Quote:I truly don't follow your suggestions that the MidEast was a formless "Arab sea" without laws, custom or legitimacy. These were real people with real customs and laws, real systems for administration of property, justice and public order. All happened to be quite different from those in use in Europe then and throughout the world today. That, however does not render them void. They and the Ottoman Empire existed and thrived for centuries before WWI and the beginnings of the Zionist movement.
It was only the Allied conquest and the British protectorate that gave the appearance that there were no established subdivisions within that Empire. The fact is there were. It suited the Zionists to build on this illusion an edifice of rationalizations for their takeover and expulsion (through terror and assassinations) of the Arab Christian and Moslem population. However this doesn't make it true. It remains error and deception
Okay, this is what I meant by read Arab/Islamic history.
You have posted two interesting contentions.
One is that:
"the appearance that there were no established subdivisions within that Empire. The fact is there were."
The other is that: "These were real people with real customs and laws, real systems for administration of property, justice and public order."
You are absolutely right on both points.
Now, if one were to investigate what the laws were; what the subdivisions were; what the customs were; what the systems for admininstering property were; what the concepts of what justice and public order were - one would have quite a different picture of what is commonly considered civilized and just.
You could, of course, reply that it is not fair to apply 21st century standards to Islamic values, but that is exactly what is going on today in our current, and Israel's current, wars against Islamic fascism.
We are indeed examining the Islamic system of justice; administration of property; the concepts of right and wrong; and the radically different ethnic and religious wars within the Islamic world.
And we are finding them wanting.
It is a broken system of religion and culture that does indeed, in all of its fratricidal differences, date back to Mohammad.
As in all cultures, Islam has had its great moments, but its current valuation of death, despair and destruction as a legitimate way of life is not one of Islam's crowning moments.
I mentioned the history of Saudi Arabia before, because it is a prime example of Islamic dysfunction.
Modern Saudi Arabia was founded on an unholy alliance between the House Saud, a minor tribal group in what is now Saudi Arabia, and the (House of) Wahhabis, a cultic Islamic group that pronounced ALL those who did not believe in that particular cult as infidels - liable for death. This of course included Jews and Christians, who were not liable, under ordinary Islamic Law, to death. It also, of course, included Shia Muslims, but it also included ALL Muslims who did not believe as the Wahhabis did.
This Wahhabi/Saudi alliance rebelled against the Ottoman Empire, succeeding until they were largely wiped out by the Ottomans. They continued their war against Egypt.
To wit:
Quote:Muhammad Ibn Abd al-Wahhab (1703-1792) joined forces with a tribal chief, Muhammad Ibn Saud, to lead a militant reform movement in Arabia. Although known to us today as the "Wahhabi" movement, they called themselves Muwahidun: "those who advocate oneness," i.e. strict monotheists based on the Islamic doctrine of Tawhid which Abd al-Wahhab understood not merely as the "oneness" of God, but, the exclusiveness of the One God. Influenced by the thought of medieval theologian Ibn Taymiyya, the Wahhabis practice a form of legalism somewhat resembling the Hanbali School of jurisprudence. An innovation of theirs, however, is the exclusion of the normal Islamic practice of ijma ("consensus") as the basis of Islamic Sharia law.
Wahhabis in the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries went on an uncompromising campaign against sufis, Shiites, and all others deemed unfaithful to the Wahhabis' strict interpretation of the sunna ("custom") of the Prophet Muhammad. The ways of Muhammad and his community at Medina were the only acceptable models for the Wahhabis, and, all Muslims, in their view, should be compelled to follow them. Many practices of Muslims who came after the Prophet were labeled bida'a, "objectionable innovations." At first, these included the building of minarets (acceptable to Wahhabis today) and the use of funeral markers. Wahhabi zealots even tried to destroy the tomb of the Prophet in Medina and were narrowly prevented from doing so through the intervention of King Abd al-Aziz al-Saud. Religious police, called mutawi'oon ("enforcers of obedience") were responsible for maintaining Wahhabi moral order. Today, Wahhabi standards have moderated somewhat from what they were, but the mutawi'oon remained a pillar of the religious Saudi establishment in the twentieth and early twenty-first centuries.
Ibn Abd al-Wahhab labeled all who disagreed with him heretics and apostates, which in his eyes justified the use of force in imposing both his beliefs and his political authority over neighboring tribes. This in turn led him to declare holy war (jihad) on other Muslims (neighboring Arab tribes), an act which would otherwise have been legally impossible under the rules of jihad.
In 1802, the Wahhabis captured Karbala in Iraq and destroyed the tomb of the Shiite Imam Husayn. In 1803 the Wahhabis captured Mecca. The Ottoman Turks became alarmed and dispatched Muhammad Ali, the Ottoman ruler of Egypt, to challenge the Wahhabis in 1811. He succeeded in reimposing Ottoman sovereignty in 1813. Nearly a century later in 1901 with Wahhabi help, Saudi amir Abd al-Aziz al-Saud recaptured Riyadh. Saud's sovereignty over the Arabian peninsula grew steadily until 1924 when his dominance became secure. The Wahhabis went on a rampage throughout the peninsula at this time smashing the tombs of Muslim saints and imams, including the tomb of the Prophet's daughter Fatima. (see Wahhabi raid of 1924) Saudi Arabia was officially constituted as a kingdom in 1932.
And:
Quote:Battle of ad-Dir'iyah, (1818), major defeat dealt the Wahhabis, fanatical and puritanical Muslim reformers of Najd, central Arabia, by the forces of the Egyptian ruler Muhammad 'Ali Pasha; the Wahhabi empire was destroyed, and the Sa'udi family that created it was virtually wiped out.
Wahhabi attacks on pilgrim caravans crossing Arabia concerned the Ottoman Turkish government at the end of the 18th century (the Ottoman sultan was protector of Mecca, Islam's chief holy city). When the Ottomans attempted to invade al-Hasa', eastern Arabia, the Wahhabis responded by seizing the holy city of Karbala' in Turkish Iraq (1801), then capturing Mecca itself (1802). Preoccupied in other directions, the Sultan did not send another force into Arabia until 1811, when he consigned to Muhammad 'Ali Pasha, the virtually independent viceroy of Egypt, the task of crushing the "heretics." For the next four years, the balance of power shifted back and forth between Muhammad 'Ali and Sa'ud.
In 1815 Sa'ud's successor, 'Abd Allah I, sued for peace, and the Egyptians withdrew from Najd. The following year, however, Ibrahim Pasha, one of the Viceroy's sons, took command of the Egyptian forces. Gaining the support of the volatile Arabian tribes by skillful diplomacy and lavish gifts, he advanced into central Arabia to occupy the towns of 'Unayzah, Buraydah, and Shaqra'. Joined now by most of the principal tribes--Harb, 'Unayzah, Mutayr, Banu Khalid--he appeared before the Wahhabi capital ad-Dir'iyah in April 1818. After six months of intermittent and desperate fighting, 'Abd Allah surrendered (Sept. 9, 1818) and was sent to Constantinople, where he was beheaded. Ad-Dir'iyah was razed to the ground, and Egyptian garrisons were posted to the principal towns. Several members of the Sa'udi family managed to escape before the surrender; the rest were sent to Egypt to prison.
It is estimated that the Saudi/Wahhabis murdered well over 100,000 Shia in what is now Northern Saudi Arabia and Southern Iraq.
They drove the Hashemites from Mecca who were then given the lands of Iraq and Jordan. The "Palestinians," by the way, did not approve of these foreign rulers and tried to wipe them out in what is now called Black September in Jordan. Arafat the Not Dead Yet was their murderous leader at the time. They were destroyed by the Hashemite Jordanians and driven to Lebanon, where they destroyed that country, with the help of Syria, who now occupies Lebanon.
Saudi Arabia is now an absolute monarchy based on Islamic tradition where approximately 30,000 members of the House of Saud rule over a country of 25 million people. The sole reason that Saudi Arabia exists is to support and maintain the House of Saud. It is their personal kingdom. Period.
This cultic oligarchy of absolute power that is allowed to continue based on its incredible oil resources and wealth is the model that demonstrates the fact that:
"the appearance that there were no established subdivisions within that Empire. The fact is there were."
and,"these were real people with real customs and laws, real systems for administration of property, justice and public order."
Yes, true as true can be. But it is corrupt and dysfunctional model.
However, Saudi Arabia is one the most stable and consistent models of Islamic rule in the entire Middle East. The rest are even worse!
When you try and claim: "the Zionists to build on this illusion an edifice of rationalizations for their takeover and expulsion (through terror and assassinations) of the Arab Christian and Moslem population."
Not only are you posting ridiculously false information, you are claiming that the "Zionists" behaved precisely in the exact same manner as every other peoples in the Middle East. You are claiming that the "Zionists" fit in perfectly with all Middle Eastern morays and traditions.
You are claiming that they belong there.
I disagree.
I believe that Israel is indeed an anomaly in the Middle East and that it will take some very hard work to get the rest of the Middle East up to Israel's level of tolerance for Christian and Muslim minorities; to their willingness to accept peoples of all faiths and beliefs into their society; of their rejection of terror as a way of expressing hatred.
I have given factual data that portrays the disparate tribal cults of Islam and its degenerative effect on the Middle East.
Israel's cultic activity, be it violent or religious, is and always has been, confined to a tiny minority and has always been condemned and often legislated against by the majority.
My original question, which still remains, is why would anyone single out Israel to condemn for its activities against the Palestinians, when there are far more egregious activities against native and neighboring populations by countries all over the world, particularly in the Middle East?
This question remains unanswered.