@izzythepush,
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http://ottawa.humanists.net/lifewithoutgod/originsseries/easter.html
The Origins of Easter
Etymology
The English word "Easter" and the German word, "Ostern", come from the same root for "Eastre". The ancient word for spring was "eastre" and this was the name given to Anglo-Saxon goddess of spring. A festival was held in her honor every year at the vernal equinox.
Christianity merged this rite of spring with the Jewish Passover, which is why in other languages the word for Passover derives from it's Hebrew name "Pesach". In Latin and Greek the word is "Pascha" which in turn becomes in French "Paques", in Italian "Pasqua", in Spanish "Pascua", in Danish "Paaske", in Dutch "Paasch", and Welsh "Pasg". Passover literally means "he passed over" and refers the legend of the destroying angel who "Passed Over" the children of Israel and smote Egyptian firstborn children and firstborn animals instead.
In time Easter ceased to be the festival of nature being renewed by spring and became the time for people to renew their faith in Jesus Christ and God.
Pagan origins of Easter
Pagan religions in the Mediterranean area celebrated at or following the Spring Equinox. As early as 200 BCE, resurrection themes surfaced. One notable myth was the Cybele cult. The lover of Cybele was Attis (based on the older Tammuz, Osiris, Dionysus, or Orpheus myths). Attis was a god of the ever-reviving vegetation. Born of a virgin, he died and was reborn annually. The festival began as a day of blood on Black Friday when Attis castrated himself and bled to death. His worshippers sought identification with the god by also castrating themselves. Festivities culminated after three days in a day of rejoicing over the resurrection of Attis.
Resurrection themes in antiquity originally celebrated the end of winter and the coming of spring. The earth comes alive in rebirth or resurrection in the spring and summer for six months and then in the autumn and winter goes to sleep or is dormant for six months. This pattern or behaviour of nature is the basis for many cultures or religions. There was a real fear that the sun was dying and would not come back and so when the sun became stronger in the spring, there was great rejoicing. Many cultures have rituals for enticing the sun to come back. The rebirths or resurrection themes are the revival gods of vegetation that have been dead or sleeping throughout the winter.
Eastre, Goddess of Spring and the Dawn
Eastre was a goddess of the dawn and the spring, and her name derives from words for dawn, the shining light arising from the east. She was a fertility goddess and brought in the end of winter, with the days brighter and growing longer after the vernal equinox. Her presence was felt in the flowering or fruits of plants and in the birth of animals. The female hormone "estrogen" is derived from her name. Other names for the goddess included "Eostre", "Ostara" " Ishtar" and "Astarte".
Easter Eggs
Eggs have always symbolized life and regeneration and so have been used in fertility rites. After the long, hard winter was over, the earth burst forth and was reborn just as the egg miraculously burst forth with life. The egg, therefore, was believed to have special powers.
In antiquity in Europe, hen, duck or goose eggs were metamorphosed into Easter Eggs by painting and decorating them. Ancient Egypt, Greece, Rome and Persia all dyed eggs for spring festivals. Medieval Europe created beautifully decorated eggs, which were given as gifts.
During the 18th and 19th centuries, another custom was the making of hollow cardboard eggs filled with Easter gifts.
The first chocolate Easter Eggs appeared in Germany and France in the early 1800's, and this new tradition soon spread to the rest of Europe and beyond.
The most famous decorated Easter eggs were those made by a goldsmith, Peter Carl Fabergé. In 1883 the Russian Czar, Alexander, commissioned Fabergé to make a special Easter gift for his wife, the Empress Marie. On Easter morning, Fabergé delivered an enameled egg with a golden yoke. Inside the yoke was a golden hen, and inside the hen, a miniature royal crown of diamonds and a ruby egg. This special Fabergé egg so delighted the Czarina that the Czar ordered the Fabergé firm to design further eggs to be delivered every Easter. In later years Nicholas II, Alexander's son, continued the custom. Fifty-seven eggs were made in all. Today these eggs are worth a fortune.
The Easter Bunny
The myth begins with the Goddess Eastre feeling guilty about arriving late one spring and finding a poor bird whose wings had been frozen by the snow. Eastre saved the life of bird and made him her pet or, as some versions have it, her lover. Filled with compassion for him since he could no longer fly, Eastre turned him into a snow hare, named him Lepus, and gave him the gift of being able to run with incredible speed so he could protect himself from hunters. In remembrance of his earlier form as a bird, she also gave him the ability to lay eggs in all the colors of the rainbow, but only on one day out of each year.
The Hare was sacred in many ancient traditions and was associated with moon goddesses and the various deities of the hunt. The Easter Bunny is a rabbit-spirit. Long ago, he was called the "Easter Hare". Hares and rabbits have frequent multiple births so they became a symbol of fertility.
The Christian Resurrection
The first Christians continued to observe Jewish festivals but practiced the festival with Christ as the "true Paschal Lamb".
There has been in modern times some doubt that the crucifixion of Jesus Christ actually took place because of the discrepancies in the gospel accounts.
There are five references in the New Testament which claim that Jesus was hanged on a tree instead of being crucified. The very reference of "hanging on a tree" implied that he was stoned first, e.g. "...Jesus, whom you slew and hanged on a tree". [Acts 5:30]
The gospel writers were not witnesses to the crucifixion and they attributed their accounts to the disciples of the same name. These accounts often do not agree with each other. For example, on the third day when the followers of Christ visited the tomb where Jesus was buried, there are different descriptions:
Who went first to the tomb?
Mark: Mark said it was Mary Magdalene, Mary, mother of James, and Salome.
Matthew: Matthew said it was Mary Magdalene and another Mary.
Luke: Luke said it was Mary Magdalene, Joanna, Mary, mother of James and other women.
John: John said it was Mary Magdalene who went there alone.
St Paul never mentions details about the crucifixion or the resurrection. Paul was more concerned with talking about the spiritual resurrection and his writings preceded the gospel accounts.
The Christian Church skillfully contrived to plant the seeds of the new faith on the old stock of paganism. The Easter celebration of the idea of a risen Christ was grafted upon a similar celebration of the dead and risen fertility gods. The crucifixion is also another theme of sacrifice based on the dedication of the first born to the Lord, just like Abraham and Isaac. Although eventually child sacrifice was replaced by the sacrificial animal,
the idea of actually putting the victim to death lived on in its final conclusion with the Son of God being offered up to the Father, in an act of atonement for sin. This in fact was no different from the pagan worship of human sacrifice.
Easter was never a fixed date like Christmas. At the beginning, various Christian sects celebrated Easter at difference times. The final settlement over the celebration of Easter Sunday was not fully agreed on until the CE 325 at the Council of Nicea. It was decided that Easter Day should be the first Sunday after the first full moon, after the spring equinox.