Walter Hinteler wrote:georgeob1 wrote:Twelve years later, at the height of the Cold War, the French withdrew from the NATO military alliance and summarily kicked all NATO. forces out of France.
That's not true:
In 1965, President Charles de Gaulle of France announced that France would withdraw from the
integrated military structure of NATO. The decision was made official in March 1966 and
meant that, while France was part of the decision making, French forces would not be under the operational control of NATO commanders. France also announced that it would pursue its own nuclear deterrent against any possible aggression.
This time it is you who are incorrect, Walter.
The phrases "withdrew from the NATO military alliance", and "withdrew from the integrated military structure of NATO", are entirely equivalent. While France remained part of the NATO political structure, it is also true, as I stated, that France directed the rapid removal of NATO military headquarters and all NATO (and U.S.) forces from French soil. This was, at the time an unsettling weakening of the combined Allied resistance to the Soviet practice of "partial war" (as Lenin termed it) and their direct threat of assault across the then inter German border.
To my knowledge French Naval and Military forces never operated under any NATO operational structure throughout the Cold War. I also participated in several Naval exercises with the French, but always under a separate (and independent) command structure with no connection to NATO- a fine point on which they always insisted.
By the late ?'70s the French would occasionally do combined flight operations with our carriers in the Mediterranean using Foch or Clemenceau, mostly, we thought, to see how we did things. We liked to fly with their fighters - they still operated the F-8 Crusader, a wonderful aircraft that those of our fighter pilots still flying Phantoms recalled with envy. Their Etendard was a nice aircraft, but small and with a light payload and short range. In the Northern Arabian Sea during the ?'80s the French kept a large Naval force in Djibouti, and we operated with them regularly - but again always on a bilateral basis.
The French always preferred combined operations with other European powers, but without the United States. I'll bet the operations to which you referred involved at most one or two relatively small U.S. ships.
The Franco-German Alliance is a wonderful thing for Europe (provided the other countries can have their voices heard). However, France is not and never has been a close ally of the United States. I see no indication on either side that this will change soon.
As an afterthought --- we were allies with the French during WWI. However, I regard our entry into that foolish war as the greatest blunder of this country in the history of the 20th century.