to their religion. And bin Laden's view on this is that those governments -- the government of Egypt, the government of Saudi Arabia, the government of Jordan, Algeria, right down the line -- only survive because the United States protects them, and Europe protects them. Either with money, diplomatic and political support, or military protection.

And bin Laden's goal has been to simply hurt the United States enough to force us to look at home, to take care of things here, and thereby prevent us from supporting those governments, which he -- and I think the vast majority of Muslims -- regard as oppressive police states.

Once America is removed from that sort of support, Al-Qaeda intends to focus on removing those governments, eliminating Israel, and the third step, further down the road: settling scores with what the Sunni world regards as heretics in the Shi'ite part of the Islamic world. So his vision for the world, and the vision they're pursuing, is a very clear and orderly one, at least from their perspective.

RFE/RL: Tell me about the book you're working on, it's called "From Pandora's Box: America And Militant Islam After Iraq." What does that title mean?

Scheuer:
Well, the Bush administration, the media, [and] the Democrats have talked a lot about the unintended consequences of invading Iraq. And the book is basically an effort to say: yes, there have been unintended consequences -- but they weren't unpredictable consequences.

What I'm trying to describe in the book is that we just have a simple failure here to understand our enemy and the world we deal with.

RFE/RL: And the use of the phrase "after Iraq" refers to a time when the United States is no longer in that country?

Scheuer:
The book is written because I think we're defeated in Iraq. I think we're simply looking for a way to be graceful about the exit, but it's going to be very clear to our opponents in the Islamic world that they've defeated the second superpower.

They defeated the Soviet Union in Afghanistan; they've defeated us in Iraq; and it looks very likely that they'll defeat us in Afghanistan. And so Iraq, for all intents and purposes, as far as our enemies are concerned, is over.

RFE/RL: What do you see as Pakistan's role? Obviously President Pervez Musharraf is seen as an ally of the West and someone whom Bush keeps very close, but a lot of observers say there are many things going on in Pakistan that Musharraf turns a blind eye to.

Scheuer:
One of the great misunderstandings in the United States -- and in Western European governments, and European governments generally, I suppose -- is to believe that every country's national interests are identical with ours. Certainly that's a malady in Washington.

The truth, I think, is America has probably never had a better ally than President Musharraf. What he's done to date in terms of allowing us to expand our presence in Pakistan; permission for overflights of aircraft; his assistance to the CIA, especially, in capturing senior Al-Qaeda members in Pakistani cities; and, for the first time in Pakistan's history, sending the conventional armed forces into the border areas to try to capture some of the Al-Qaeda fighters -- which brought Pakistan to the brink of civil war -- is an astounding record of support for America.

Basically what Musharraf has done -- nothing has been in the interest of Pakistan. And I think he's just simply to the point -- and I think from his perspective, correctly so -- that we've stayed too long in Afghanistan, we haven't accomplished our goal. And he has to begin to look out more for Pakistan's national interests and its survival as a stable political entity.

RFE/RL: I'd like to switch to a different topic in the war on terror. You agree with the practice of rendition, is that right?

Scheuer:
Yes. Well, in a sense, I was the, or one of the authors of the practice, and I think it's been, at least for the United States, the single most productive and positive counterterrorism operation that we have waged, at least in the last 30 years.

RFE/RL: Do you say that because of the quality of information the United States has gotten from people it has taken to third countries for interrogation?

Scheuer:
No. You know that's one of the major misunderstandings of the media. I have been totally ineffective in trying to explain how the program was set up.

The program was set up initially to make sure that we removed people who were a threat to the United States or our allies from the street and had them incarcerated. The second goal was to seize from them at the moment of their arrest whatever paper documents or electronic documents that they had with them, or in their apartment, or in their vehicle, at the time. Those were the two goals. Interrogation was never really an important goal. Primarily because we know that Al-Qaeda's fighters are trained to fabricate information, or to give us a lot of accurate information that turns out to be dated and therefore not useful after it's been investigated.

The reason people were taken elsewhere than the United States was not for interrogation, but because President [Bill] Clinton at the time, along with his national security [aides], Richard Clarke and Sandy Berger, did not want to bring those people to the United States, and directed us -- the CIA -- to take them where they were wanted for illegal action, which turned out to be in Egypt or another Arab country. But the agency itself always preferred to take people into U.S. custody for reasons that were basically institutional protection.

We knew at the end of the day that this would become a very unpopular program because of where these people were taken.

RFE/RL: So the U.S. decision to open secret overseas facilities and keep people for indefinite periods of time -- that was something that developed after you put together the initial rendition program?

Scheuer:
It was. Whatever was involved in those prisons -- that was a Bush administration decision to not put these people into the regular U.S. judicial system.

And the truth of the matter is that for both the Clinton administration and the Bush administration, American law makes it very difficult to put these people into our judicial system because most of the time, they're arrested by foreign governments, and we cannot vouch whether they were roughed up by those foreign governments, whether their documents were tampered with, whether their hard drives or floppy disks were tampered with.

And so what I think we're really seeing here is a lack of willpower on the part of American politicians to find a way to accommodate this process to the American judicial system.

RFE/RL: You decided to end your career at the CIA earlier than you originally planned to. Was it difficult to resign?

Scheuer:
I resigned from the agency with much regret. I had intended to work there for 30 years and then retire, or longer if I could. And I had nothing to complain about regarding the agency. Indeed the agency asked me to stay when I decided to resign.

I resigned because I thought the 9/11 commission had thoroughly failed America by not finding anyone responsible for anything before 9/11. The amount of individual negligence and culpability at the highest levels of the American government was completely whitewashed by the 9/11 commission. And I resigned because I wanted to speak out on those issues.

My feeling since I have left has been that I have not had any influence at all on that particular debate. I think I've had a bit of influence through my books and writings on trying to convince people that the war we're fighting against Al-Qaedaism is a more serious problem than we have imagined to date. And that it has much more to do with religion than anyone in power is willing to talk about. I seem to have an equal number of detractors on the right and on the left, and perhaps that is suggests that I have at least said something that's getting some attention.

RFE/RL: Can I ask what your political affiliation is?

Scheuer: I've been a Republican all my life. I've never voted for a Democrat. I think my father would reach out from the grave if I did and throttle me. But that doesn't have anything to do with American security. I don't think the Bush administration has had a more pointed or eager critic than myself.

Copyright © 2007 Spero

http://www.speroforum.com/site/print.asp?idarticle=7394
0 Replies
 
hamburger
 
  1  
Reply Wed 10 Jan, 2007 10:58 am
SUNNIS CALLED UPON TO HELP THEIR IRAQ BROTHERS
0 Replies
 
ican711nm
 
  1  
Reply Wed 10 Jan, 2007 07:47 pm
George Soros on September 19, 2001, proposing a global war on poverty wrote:
I propose that President Bush introduce and Congress approve a special allocation of SDRs [i.e., Special Drawing Rights] and all the richer members of the IMF [i.e., International Monitary Fund] pledge to donate their SDRs for the alleviation of poverty and other approved objectives.

It will help to alleviate the grievances on which extremism of all kinds feeds.


Lyndon Johnson launched his War on Poverty within the United States in 1964.

Why wasn't Johnson's War on Poverty successful?

Who, if anyone, can now be trusted to reliably direct SDRs to actually help people become self-supporting, rather than help himself fill his own pockets?
0 Replies
 
ican711nm
 
  1  
Reply Thu 11 Jan, 2007 12:46 pm
GYORGY SCHWARTZ alias GEORGE SOROS alias GEORGE WILL SOAR wrote:
My greatest fear is that the Bush Doctrine will succeed--that Bush will crush the terrorists, tame the rogue states of the axis of evil, and usher in a golden age of American supremacy. American supremacy is flawed and bound to fail in the long run.

What I am afraid of is that the pursuit of American supremacy may be successful for a while because the United States in fact employs a dominant position in the world today.

Usually it takes a crisis to prompt a meaningful change in direction.

Gyorgy means it!

Gyorgy is working to transform America into an atheist collective.

The content of the negative response by the Democratic leadership to Bush's speech last night is continuing evidence that Gyorgy owns the Democratic Party. Like Gyorgy, the Democratic leadership want Bush and America to be defeated in Iraq.

If Gyorgy's news media succeeds in persuading more than 50% of Americans to oppose Bush's plan, it will boost our enemy's effort and it will defeat America in Iraq.
0 Replies
 
ican711nm
 
  1  
Reply Thu 11 Jan, 2007 01:02 pm
emphasis added
Quote:
'Our Only Hope'
By BING WEST and ELIOT COHEN
January 8, 2007; Page A17 Wall Street Journal

President Bush has appointed a new Iraq team, including one of our
best counterinsurgency generals, David Petraeus, to take command in
Iraq; he is also about to unveil a new Iraq strategy. The apparent
problem is uncontrolled sectarian violence in Baghdad and the apparent
solution is to send more American soldiers to restore order. The
actual problem is a dysfunctional, sectarian Iraqi political system.
Here at home, the imminent debate between the Congress and the
administration about the number of American forces is a diversion. We
may need more resources, but first we need a strategy.

President Bush faces a difficult strategic choice. First, he can
continue to play defense and send in more troops to undertake tasks
approved by Prime Minister Nouri al-Maliki. The intent is to buy
another year during which a nonsectarian Iraqi government will pull
itself together. It is difficult to see how it will. Alternatively, he
can adopt an offensive strategy with clear benchmarks, strengthening
Iraqi security forces while imprisoning Sunni insurgents and Shiite
death squads. The risk is that Mr. Maliki may refuse to cooperate,
forcing us to walk away. In sum, what lies before the administration
is a final strategic choice, after a series of large and consequential
failures.

The campaign began brilliantly with the swift rush to Baghdad in May
2003. Stripped of their dominance but otherwise untouched by the war,
the Sunnis supported an insurgency led by Saddam loyalists and fueled
by xenophobic religiosity. The American military stubbornly responded
for 18 months with conventional sweeps and raids that fueled
resentment and raised recruits for the insurgents. It was not until
late 2004 that our military seriously began training a new Iraqi army.
That same year, the White House endorsed a counterinsurgency strategy
of "clear, hold and build" inside Sunni cities, despite Secretary of
Defense Donald Rumsfeld's reservations that this thrust American
soldiers into an occupying role without addressing how they would get
out.

For a brief period, it appeared that "clear and hold" was working.
Then, in February 2006, the Sunni extremists destroyed the Shiite
mosque at Samara. This ignited the civil war they had sought to
provoke for three years. As with the initial Sunni insurgency, our
military was caught a second time without a counterstrategy.

Since the summer of 2006 we have fought a full-fledged, two-front war,
waging one against the Sunni insurgents north and particularly west of
Baghdad, and the other in Baghdad, where both Sunni and Shiite killers
murdered the innocents. The Sunni tool was the massive car bomb. The
Shiite militias were more systematic, employing death squads in a
slow, methodical ethnic cleansing of neighborhoods.

The war seesaws back and forth. Unlike in Vietnam, these enemies do
not dare to fight even small American military units. Our casualties
come from roadside bombs and sniper attacks. In Anbar province, where
the fighting is heaviest, our Marines are having unappreciated success
in splitting local tribes from al Qaeda in Iraq. The under-strength
Iraqi Army has performed well, despite grossly inadequate support from
Mr. Maliki's government. The Iraqi police in Baghdad, though, remain
penetrated by political militias. The spectacle of Saddam Hussein's
guards chanting the name of Moqtada al Sadr as the despot swung from
the gallows was revealing and disturbing.

So where do we go from here? The much-debated "surge" would only
modify our current strategy, if Americans continue to focus chiefly on
destroying the insurgents in Sunni neighborhoods. Fewer Sunni car
bombs will supposedly result in less retaliation by death squads and
end the ethnic cleansing. The Shiite population would turn away from
militias because they wouldn't need them, given more security by more
Americans. Because Mr. Maliki values Mr. Sadr's political support,
Sadr City will remain what it is today: a sanctuary for the Mahdi Army
militia.

This is a problematic approach. The Sunnis initiated the violence, no
doubt about it. But now the Shiite militias are doing the majority of
the killing in Baghdad -- yet less than 10% of those in prison are
Shiites. There are 75 murders a day in Baghdad, and most killers walk
free. The militias are gradually succeeding in the ethnic cleansing of
much of Baghdad. To persist in this strategy is equivalent to a mayor
telling his police chief that the mafia who live on the east side of
town cannot be touched. It dooms the chance, however frail, of
creating a nonsectarian Iraqi government.

Coupled with defensive patrolling is a proposed program of job
creation (removing trash, for example). But handouts in a culture
accustomed to handouts gain little. The return for this effort is hard
to predict. In Anbar province, the only successful projects have been
repayable loans to those Iraqis resolute enough to step forward and
accept responsibility for building their own businesses.

Providing our advisers and battalion commanders with discretionary
funds is a sound investment, but is ancillary to establishing
security. It's unproven how many 16-year-old foot soldiers will be
diverted by low-paying jobs. If you went to a member of the mafia and
offered a low-paying job in return for renouncing crime, he would
laugh at you. Most of the thugs won't be bought off; extortion and
robbery are more lucrative and enjoyable.

President Bush recently agreed with the assessment of the chairman of
the Joint Chiefs of Staff, Gen. Peter Pace, that "we're not winning in
Iraq . . . but we're not losing." But in counterinsurgency, if you do
not win, you lose. What, then, is another option the president can
choose?


Instead of a defensive surge strategy satisfying to Mr. Maliki, the
president can opt for an offensive, nonsectarian strategy. Its core
operational concepts must be neutralizing criminals -- which include
the Sunni insurgents, the Shiite death squads and the criminal gangs
-- by imprisonment, deterrence, or death; and constructing Iraqi
security institutions as free as possible of sectarian taint.


Iraq is now a police war and we need to treat it as such. Former
Secretary of State Colin Powell a few weeks ago said, "We should not
use our troops as policemen." But that's exactly how they are being
used today in Baghdad and are, in fact, used in most
counterinsurgencies. Our weakest links are leaving the Mahdi Army
off-limits, not selecting Iraqi security leaders and refusing to
arrest and incarcerate the criminals (insurgents, death squads and
thugs). If the president's new strategy does not aggressively rectify
these three defects, then surging more American troops will buy time
but not alter a war we are losing because we are not winning.

Sadr City cannot remain off limits. When the death squads know they
are hunted, many will flee the city. Others will fight back. Intense
violence, however, cannot sustain itself. American forces fought Mr.
Sadr's militia in April and August of 2004. In both cases, all-out war
by the Mahdi Army petered out due to lack of logistics. In both cases,
the Shiite population stood to one side. We created a monster by
letting Mr. Sadr go free twice. We cannot make that mistake a third
time.
* * *

To change the dynamic in Iraq, the president has to insist on arrests
and incarceration rates equivalent or greater than those for violent
crime in New York City. This would set benchmarks and shift our forces
from defense to offense. New York City averages over 27,000 arrests a
year for violent crimes. If a similar number of arrests were made in
Baghdad, which is roughly the same population size as New York City,
the jail population in Iraq would double in a year. One in 75 American
males is in jail, compared to one in 450 Iraqi males. Iraq is not six
times safer than the U.S. Instead, Iraq has a judicial system, abetted
by American military legalisms, that works in favor of the killers.
The president has to change that.

Our troops in Iraq complain, with justice, that they often capture
insurgents, only to find them on the street a few months later. As a
result of the abuses of Abu Ghraib, the U.S. military instituted four
layers of review for each Iraqi detained. The result is that most
detainees are released. As for the Iraqi system, it is simply absurd,
insisting on habeas corpus rules of evidence in a corrupt and
overwhelmed judicial system that incarcerates a few dozen each week,
compared to over a thousand a week in New York City alone. Eight of 10
detainees are set free. Releasing killers undercuts troop morale,
while the residents lose trust. Texas has 170,000 in jail; Iraq, with
a larger population and 50 times the violence rate, has 28,000 in
jail. This "catch and release system," as the troops call it, is the
single weakest link in the U.S. strategy.

Technology can help. We could, for example, equip Iraqi and American
forces with mobile devices to fingerprint the military-age males in
Baghdad and the Sunni Triangle. Anyone stopped can be checked in two
minutes, just as the Border Police and the Chicago Police do today.
This would deprive the killers of mobility and is the key to radically
increasing arrests. In this, as in many other respects, the American
failure in Iraq reflects not our preference for high technology -- as
facile critics claim -- but our inability to bring appropriate
technologies to bear.
* * *

This is an Iraqi war, and success depends on the creation of a larger
Iraqi Army (perhaps twice its current size of under 140,000) and a
neutral police force. So we must increase our advisers from 3,500 to
15,000 or more. This is a small-unit police war, with the insurgents
hiding and dodging. We do not need 40 or 50 conventional American
battalions trained and equipped for full-scale conventional war, if
the Iraqi security forces are strengthened by bulked-up American
advisory teams.

But Iraqi security forces will fall apart if political parties use
appointments and promotions for sectarian purposes. We must therefore
insist on a joint U.S.-Iraqi board to appoint all Iraqi battalion
commanders and police chiefs and above. American control over senior
personnel is the single most important aspect of our effort to develop
Iraqi institutions. Without it, additional resources, to include more
advisers, will be wasted.

Quite possibly, Prime Minister Maliki will refuse, on the grounds of
sovereignty and national pride, to allow Americans equal control over
Iraqi personnel policy. We should respond that when Iraq is truly
sovereign and standing on its own, we withdraw our advisers and the
joint board ceases to operate. In the meantime, we're not potted
plants. It is our advisers that force the ministries in Baghdad to pay
the Iraqi soldiers. It is our advisers on patrol risking their lives
and dying to reassure the Iraqi forces that they can prevail. As long
as we run equal risk, we deserve equal say in the selection of
competent leaders.

There is some chance that a strategy dependent on Mr. Maliki's
sectarian instincts may succeed. He may, despite his poor track
record, pull himself and his government together. Prudence, however,
suggests that the president design a strategy that is independent of
Mr. Maliki's fortunes and strengthens the only institution capable of
holding the country together -- the Iraqi army.

We prefer an offensive strategy based on three ironclad principles:
take the offense immediately against the death squads in Sadr City,
who are now unsettled; arrest and imprison on a scale equal to the
horrific situation (or at least equal to New York City!); and insist
on a joint say in the appointment of army and police leaders. If the
Iraqi government refuses, we should be willing to disengage
completely, and soon.

The paradox of American strategy in Iraq is this: President Bush can
achieve success only by threatening to do something he is morally
opposed to doing -- leaving swiftly and risking chaotic civil strife.
If the president showed the same iron will toward Mr. Maliki that he
does toward Congress and public opinion, Mr. Maliki would blink first.

The only course that will work entails not only the risks of greater
casualties, but the risks of walking away from promises unmet and
hopes unfulfilled. More money and troops are inputs, not outputs. A
new strategy needs benchmarks for success -- arrests, imprisonment and
the adviser ratings of leaders. Our only hope lies not in American
troops but in the development of an Iraqi security force free of
militia influence, working for a government that understands the
penalty for failure.

Mr. West, a former assistant secretary of defense and a former marine,
visits frequently with the troops in Iraq. Mr. Cohen is Robert E.
Osgood professor of strategic studies at Johns Hopkins School of
Advanced International Studies.
0 Replies
 
ican711nm
 
  1  
Reply Fri 12 Jan, 2007 11:17 am
Don't Give Up On Iraq Yet
By Tariq al-Hashimi
Washington Post
Wednesday, January 10, 2007; Page A13

During my recent visit to Washington I found a nation fatigued by news of a faraway battle that seemed to creep closer with each fallen soldier. I found an administration wearied by infighting among an Iraqi government that seems incapable of reaching simple agreements. The chaos and sectarian destruction plaguing my people are slowly becoming just statistics in passing headlines, as we become a nation whose people spend more time each day preparing for death than for life.

Many Americans unfortunately believe that Iraq can no longer be salvaged. Even some in the Bush administration see a civil war as inevitable.

First, both of our nations have invested too much to walk away now. If this battle is lost, the entire region could be destabilized.

Second, despite the chaos in my country, not all bridges of patriotism have been burned. Iraqis have ties to their beloved country, not only to their sects and ethnicities. Proof of this nationalism recently came from the most unlikely of venues.

During the Asian Games in Qatar last month, Iraq became quiet, if only for a few hours. Citizens united as brothers behind the national soccer team, which against all odds fought its way to the finals. The team didn't battle for a militia or a sect but for an idea -- the nation of Iraq. The players didn't win the medal but gained something far greater: They won us hope. From children on the streets to politicians to parents, we were all one, and we were all Iraqi. This tells me that all is not lost, that a deep-rooted sense of nationalism still lies within all Iraqis, and that it can and must be rekindled.

It is true that terrorism of an unparalleled nature rages in Iraq and that Iraqis are the ones killing each other on the basis of sectarian and ethnic identities. It is also true that reconstruction and economic development have ground to a halt because of the violence. And Iraqis are divided on such fundamental issues as reconciliation and how to bring about security.

Despite all the hardships, however, we Iraqis were able to raise the rudimentary pillars of our nascent democracy by writing a constitution, electing a parliament based on that constitution and granting a vote of confidence to a government through that elected parliament. It is not fair to look at Iraq as a collection of failures without identifying its successes. The birth of a new nation is not easy, but just as your nation has become a beacon for democracy, we hope that Iraq will one day do the same.

All is not lost! Eliminating regional influence is the only way to bring Iraqis back to their senses. Americans understandably find it difficult to support any strategy that prolongs the presence of your troops in Iraq. We do not want to stand in the way of your forces going home. But that decision should not be made under the pressure of car bombs and kidnappings. A precipitous withdrawal of forces would create a security vacuum in Iraq that our forces cannot yet handle -- and would therefore be filled by extremists. This does not serve the interests of Iraq or the United States.

If those soccer players taught us anything, it is that a proper strategy for eliminating sectarianism and fostering nationalism is key. Reconstituting the Iraqi Armed Services and then reforming, retraining and properly arming them must be a central component of this strategy. Another should be revising Iraq's constitution to give our central government effective powers but prevent any sort of dictatorship by the prime minister. The powers that the prime minister holds now must be revised to guarantee that all stakeholders can share in governing. Adherence to the rule of law is also central.

True reconciliation in line with what happened in South Africa and Ireland is needed for resolution of the conflict in Iraq, but that reconciliation must be free from regional stipulations. Economics is also key, as gainful employment keeps Iraqi youths away from the insurgents. All of this must be preceded by a coordinated effort to secure Baghdad, which has become a haven for militia and terrorist activity.

We need a greater focus on the militias, which kill innocent civilians and defy the government with impunity. The Pentagon recently told Congress that the militias pose more of a danger to the security and stability of Iraq than do the terrorist groups operating there. Militias do not differ from other terrorist groups; therefore, the Iraqi government and the United States must classify militias as such and must treat and fight them in the same manner as other terrorists.

A comprehensive plan is needed to save Iraq from disaster. I hope that the administration has considered these critical issues and that the new strategy effectively addresses them.

The writer is vice president of the Republic of Iraq.
0 Replies
 
ican711nm
 
  1  
Reply Fri 12 Jan, 2007 01:40 pm
Why They Fight
And what it means for us.
BY PETER WEHNER
Opinion Journal
Tuesday, January 9, 2007 12:01 a.m. EST

President Bush has said that the war against global jihadism is more than a military conflict; it is the decisive ideological struggle of the 21st century. We are still in the early years of the struggle. The civilized world will either rise to the challenge and prevail against this latest form of barbarism, or grief and death will visit us and other innocents on a massive scale.

Given the stakes involved in this war and how little is known, even now, about what is at the core of this conflict, it is worth reviewing in some detail the nature of our enemy--including disaggregating who they are (Shia and Sunni extremists), what they believe and why they believe it, and the implications of that for America and the West.

Islam in the World Today
The enemy we face is not Islam per se; rather, we face a global network of extremists who are driven by a twisted vision of Islam. These jihadists are certainly a minority within Islam--but they exist, they are dangerous and resolute, in some places they are ascendant, and they need to be confronted and defeated.

It's worth looking at Islam more broadly. It is the second-largest religion in the world, with around 1.3 billion adherents. Islam is the dominant religion throughout the Middle East, North Africa, Central Asia, Afghanistan, Pakistan, and Indonesia, which alone claims more than 170 million adherents. There are also more than 100 million Muslims living in India.

Less than a quarter of the world's Muslims are Arabs.

The Muslim world is, as William J. Bennett wrote in his in 2002 in his book "Why We Fight," "vast and varied and runs the gamut from the Iran of the ayatollahs to secular and largely westernized Turkey."

The overwhelming majority of Muslims are Sunnites, or "traditionalists"; they comprise 83 percent of the Muslim world, or 934 million people. It is the dominant faith in countries like Afghanistan, Algeria, Egypt, Jordan, Libya, Pakistan, Somalia, Sudan, Syria, Tajikistan, Turkey, and Uzbekistan.

Sunni Islam recognizes several major schools of thought, including Wahhabism, which is based on the teachings of the 18th century Islamic scholar Mohammed ibn Abd Wahhab. His movement was a reaction to European modernism and what he believed was the corruption of Muslim theology and an insufficient fidelity to Islamic law. He gave jihad, or "holy war," a prominent place in his teachings.

Wahhabism--a xenophobic, puritanical version of Sunni Islam--became the reigning theology in modern Saudi Arabia and is the strand of Sunni faith in which Osama bin Laden was raised and with which he associates himself.

Shiites, or "partisans" of Ali, represent around 16 percent of the Muslim world, or 180 million people. The Shiite faith is dominant in Iraq and Iran and is the single largest community in Lebanon. The largest sect within the Shia faith is known as "twelvers," referring to those who believe that the twelfth imam, who is now hidden, will appear to establish peace, justice, and Islamic rule on earth.

"Across the Middle East Shias and Sunnis have often rallied around the same political causes and even fought together in the same trenches," Professor Vali Nasr, author of "The Shia Revival," has written. But he also points out that "followers of each sect are divided by language, ethnicity, geography, and class. There are also disagreements within each group over politics, theology, and religious law . . ." Professor Nasr points out that "[a]nti-Shiism is embedded in the ideology of Sunni militancy that has risen to prominence across the region in the last decade."

It is worth noting as well that for most of its history, the Shia have been largely powerless, marginalized, and oppressed--often by Sunnis. "Shia history," the Middle East scholar Fouad Ajami has written, "is about lamentations."

Shia and Sunni: Different Histories
The split between the Sunni and Shiite branches of Islam is rooted in the question of rightful succession after the death of Muhammad in 632.

The Shia believe that Muhammad designated Ali, his son-in-law and cousin, as his successor. To the Shia, it was impossible that God could have left open the question of leadership of the community. Only those who knew the prophet intimately would have the thorough knowledge of the true meaning of the Koran and the prophetic tradition. Further, for the new community to choose its own leader held the possibility that the wrong person would be chosen.

The majority view prevailing at an assembly following Muhammad's death, however, was that Muhammad had deliberately left succession an open question. These became the Sunnis, followers of the Sunnah, or Tradition of the Prophet. This is the root of the Sunni tradition. Sunnis have a belief in "the sanctity of the consensus of the community . . . 'My community will never agree in error': the Prophet is thus claimed by the Sunnis to have conferred on his community the very infallibility that the Shi`is ascribe to their Imams," Hamid Enayat, wrote in his book "Modern Islamic Political Thought."

The assembly elected as Muhammad's successor Abu Baker, a close companion of Muhammad, and gave Abu Baker the title Caliph, or successor, of God's messenger. Ali was the third successor to Abu Baker and, for the Shia, the first divinely sanctioned "imam," or male descendant of the Prophet Muhammad.

The seminal event in Shia history is the martyrdom in 680 of Ali's son Hussein, who led an uprising against the "illegitimate" caliph (72 of Hussein's followers were killed as well). "For the Shia, Hussein came to symbolize resistance to tyranny," according to Masood Farivar. "His martyrdom is commemorated to this day as the central act of Shia piety."

The end of Muhammad's line came with Muhammad al-Mahdi, the "Twelfth Imam"--or Mahdi ("the one who guides")--who disappeared as a child at the funeral of his father Hassan al-Askari, the eleventh imam.

Shia and Sunni: Different Eschatologies

Shiites believe that the Twelfth Imam, al-Mahdi, is merely hidden from view and will one day return from his "occultation" to rid the world of evil. Legitimate Islamic rule can only be re-established with the Mahdi's return because, in the Shiite view, the imams possessed secret knowledge, passed by each to his successor, vital to guiding the community.

History is moving toward the inevitable return of the Twelfth Imam, according to Shia. Professor Hamid Enayat has written:

"The Shi`is agree with the Sunnis that Muslim history since the era of the four Rightly-Guided Caliphs . . . has been for the most part a tale of woe. But whereas for the Sunnis the course of history since then has been a movement away from the ideal state, for the Shi`is it is a movement towards it."

It's worth noting that Shia have historically been politically quiescent, with "[the return of the Mahdi] remaining in practice merely a sanctifying tenet for the submissive acceptance of the status quo."

In more recent times, however--and in particular in Iran under Ayatollah Ruhollah Khomeini--the martyrdom of Hussein at Karbala in 680 has been used to catalyze political action. Ayatollah Khomeini embraced a view that Hussein was compelled to resist an unpopular, unjust and impious government and that his martyrdom serves as a call to rebellion for all Muslims in building an Islamic state.

The end-time views of Ayatollah Khomeini have been explained this way:

"[Khomeini] vested the myth [of the return of the Twelfth Imam] with an entirely new sense: The Twelfth Imam will only emerge when the believers have vanquished evil. To speed up the Mahdi's return, Muslims had to shake off their torpor and fight," according to Matthias Kuntzel writing in the New Republic this past April.

As Mr. Kuntzel points out, Khomeini's activism is a break with Shia tradition and, in fact, tracks more closely with the militancy of the Sunni Muslim Brotherhood, which seeks to reunite religion and politics, implement sharia (the body of Islamic laws derived from the Koran), and views the struggle for an Islamic state as a Muslim duty.

Professor Noah Feldman of New York University points out, "Recently, Iran's president, Mahmoud Ahmadinejad, contributed to renewed focus on the mahdi, by saying publicly that the mission of the Islamic revolution in Iran is to pave the way for the mahdi's return . . ."

Sunni radicals hold a very different eschatological view. "For all his talk of the war between civilizations," Professor Feldman has written:

"bin Laden has never spoken of the end of days. For him, the battle between the Muslims and the infidels is part of earthly human life, and has indeed been with us since the days of the Prophet himself. The war intensifies and lessens with time, but it is not something that occurs out of time or with the expectation that time itself will stop. Bin Laden and his sympathizers want to re-establish the caliphate and rule the Muslim world, but unlike some earlier revivalist movements within Sunni Islam, they do not declare their leader as the mahdi, or guided one, whose appearance will usher in a golden age of justice and peace to be followed by the Day of Judgment. From this perspective, the utter destruction of civilization would be a mistake, not the fulfillment of a divine plan."

Many Sunnis, then, look toward the rise of a new caliphate; Shia, on the other hand, are looking for the rule of the returned imam--with the extremist strain within Shia believing they can hasten the return of the twelfth imam by cleansing the world of what they believe to be evil in their midst.

Other prominent Shia, like Iraq's Ayatollah Ali al-Sistani, according to Professor Feldman, "take a more fatalist stance, and prefer to believe that the mahdi's coming cannot be hastened by human activity . . . ." Indeed, as Anthony Shadid pointed out in the Washington Post in 2004, Ayatollah Sistani was a disciple of Ayatollah Abul-Qassim Khoei in Najaf, who was from the "quietist school" in Shiite Islam and attempted to keep Khomeini from claiming the mantle of Shiite leadership.

Contemporary Sunni Radicalism

Since the attacks of September 11, we have learned important things about al Qaeda and its allies. Their movement is fueled by hatred and deep resentments against the West, America, and the course of history.

In Islam's first few centuries of existence, it was a dominant and expanding force in the world, sweeping across lands in the modern-day Middle East, North Africa, Spain, and elsewhere. During its Golden Age--which spanned from the eighth to the 13th century--Islam was the philosophical, educational, and scientific center of the world. The Ottoman Empire reached the peak of its power in the 16th century. Islam then began to recede as a political force. In the 17th century, for example, advancing Muslims were defeated at the gates of Vienna, the last time an Islamic army threatened the heart of Europe. And for radicals like bin Laden, a milestone event and historic humiliation came when the Ottoman Empire crumbled at the end of World War I.

This is significant because for many Muslims, the proper order of life in this world is for them to rule and for the "infidels" to be ruled over. The end of the Ottoman Empire was deeply disorienting. Then, in 1923-24 came the establishment of modern, secular Turkey under Kemal Ataturk--and the abolishment of the caliphate.

Osama bin Laden and his militant Sunni followers seek to reverse all that. Bin Laden sees himself as the new caliph; he has referred to himself as the "commander of the faithful." He is seeking to unify all of Islam--and resume a jihad against the unbelievers.

According to Mary Habeck of the School of Advanced International Studies at Johns Hopkins University:

"Jihadis thus neither recognize national boundaries within the Islamic lands nor do they believe that the coming Islamic state, when it is created, should have permanent borders with the unbelievers. The recognition of such boundaries would end the expansion of Islam and stop offensive jihad, both of which are transgressions against the laws of God that command jihad to last until Judgment Day or until the entire earth is under the rule of Islamic law."

Al Qaeda and its terrorist allies are waging their war on several continents. They have killed innocent people in Europe, Africa, the Middle East, Central Asia, the Far East, and the United States. They will try to overthrow governments and seize power where they can--and where they cannot, they will attempt to inflict fear and destruction by disrupting settled ways of life. They will employ every weapon they can: assassinations, car bombs, airplanes, and, if they can secure them, biological, chemical, and nuclear weapons.

The theocratic and totalitarian ideology that characterizes al Qaeda makes typical negotiations impossible. "Anyone who stands in the way of our struggle is our enemy and target of the swords," said Abu Musab al Zarqawi, the late leader of al Qaeda in Iraq. Osama bin Laden put it this way: "Death is better than living on this Earth with the unbelievers among us."

This struggle has an enormous ideological dimension. For example, both Osama bin Laden and Ayman al-Zawahiri, the number two leader of al Qaeda and its ideological leader, were deeply influenced by Sayyid Qutb, whose writings (especially his manifesto "Milestones") gave rise and profoundly shaped the radical Islamist movement. Qutb, an Egyptian who was killed by Egyptian President Gamal Nasser in 1966, had a fierce hatred for America, the West, modernity, and Muslims who did not share his extremist views.

According to the author Lawrence Wright:

"Qutb divides the world into two camps, Islam and jahiliyya, the period of ignorance and barbarity that existed before the divine message of the Prophet Mohammed. Qutb uses the term to encompass all of modern life: manners, morals, art, literature, law, even much of what passed as Islamic culture. He was opposed not to modern technology but to the worship of science, which he believed had alienated humanity from natural harmony with creation. Only a complete rejection of rationalism and Western values offered the slim hope of the redemption of Islam. This was the choice: pure, primitive Islam or the doom of mankind."

Sunni jihadists, then, are committed to establishing a radical Islamic empire that spans from Spain to Indonesia. Ayman al-Zawahiri, for example, has spoken about a "jihad for the liberation of Palestine, all Palestine, as well as every land that was a home for Islam, from Andalusia to Iraq. The whole world is an open field for us."

Their version of political utopia is Afghanistan under the Taliban, a land of almost unfathomable cruelty. The Taliban sought to control every sphere of human life and crush individuality and human creativity. And Afghanistan became a safe haven and launching pad for terrorists.

The Islamic radicals we are fighting know they are far less wealthy and far less advanced in technology and weaponry than the United States. But they believe they will prevail in this war, as they did against the Soviet Union in Afghanistan, by wearing us down and breaking our will. They believe America and the West are "the weak horse"--soft, irresolute, and decadent. "[Americans are] the most cowardly of God's creatures," al-Zarqawi once said.

Contemporary Shia Radicalism

President Bush has said the Shia strain of Islamic radicalism is "just as dangerous, and just as hostile to America, and just as determined to establish its brand of hegemony across the broader Middle East." And Shia extremists have achieved something al Qaeda has not: in 1979, they took control of a major power, Iran.

The importance of the Iranian revolution is hard to overstate. In the words of the Islamic scholar Bernard Lewis (writing in Foreign Affairs, May/June 2005):

"Political Islam first became a major international factor with the Iranian Revolution of 1979. The word 'revolution' has been much misused in the Middle East and has served to designate and justify almost any violent transfer of power at the top. But what happened in Iran was a genuine revolution, a major change with a very significant ideological challenge, a shift in the basis of society that had an immense impact on the whole Islamic world, intellectually, morally, and politically. The process that began in Iran in 1979 was a revolution in the same sense as the French and the Russian revolutions were." (emphasis added)

The taking of American hostages in 1979 made it clear that "Islamism represented for the West an opponent of an entirely different nature than the Soviet Union: an opponent that not only did not accept the system of international relations founded after 1945 but combated it as a 'Christian-Jewish conspiracy,' " Mr. Kuntzel wrote in Policy Review recently.

Ayatollah Khomeini said in a radio address in November 1979 that the storming of the American embassy represented a "war between Muslims and pagans." He went on to say this:

"The Muslims must rise up in this struggle, which is more a struggle between unbelievers and Islam than one between Iran and America: between all unbelievers and Muslims. The Muslims must rise up and triumph in this struggle."

A year later, writes Mr. Kuntzel, in a speech in Qom, Khomeini indicated the type of mindset we are facing:

"We do not worship Iran, we worship Allah. For patriotism is another name for paganism. I say let this land [Iran] burn. I say let this land go up in smoke, provided Islam emerges triumphant in the rest of the world."

"Whether or not they share Teheran's Shiite orientation," Joshua Muravchik and Jeffrey Gedmin wrote in 1997 in Commentary magazine, "the various Islamist movements take inspiration (and in many cases material assistance) from the Islamic Republic of Iran."

Indeed. As Lawrence Wright points out in his book "The Looming Tower: Al-Qaeda and the Road to 9/11":

"The fact that Khomeini came from the Shiite branch of Islam, rather than the Sunni, which predominates in the Muslim world outside of Iraq and Iran, made him a complicated figure among Sunni radicals. Nonetheless, Zawahiri's organization, al-Jihad, supported the Iranian revolution with leaflets and cassette tapes urging all Islamic groups in Egypt to follow the Iranian example."

Today Iran is the most active state sponsor of terrorism in the world. For example, it funds and arms Hezbollah, a Shia terrorist organization which has killed more Americans than any terrorist organization except al Qaeda. Hezbollah was behind the 1983 bombing of the U.S. Marine barracks in Beirut that killed 241 Americans and marked the advent of suicide bombing as a weapon of choice among Islamic radicals.

The leader of Hezbollah, Hassan Nasrallah, has said this: "Let the entire world hear me. Our hostility to the Great Satan [America] is absolute . . . Regardless of how the world has changed after 11 September, Death to America will remain our reverberating and powerful slogan: Death to America."

Iran's president, Mahmoud Ahmadinejad, has also declared his absolute hostility to America. Last October, he said, "whether a world without the United States and Zionism can be achieved . . . I say that this . . . goal is achievable." In 2006 he declared to America and other Western powers: "open your eyes and see the fate of pharaoh . . . if you do not abandon the path of falsehood . . . your doomed destiny will be annihilation." Later he warned, "The anger of Muslims may reach an explosion point soon. If such a day comes [America and the West] should know that the waves of the blast will not remain within the boundaries of our region."

He also said this: "If you would like to have good relations with the Iranian nation in the future . . . bow down before the greatness of the Iranian nation and surrender. If you don't accept [to do this], the Iranian nation will . . . force you to surrender and bow down."

In Tehran in December, President Ahmadinejad hosted a conference of Holocaust deniers, and he has repeatedly threatened to wipe Israel off the map. "More than any leading Iranian figure since Ayatollah Khomeini himself," Vali Nasr has written, "Ahmadinejad appears to take seriously the old revolutionary goal of positioning Iran as the leading country of the entire Muslim world--an ambition that requires focusing on themes (such as hostility to Israel and the West) that tend to bring together Arabs and Iranians, Sunni and Shia, rather than divide them . . . "

Concluding Thoughts

It is the fate of the West, and in particular the United States, to have to deal with the combined threat of Shia and Sunni extremists. And for all the differences that exist between them--and they are significant--they share some common features.

Their brand of radicalism is theocratic, totalitarian, illiberal, expansionist, violent, and deeply anti-Semitic and anti-American. As President Bush has said, both Shia and Sunni militants want to impose their dark vision on the Middle East. And as we have seen with Shia-dominated Iran's support of the Sunni terrorist group Hamas, they can find common ground when they confront what they believe is a common enemy.

The war against global jihadism will be long, and we will experience success and setbacks along the way. The temptation of the West will be to grow impatient and, in the face of this long struggle, to grow weary. Some will demand a quick victory and, absent that, they will want to withdraw from the battle. But this is a war from which we cannot withdraw. As we saw on September 11th, there are no safe harbors in which to hide. Our enemies have declared war on us, and their hatreds cannot be sated. We will either defeat them, or they will come after us with the unsheathed sword.

All of us would prefer years of repose to years of conflict. But history will not allow it. And so it once again rests with this remarkable republic to do what we have done in the past: our duty.

Peter Wehner is deputy assistant to the president and director of the White House's Office of Strategic Initiatives.
0 Replies
 
hamburger
 
  1  
Reply Fri 12 Jan, 2007 01:49 pm
Quote:
First, both of our nations have invested too much to walk away now.


here we go again , "have invested too much to walk away" .
if you have invested too much already , you better walk away quickly before investing even more - and losing even more .

it reminds me of an interview with an experienced mountain-climber recently , when those climbers died while trying to scale the top of a mountain out west .
he was quite clear in what he said : "if you realize you'll be in trouble if you keep climbing - quit and turn around !
saying 'i'm 90% there , i can't quit now' is simply foolish .
turn around , wait for better weather and climbing conditions , get better equipment and backup for your next climb - but never bulldoze ahead saying : "i can't quit now - that's how people get killed ! ".
he also said : "it's only a roundtrip that counts . making it 90 or even 99 % and dying doesn't count because you haven't conquered the mountain ".
something to think about imo .
hbg
0 Replies
 
ican711nm
 
  1  
Reply Fri 12 Jan, 2007 03:03 pm
hamburger wrote:
Quote:
First, both of our nations have invested too much to walk away now.


here we go again , "have invested too much to walk away" .
if you have invested too much already , you better walk away quickly before investing even more - and losing even more .

...

"it's only a roundtrip that counts . making it 90 or even 99 % and dying doesn't count because you haven't conquered the mountain ".
something to think about imo .
hbg

Unfortunately, the conflict in Iraq is not analogous to climbing a real mountain. Your would be mountain climbers and the mountain they seek to climb will probably remain intact for a long enough time for the would be mountain climbers to try again some other day of their choosing

Climbing the Iraq mountain is different. It is a growing mountain: a mountain more like a volcano which if not de-activated soon will be more difficult to de-activate later. Failing to persist in climbing the Iraq mountain will result in a far taller mountain to climb, many more such mountains to climb and a requirement for far more mountain climbers to succeed in climbing them regardless of weather conditions.

Yes, we "have invested too much to walk away" from Iraq now. If we walk away now, next time we will have to invest far more to de-activate mass murder in Iraq as well as in the rest of the world.
0 Replies
 
hamburger
 
  1  
Reply Fri 12 Jan, 2007 03:57 pm
Quote:
Climbing the Iraq mountain is different. It is a growing mountain: a mountain more like a volcano which if not de-activated soon will be more difficult to de-activate later. Failing to persist in climbing the Iraq mountain will result in a far taller mountain to climb, many more such mountains to climb and a requirement for far more mountain climbers to succeed in climbing them regardless of weather conditions.


ican :
i doubt that you wanted to compare iraq to a volcano . if , indeed , iraq is a volcano , i don't think there is much hope .
to the best of my knowledge , no valcano has ever been 'deactivated' .
usually those living near a valcano adjust their lifestyle and are ready to move out on short notice .

you may also have noticed that the 'experienced' climber spoke of "better equipment and backup" .
i would compare the many (ex and in-service) military officers and generals who have spoken out about iraq to the 'experienced' mountain-climber .
from what i remember about the last four years in iraq , many spoke up and expressed their dissatisfaction with the direction from the administration .

i also find it rather unusual that after four years of nothing but praise for secretay rumsfeld , he was sent into retirement .
even just days before his dismissal he was being praised as being the best for the job .
i'm scratching my head - either secretary rumsfeld had not been the right person for the job - and i would think that it takes less than four years to find out ...
or he had started to have different ideas of how to continue the war and therefor fell out of favour .

perhaps someday he'll write a book about his experiences - might reveal interesting information .
(just like defence secretary robert mcnamara who provided some interesting insight into the vietnam war many years later) .

hbg(hoping it's not a volcano)
0 Replies
 
Steve 41oo
 
  1  
Reply Fri 12 Jan, 2007 04:39 pm
Quote:
Climbing the Iraq mountain is different. It is a growing mountain: a mountain more like a volcano which if not de-activated soon will be more difficult to de-activate later. Failing to persist in climbing the Iraq mountain will result in a far taller mountain to climb, many more such mountains to climb and a requirement for far more mountain climbers to succeed in climbing them regardless of weather conditions.
where is it?
0 Replies
 
ican711nm
 
  1  
Reply Fri 12 Jan, 2007 05:03 pm
hamburger wrote:
Quote:
Climbing the Iraq mountain is different. It is a growing mountain: a mountain more like a volcano which if not de-activated soon will be more difficult to de-activate later. Failing to persist in climbing the Iraq mountain will result in a far taller mountain to climb, many more such mountains to climb and a requirement for far more mountain climbers to succeed in climbing them regardless of weather conditions.


ican :
i doubt that you wanted to compare iraq to a volcano . if , indeed , iraq is a volcano , i don't think there is much hope .
to the best of my knowledge , no valcano has ever been 'deactivated' .
usually those living near a valcano adjust their lifestyle and are ready to move out on short notice .
...

Iraq is neither a mountain or a volcano. I thought we both were writing in terms of what we each believed to be reasonable analogies and not true comparisons.

I think a growing mountain rather than a static mountain is more analogous to the wars in Iraq and in Afghanistan. Climbing a static mountain can be delayed at one's convenience without penalty. Climbing a growing mountain becomes more difficult with time and cannot be delayed at one's convenience without penalty.

To the best of my knowledge, too, no group of humans has ever de-activated a volcano. That has been accomplished by volcanos themselves (e.g., Mt. St Helena in the USA was a growing volcano that eventually exploded and for a time was de-activated as a result). Perhaps in future, a group of humans will be able to cause a volcano to explode and thereby de-activate itself.

However, human history has recorded many occassions when a group of humans has de-activated a group of mass murderers at least for a time. Delaying the start of many of those de-activations cost humanity dearly because of the rapid growth of those mass murderers during the delay.

hamburger wrote:

...

from what i remember about the last four years in iraq , many spoke up and expressed their dissatisfaction with the direction from the administration .

Yes, many (including me) expressed their dissatisfaction with the way the Iraq and Afghanistan wars were being directed.

i also find it rather unusual that after four years of nothing but praise for secretay rumsfeld , he was sent into retirement .
...
perhaps someday he'll write a book about his experiences - might reveal interesting information .
(just like defence secretary robert mcnamara who provided some interesting insight into the vietnam war many years later).

Both were slow learners at best.

hbg(hoping it's not a volcano)


These growing mass murderer mountains--with their mass murderer fissures spreading all over the world--have to be de-activated. I pray the replacement team of de-activators now knows not only what must be done and possesses the resources required, but also knows how to do it.
0 Replies
 
 

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