25
   

Hey, Can A Woman "Ask To Get Raped"?

 
 
BillRM
 
  -2  
Reply Tue 3 Aug, 2010 03:04 am
@joefromchicago,
The people who have work freeing innocent men have a whole detail list of what needed to be change on the innocent project website and they do not deal with just rapes cases alone.

The main focus is changing the way photo IDs and lineups are done.

Such things as double blinding the process where the people conducting such IDing sessions are not themselves aware of the "correct" person to be pick out so no clue can be given to the victim by body language or other such means.

It should also be drill into the police and the court system that by all the scientific studies on victims IDing attackers had shown how very unreliable they are and therefore such “evidence” should be of secondary important and no case should be brought base on such alone.

As I said, all this can be found in details along with the studies by a fast google search.

The following have nothing to do with the innocent project positions but my own feeling on the matter in a he said she said couple situation with no physical evidence and no processing bad acts on the person being look at, charges should not be allow to be file at all.

As how do you find someone guilty beyond a reasonable doubt by just weighing the statements of two people or perhaps even just one person?

Being able to be convincing before a jury have as must to do with guilt or innocent as being able to win a trial by combat did in by-gone days.

In addition, yes that mean that rapists will go free but it will also mean that innocents men will not be send to prison because the accuser could be more convincing telling falsehoods then the innocent person can be telling the truth.




failures art
 
  1  
Reply Tue 3 Aug, 2010 03:26 am
@firefly,
firefly wrote:

No criminal laws are written to specifically take into account psychological trauma to the victim of the crime. The laws describe only the actions that constitute a violation of the law. And offenders are charged only with the laws they have actually broken. The psychological impact of the crime on the victim is not part of the offense, or even part of the seriousness of the crime.

For instance, if you enter my house, without my consent, and remove my property, without my consent, you will be charged with the crime of burglary. How your crime psychologically or emotionally affected me, as the victim, isn't part of what you are charged with or punished for. I might have all sorts of traumatic reactions as a result of your burglary (a feeling of being unsafe in my home, nightmares about someone breaking in again, etc.), but you will still be charged only with burglary.

I think it is really the same with sexual offenses. They may be graded in terms of the degree of physical assault involved, with those involving more serious physical penetrations of the victim's bodies as carrying harsher penalties. So forced sexual intercourse (either male on male or male on female) is punished more harshly than forced fondling of the genitals or breasts, because it involves penetration of the body--the assault on the body, and the physical trauma to the victim is greater with intercourse than it is with fondling.

So rapes are among the most serious types of sexual assaults--they involve penetrations of the bodies of the victim with a penis. In some places, like England, the term "rape" is used only with a male offender and a female victim. In other places, the male on male forced anal intercourse is also legally regarded as rape. Even where the male on male situation is not legally called a "rape" (in NYS state, for instance, it is called "deviate sexual intercourse" and I think it is a violation of a sodomy law) it is now regarded with the legal seriousness and punishments that would go along with a similar rape charge.

You are quite right that laws are not written to the trauma of the victim, however you are measuring the severity of sexual assaults as the barometer for the law. By your standard, being penetrated is the MOST traumatic form of sexual assault. How can you support this? Either of us could imagine forms of sexual assault that do not involve being penetrated which are equally or even more traumatic (physically and emotionally). Do I need to convince you of this?

My point is simple, if the degree of assualt is what makes the law, then justice can't be served by creating a highest form of sexual assualt and then creating a catch all for everything else.

firefly wrote:

Quote:
Please compare the violence and trauma of a person who has been forcibly entered with a penis versus a person forcibly entered with a police baton. Please compare the psychological nature of the aggressors in both cases.


There is no way of comparing the psychological nature of the aggressors. That is not a relevant factor of the law. The law simply refers to the act committed.

Sure, but come court time I think this is a measure of justice.

If the person who uses his penis gets more time than the person who enters with a police baton, is our justice system working?

firefly wrote:

An object can cause considerable physical damage, much more than penetration with a penis might cause. Because this type of assault is not called a rape does not mean it is not punished as severely as the crime of rape is punished. It is punished just as severely.

Why do we need a separate law?

firefly wrote:

Quote:

When the woman or man who is forcibly entered with a non-penis confesses they were raped, are you going to correct them? Are you going to tell me that you're going to place your hand on their shoulder and tell them "I'm sorry, I think you mean that you were sexually assaulted. You weren't raped." No. I don't believe you would.


First you applaud Canada for doing away with the term "rape" and using "sexual assault" instead, and now you are saying we need the legal term "rape"? Rolling Eyes Funny you should say that, because I read that, since Canada stopped using the term "rape", that the sentences, for that same crime, are not quite as severe. So there is an emotional weight to the term "rape" which might argue in favor of retaining it.

I applaud Canada for consolidating the terms. I don't object to the use of the word "rape." You're probably right. The word "rape" engenders the full severity of the crime. However there is no reason that the use of this terms demands that we create a secondary class of offense.

firefly wrote:

In ordinary everyday speech we may not always use terms in the exact way as the law does. Because the person feels they have been "raped" with an object, doesn't mean that their attacker will be charged with a rape.

We don't need to stagnate on this point. I think I've made it clear that I feel they should be prosecuted for rape.

firefly wrote:

Most sexual assault laws distinguish between unwanted penetration of the body by a penis or by an object. They are two different types of crimes. Penetration by an object is not legally designated as "rape". In NYS, for instance, it is called Aggravated Sexual Abuse, and there are various degrees of this crime.
Quote:

S 130.70 Aggravated sexual abuse in the first degree.
1. A person is guilty of aggravated sexual abuse in the first degree
when he inserts a foreign object in the vagina, urethra, penis or rectum
of another person causing physical injury to such person:
(a) By forcible compulsion; or
(b) When the other person is incapable of consent by reason of being
physically helpless; or
(c) When the other person is less than eleven years old.
2. Conduct performed for a valid medical purpose does not violate the
provisions of this section.
Aggravated sexual abuse in the first degree is a class B felony.


Notice that crime is a class B felony. But, so is this one...

Quote:
S 130.35 Rape in the first degree.
A person is guilty of rape in the first degree when he or she engages
in sexual intercourse with another person:
1. By forcible compulsion; or
2. Who is incapable of consent by reason of being physically helpless;
or
3. Who is less than eleven years old; or
4. Who is less than thirteen years old and the actor is eighteen years
old or more.
Rape in the first degree is a class B felony.


So, what difference does it make whether it is called rape if a penis is involved, but aggravated sexual abuse if an object is involved? The important thing is that the crime being charged fits the description of what was done to the victim. One is not a "lesser" crime compared to the other--they are both class B felonies, and carry the same sorts of punishments.

The difference between rape being defined by the penis is to me similar to the difference in how rape is viewed once we lifted the notion that women were property of their husbands.

Placing a penis in a woman against her consent was theft at one point, and not rape. If a woman had sex forced on her and the aggressor was charged and convicted with the same penalty as rape is defined, would you object that it was called theft. I believe we all would.

You're appealing to a tradition that I think should be challenged (similar to the older tradition of viewing rape as theft). Saying that the charge fits the description of the crime is one thing, but I don't think our legal language as is provides a charge that is adequate for a man seeking justice for an non-consensual act.

E.g. - A man who is coerced into non-consensual sex.

If a [gender] boss uses coercive measures to get a [opposite gender] employee to sleep with them, it doesn't have to be violent for the law to consider it rape. We have established this. If however the gender of the employee is male, the charge is different? That is not measuring the description of the crime to the charge. If the description is written to gender, it's deficient.

firefly wrote:

This is a description of all the sex offenses in NYS. It really covers everything.
http://ypdcrime.com/penal.law/article130.htm

Also, you have to remember that there are different degrees of all of the types of sexual assaults. Some rapes carry harsher penalties than other rapes,etc. And you can have more than one count on some of these criminal charges. And sometimes force is accomplished by using a gun or knife. So those weapons charges are added. The victim might gave been held captive during the crime. That's another charge. The D.A. breaks down every element of what was done to the victim and charges the offender with as many different crimes as he thinks he can get convictions on. So just because a serious sexual assault isn't called a "rape" doesn't mean the offender won't wind up severely punished, even more severely punished than someone convicted of rape.

Discussing legal language is good FF, but this topic is much larger than the law. It is emotional and social. I'm not really interested in offering a consolation such as don't worry this charge is really good too.

I think if you met a victim of a sexual assualt (as you've repeatedly defined) you'd not dare correct their language if they said they were raped. I think that is the social moral conscience on this issue. If you wouldn't do it, why support laws that do?

firefly wrote:

Have you read the actual sexual assault laws in Canada? I'm not sure that they actually say what you think they say. I can't find them on the internet, with descriptions of the actual sexual assaults and the types of punishments they carry. It may be that rape is still rape, as a sexual assault crime involving penile penetration, but they are just not calling it "rape". The "gender neutrality" may simply be that it covers male on male penetration with a penis, as well as penetration of a female. And, if that is the case, they would not necessarily regard forced sexual intercourse of a male victim by a female as the same crime as when a male penetrates the female without consent. Do you know for sure how they treat these crimes?

I will do some reading and research to be sure FF. You are correct in that I should be sure before endorsing their legal language. The summaries I've read so far have lead me to believe what I have posted here, but I'll read further and post in return.

firefly wrote:

I think our laws are really fair to men who are victims of sexual assaults by females. The problem isn't with the law, it's getting people to report the crime, and having enough evidence to prove it. Like the man who went to the police and said his neighbor forced him to have intercourse with her. The man isn't bruised or beaten, and he has no evidence that the sex act even occurred, let alone that it was non consensual. This is the same problem that women have had in terms of being believed, except women usually have the man's DNA as part of the rape kit evidence, so they can at least establish that sexual intercourse took place.

Not all female rape victims arrive bruised and beaten, and neither a woman or man who reports to the police without being bruised/beaten/injured should be taken any less seriously. Male reporting is down in the USA, but the link from the Canadian Clearing House I posted shows that male reporting on sexual assualt is higher up north. I won't assert as conjecture that this is specifically about having the legal language they do, but we can certainly entertain the notion that if Canadian laws are written such that a person feels enabled to use the criminal justice system, they are more likely to report to the police.

firefly wrote:

But, when there is no other evidence or witnesses, and it boils down to just he said/she said, how can you establish non consent, particularly in date rape situations? It's very tough. The police said they investigated the man's complaint. Well, if they spoke to the neighbor, she could deny she even had sex with the man. If she admitted to having sex, she could say he initiated it and it was consensual. So the police are left with no case, they can't arrest the neighbor without any evidence. That's what happens with most of the date rapes or acquaintance rapes reported by women. Without some evidence of force, or non consent, these cases can't go to court. So, even though men may be forced to have intercourse with females, they would have a tough time proving it wasn't consensual. But that puts them in the same boat that female victims have been in. So, finally we have gender equality.Smile

The things you describe are good things in terms of how we investigate these crimes, but if we are to create parallel laws, we open the door for double standards. As we have come to say, "separate is rarely ever equal."

firefly wrote:

I do think that women might sexually assault men for the same reasons that men assault women. I do think it is about dominance, power and control. I don't think it's really about sexual gratification with either gender. The notion of "sex starved females" raping men sounds like a male myth to me. Forcing someone to submit to unwanted sex is a power issue with both genders. The domination becomes an important part of the gratification, and may be the main source of gratification.

Agreed. I arbor the media language surrounding female sexual offenders. Stories are reported as "sex scandals." I reject the "sex starved" angle as well. Rape is about asserting control over another person(s), or perhaps more sinister rape is about taking away someone else control.

A
R
T
failures art
 
  1  
Reply Tue 3 Aug, 2010 03:33 am
@Intrepid,
Thanks Intrepid.

So I'm clear because it was confusing to me.

Quote:
A study done in Winnipeg in the mid-1970s indicated that only 10% of original charges resulted in convictions, 20% were reduced to lesser charges, and more than 70% of the charges were filtered out of the criminal
justice system (Gunn & Minch, 1988).


Just so I read this correctly, the study was done in 1970's but the quoted portion is from a publication from 1988? I was trying to make sure I understood if these numbers were from before or after. I believe this reads as these are the figures from prior to the new laws (that I have been talking aboot).

A
R
Thanks
Intrepid
 
  1  
Reply Tue 3 Aug, 2010 04:51 am
@failures art,
failures art wrote:

Thanks Intrepid.

So I'm clear because it was confusing to me.

Quote:
A study done in Winnipeg in the mid-1970s indicated that only 10% of original charges resulted in convictions, 20% were reduced to lesser charges, and more than 70% of the charges were filtered out of the criminal
justice system (Gunn & Minch, 1988).


Just so I read this correctly, the study was done in 1970's but the quoted portion is from a publication from 1988? I was trying to make sure I understood if these numbers were from before or after. I believe this reads as these are the figures from prior to the new laws (that I have been talking aboot).

A
R
Thanks


Hi ART

Yes, the publication was in 1988 and the statistics were from a study in the 1970's.

In the case of sexual assault, as in other crimes, the determination by the responding officers and the investigators (they may be one and the same) also has a bearing on what happens. At least 5 - 10% of sexual assaults are deemed to be false by the officers, based on statistics. Whether the determination by the officers is correct is, of course, not known.
0 Replies
 
firefly
 
  1  
Reply Tue 3 Aug, 2010 01:02 pm
@failures art,
Quote:

Discussing legal language is good FF, but this topic is much larger than the law. It is emotional and social. I'm not really interested in offering a consolation such as don't worry this charge is really good too.


I agree with you that the topic is much larger than the law, and that's why it touches on emotional and social issues that go beyond the specific laws.

But, failures art, you are complaining about the law. You seem to want all sexual offenses considered equally egregious and, therefore, charged and punished identically. But the law doesn't work that way, not just regarding sexual offenses, but regarding all crimes. All sexual offense laws decscribe specific actions the offender has engaged in. And some of those actions are regarded as more serious than others because they involve a greater degree of bodily harm, physical trauma, and injury to a victim. And they should carry a more substantial penalty.

Quote:
You are quite right that laws are not written to the trauma of the victim, however you are measuring the severity of sexual assaults as the barometer for the law. By your standard, being penetrated is the MOST traumatic form of sexual assault. How can you support this? Either of us could imagine forms of sexual assault that do not involve being penetrated which are equally or even more traumatic (physically and emotionally). Do I need to convince you of this?

My point is simple, if the degree of assault is what makes the law, then justice can't be served by creating a highest form of sexual assault and then creating a catch all for everything else.


This isn't my standard, it is the standard of existing law. A sexual assault that involves penetration of the victim's body, by either a penis or an object, is considered the most serious, and I think you will find that true globally. I looked through that entire list of all the things classified as sexual offenses in NYS and I do not see any other sexual offenses that could cause an equivalent degree of physical trauma, pain, and injury when compared to the offenses involving penetration with a penis or object. And those other sexual offenses are not "catch all", they are all separate and distinct actions toward a victim which an offender could be charged with.

The law has to separate out different actions. An offender can only be charged with offenses that meet the physical description of what he or she actually did. It makes no sense, either legally or logically, to lump together penetrations of the victim's body by a penis and by an object. They are quite different acts. In one case, a part of the offender's body, the penis, is used to penetrate, and, in the other, it is an inanimate object. But, despite the fact that these crimes have different names, they are of equivalent severity and carry equivalent punishments.

I am not sure why it matters to you that one type of penetration is called rape and the other is called aggravated sexual assault. Justice is served when both carry equal penalties for the damages and physical trauma and injury inflicted on the victim. The offender who uses a police baton to penetrate the victim is just as severely punished as the one who uses a penis, in fact, the one who uses the baton may be even more severely punished if he or she caused bodily injury with the baton. Not all degrees of rape are that severely punished, some are, but some aren't.

Quote:
The difference between rape being defined by the penis is to me similar to the difference in how rape is viewed once we lifted the notion that women were property of their husbands...

You're appealing to a tradition that I think should be challenged (similar to the older tradition of viewing rape as theft). Saying that the charge fits the description of the crime is one thing, but I don't think our legal language as is provides a charge that is adequate for a man seeking justice for an non-consensual act


Rape, as a crime of forced intercourse committed by a man, with his penis, against a female victim, has a long history in the law (and in religions). It describes a very specific act that is widely understood and agreed on as a crime. Beyond the law, this act against the female victim encompasses all sorts of other things people in varying parts of the world have concerns about--notions about virginity, family honor, the marital "rights" of a husband to force sex with his wife, etc. There is also another fact that can enter in, which the law really doesn't explicitly consider, and that is the fact that a pregnancy can occur as a result of this unwanted intercourse, and that is not true of other types of sexual assaults. Not only may a female be forced to have sexual intercourse against her will, she may wind up impregnated against her will.

There have been changes made in the laws to include male victims of a non consensual act that includes penetration by a penis--male on male anal rape.
This was, and is, an attempt to provide gender equality for an equivalent crime against a male victim. In some places the crime against the male is called "rape" and in other places it is called "forced deviate sexual intercourse" ( because of a view of anal sex as "unnatural"). In either case, it is regarded as seriously as the crime against the female, and it is punished accordingly. So gender equality has been achieved for victims of similar crimes.

What you would like is for the crime of forced sexual intercourse, with a female offender and a male victim, to be considered rape, and identical to the act of forced intercourse with a female victim. I'm not sure that they are identical acts. In the case of the female victim, her body is penetrated with the penis and, in the case of the male victim, no penetration, or invasion of his body has occurred. I'm not even sure that both victims would even experience a similar degree of physical pain and trauma from the intercourse because of the gender differences. Both situations, those with the male victim, and those with the female victim, involve forced intercourse, but they do not involve precisely the same act by the offender. The female isn't inserting anything into the male body when she forces him to have sexual intercourse.

I think the crime against the male victim is a different crime than the one against the female in terms of forced sexual intercourse. I think the crimes should have separate names and not both be called "rape". But I think that they should carry similar penalties. I think that in some places the crime of forced intercourse with a male victim and a female offender may also be called "forced deviant intercourse" to distinguish it from the crime with a female victim, but I'm not entirely sure about that. Because it seems that women aren't being tried for this sort of crime, it's hard to find out what kinds of charges would actually be used in such a case. And, realistically, a man would be much, much less likely to be the victim of the more brutal stranger rapes that warrant the most severe rape charges. I do want to see equal justice for a male victim. I'm more concerned that the penalties be similar for similar crimes against male and female victims than that the legal charges have the same name. In the case of penetration with objects, there is already no distinction made on the basis of the gender of the victims, and there is no assumption that the offender would be male--such an act can be done by either a man or a woman.

I can understand why you think it's unfair that an act of forced intercourse should be considered differently depending on the gender of the victim. I think it should have a legally different name than the crime with the female victim for the reasons I've already stated. But I also am not sure I'd have a really strong objection if both were called rape, although I think most of the cases with male victims would fall into the date rape/acquaintance rape category. And those are the hardest cases to prove in court for female victims, and it would likely be even harder to prove when the victims are adult males.

Seriously, what more should the police have done for that man who alleged he was "raped" by his neighbor. Beyond talking to the neighbor, what more, realistically could they have done? There was no evidence of sexual contact, so how could they find any evidence of rape? This is where the problem is. The problem really isn't in the way the laws are written. A D.A. can't take a case to trial without evidence, they can't even lodge charges against someone without evidence. This is the dilemma that female victims have been in. They can at least show that the sexual intercourse took place, but it is hard to demonstrate non consent with date and acquaintance rapes.

Quote:

If a [gender] boss uses coercive measures to get a [opposite gender] employee to sleep with them, it doesn't have to be violent for the law to consider it rape. We have established this. If however the gender of the employee is male, the charge is different? That is not measuring the description of the crime to the charge. If the description is written to gender, it's deficient


I think this is sexual harassment in the workplace and not rape, regardless of the genders involved. If a boss says you'll lose your job if you don't have sexual intercourse with him/her, you aren't being forced into a sex act at that precise moment. You can lodge a sexual harassment complaint, or quit the job, etc. the sex isn't being forced in the legal sense of forced intercourse, but you are being threatened with your job. If your boss grabs you, throws you down, ignores the fact you are saying, "No", and has sexual intercourse with you anyway, well that's a different story. Then it would be non consensual sexual intercourse.

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Thanks for posting that info, Intrepid. It was very helpful.
firefly
 
  1  
Reply Tue 3 Aug, 2010 01:17 pm
@ossobuco,
osso, did you report your rape? I don't mean to pry, but it is germain to the topic. Feel free to ignore the question if it's something you don't want to talk about.
0 Replies
 
joefromchicago
 
  4  
Reply Tue 3 Aug, 2010 01:28 pm
@BillRM,
BillRM wrote:
The main focus is changing the way photo IDs and lineups are done.

Well, as I understand it, most rapes are not committed by strangers but rather by people who are known to the victim. So reform of the way lineups are done wouldn't have much effect. But then, this is the type of reform that would apply to any crime, not just to criminal sexual assault. What safeguards would you apply specifically to sexual assault cases, as opposed to criminal cases in general?

BillRM wrote:
It should also be drill into the police and the court system that by all the scientific studies on victims IDing attackers had shown how very unreliable they are and therefore such “evidence” should be of secondary important and no case should be brought base on such alone.

Apart from anecdotes and your own generalized anxieties, do you know of any studies that show that the victims of criminal sexual assault are any more likely than the victims of other crimes to misidentify defendants?

BillRM wrote:
As I said, all this can be found in details along with the studies by a fast google search.

I'm not going to do your work for you. If you have evidence for your position, it's your job to find it.

BillRM wrote:
As how do you find someone guilty beyond a reasonable doubt by just weighing the statements of two people or perhaps even just one person?

It happens all the time. Are you suggesting that a rape conviction should only be supported by a bystander's testimony?
firefly
 
  2  
Reply Tue 3 Aug, 2010 01:44 pm
@BillRM,
Quote:
As how do you find someone guilty beyond a reasonable doubt by just weighing the statements of two people or perhaps even just one person?

Being able to be convincing before a jury have as must to do with guilt or innocent as being able to win a trial by combat did in by-gone days.

In addition, yes that mean that rapists will go free but it will also mean that innocents men will not be send to prison because the accuser could be more convincing telling falsehoods then the innocent person can be telling the truth.


This goes on in trials all the time, not just with rape trials. Jurors listen to witnesses, experts, the victim, and only sometimes, the defendant, if he or she decides to take the stand. And it is the jurors who decide who is to be believed and which evidence is most compelling. Most of the time, the defendant does not take the stand to give testimony. It is up to the prosecution to prove their case--the defendant is presumed innocent.

D.A.s don't take cases to trial unless they think they can get a conviction. So, those he said/she said cases, where non consent cannot be clearly established for the jury, either won't ever get to court, or they won't result in a conviction. I think you have to have some faith in the jury system, and some belief that jurors won't convict unless they are certain, beyond a reasonable doubt, that the defendant is guilty. If they are uncertain, the benefit of the doubt goes to the defendant. I think jurors do take their obligations very seriously.

There are miscarriages of justice with all crimes. Innocent people are sometimes convicted. There is no reason to believe this occurs with any degree of frequency, or that it happens more often with rape than with other crimes.

I can't see the purpose of constantly belaboring this point the way you do. Sometimes the wrong person gets convicted. No one wants to see that happen. It is a tragic situation. It also means that a real rapist may still be roaming the streets. Anything we can do to prevent innocent people from being convicted we should be doing.
Intrepid
 
  1  
Reply Tue 3 Aug, 2010 02:18 pm
@firefly,
Hi Firefly. Billy has me on ignore so I will post this to you.


According to research, almost 5% to 10% of the US prison population are factually innocent of the crimes they were convicted. What this means is that almost 200,000 convicts are innocent; 90% of which pled guilty of their crime. It has been assumed by the public in recent years that false accusations, false evidence, and wrongful convictions are only part of unfortunate inconsistencies in a supposedly well functioning justice system. It is also quite unacceptable for most of us why a suspect would plead guilty of a crime he/she didn't actually commit. However through recent research here are the top reasons why wrongful convictions happen.

1. Eye Witness Error - Due to confusion or faulty memory, eye witnesses commit mistakes in pointing out the real suspect. There are police investigators who manipulate witnesses to convict a target suspect by using underhand techniques such as six photo spread of similar looking photos and composite sketches of the alleged suspect.

2. Junk Science - This is caused by mishandled or fraudulent evidence such as debunked theories and erroneous DNA matching. Presenting unqualified experts who tamper the results of tests either through concealing or faking.

3. Government Misconduct - This refers to both police and prosecutor misconduct. Police officers have been reported to randomly pick suspects without valid evidence and also force false confessions from through manipulation. There are also some cases when the prosecution knowingly tolerate faulty evidence and false confessions just to compel a guilty verdict.

4. Bad Defense Lawyering - Lawyers who simply do not perform their duties properly. This includes lack of proper investigation, no hiring of experts, no effective cross examination, and no objections or arguments during the court trial. Contrary to popular belief, this is applicable for both public and private attorneys.

5. False Confessions - Witnesses who have experience police torture and/or bribery are likely to provide false testimonies. In rare cases, mentally retarded witnesses may also give out false confessions.

6. Snitch Testimony - Similar to the bottom fishing technique, police officers often search the jails for snitches willing to frame suspects in exchange for sentence reduction.

7. Others - Hearsay and other insubstantial evidence fall under this category.



Read more: http://www.articlesbase.com/criminal-articles/why-wrongful-convictions-happen-1017141.html#ixzz0vZltdUXr
Under Creative Commons License: Attribution

0 Replies
 
failures art
 
  1  
Reply Tue 3 Aug, 2010 03:19 pm
@firefly,
firefly wrote:

Quote:

Discussing legal language is good FF, but this topic is much larger than the law. It is emotional and social. I'm not really interested in offering a consolation such as don't worry this charge is really good too.


I agree with you that the topic is much larger than the law, and that's why it touches on emotional and social issues that go beyond the specific laws.

But, failures art, you are complaining about the law. You seem to want all sexual offenses considered equally egregious and, therefore, charged and punished identically.

We haven't arrived at how I think things should be punished yet, really. I've said that parallel laws shouldn't be written. I've not said that the law shouldn't have degrees.

firefly wrote:

But the law doesn't work that way, not just regarding sexual offenses, but regarding all crimes. All sexual offense laws decscribe specific actions the offender has engaged in. And some of those actions are regarded as more serious than others because they involve a greater degree of bodily harm, physical trauma, and injury to a victim. And they should carry a more substantial penalty.

If what you say is true, what is the legal difference between genital mutilation by means of teeth (the aggressor's) versus with a sharp object versus fire? Would the penalty be greater/lesser or equal to a person who has been drugged and penetrated?

firefly wrote:

Quote:
You are quite right that laws are not written to the trauma of the victim, however you are measuring the severity of sexual assaults as the barometer for the law. By your standard, being penetrated is the MOST traumatic form of sexual assault. How can you support this? Either of us could imagine forms of sexual assault that do not involve being penetrated which are equally or even more traumatic (physically and emotionally). Do I need to convince you of this?

My point is simple, if the degree of assault is what makes the law, then justice can't be served by creating a highest form of sexual assault and then creating a catch all for everything else.


This isn't my standard, it is the standard of existing law. A sexual assault that involves penetration of the victim's body, by either a penis or an object, is considered the most serious, and I think you will find that true globally.

Yes, I will find that globally. I'm challenging this idea.

firefly wrote:

I looked through that entire list of all the things classified as sexual offenses in NYS and I do not see any other sexual offenses that could cause an equivalent degree of physical trauma, pain, and injury when compared to the offenses involving penetration with a penis or object. And those other sexual offenses are not "catch all", they are all separate and distinct actions toward a victim which an offender could be charged with.

See above RE: Genital mutilation.

firefly wrote:

The law has to separate out different actions. An offender can only be charged with offenses that meet the physical description of what he or she actually did. It makes no sense, either legally or logically, to lump together penetrations of the victim's body by a penis and by an object. They are quite different acts. In one case, a part of the offender's body, the penis, is used to penetrate, and, in the other, it is an inanimate object. But, despite the fact that these crimes have different names, they are of equivalent severity and carry equivalent punishments.

In murder we don't distinguish between the silent death by poison or sleeping pills with the violent deaths accomplished by means of firearm or a knife. The law does not separate by actions. We do not have stabbing laws and gunshot laws.

As for physical descriptions, how about defining the physical act of sex/intercourse, and defining consent? Define rape as non-consensual intercourse. Would this be inaccurate? No. Would this still protect women? Yes. Would it additionally protect men? Yes.

firefly wrote:

I am not sure why it matters to you that one type of penetration is called rape and the other is called aggravated sexual assault. Justice is served when both carry equal penalties for the damages and physical trauma and injury inflicted on the victim.

Justice is served if equal penalties are given. IF.

This is the danger of legal parallels.
firefly wrote:

The offender who uses a police baton to penetrate the victim is just as severely punished as the one who uses a penis, in fact, the one who uses the baton may be even more severely punished if he or she caused bodily injury with the baton. Not all degrees of rape are that severely punished, some are, but some aren't.

As you mentioned above, globally rape is described as the most severe, and globally rape is a penis penetrating. If we write our legal framework such that this is the greatest offense, we are limited in out capability to sentence equally or greater offenses that do not involve penetration.

firefly wrote:

Rape, as a crime of forced intercourse committed by a man, with his penis, against a female victim, has a long history in the law (and in religions). It describes a very specific act that is widely understood and agreed on as a crime.

Explain why the definition must include that it is committed by a man. I'm still interested if you would personally tell a man he was not raped if intercourse was forced on him by a woman. I'm still interested if you personally tell a woman that was penetrated by an object other than a penis that she was not raped. I doubt you would. I think very few would. Further I think the reason we would not is because greater than some legal language, we globally understand rape socially/culturally to be more than the physical act. Further, since we both agree on the nature of the crime to be about control and power over another individual (as opposed to being about sexual satiation), it seems incorrect to focus solely on the physical act (which is the most sexual of all the elements of the crime).

firefly wrote:

Beyond the law, this act against the female victim encompasses all sorts of other things people in varying parts of the world have concerns about--notions about virginity, family honor, the marital "rights" of a husband to force sex with his wife, etc.

We can address these without making the definition gender exclusive.

firefly wrote:

There is also another fact that can enter in, which the law really doesn't explicitly consider, and that is the fact that a pregnancy can occur as a result of this unwanted intercourse, and that is not true of other types of sexual assaults. Not only may a female be forced to have sexual intercourse against her will, she may wind up impregnated against her will.

This is 100% true, but rape that does not end up in pregnancy and rape that does are both still rape. They aren't separate crimes. Impregnation/fertilization is a physical act that can be described is it not? If the law demands that the crime is described accurately, what consistency is there in equating two rapes where such a huge physical difference exists? Now I don't want to create a class of sexual offense such as a "super-rape," but based on your argument that physical descriptions define separate crimes, how could these crimes be considered the same? I think in that you ca see why we don't need to create yet another parallel crime/law for this.

firefly wrote:

There have been changes made in the laws to include male victims of a non consensual act that includes penetration by a penis--male on male anal rape.
This was, and is, an attempt to provide gender equality for an equivalent crime against a male victim. In some places the crime against the male is called "rape" and in other places it is called "forced deviate sexual intercourse" ( because of a view of anal sex as "unnatural"). In either case, it is regarded as seriously as the crime against the female, and it is punished accordingly. So gender equality has been achieved for victims of similar crimes.

Our ability to prosecute same sex rapes on men is a step in the right direction, but it is NOT equality.

We've not really gone near it yet, but female-female rape is undefined by the laws you commonly cite. Would you tell a female victim of a female aggressor that she was not raped? I think what is globally recognized as rape is more general than what the law has upheld. It can't be said that the justice system has a excellent report card on rape convictions, so why appeal to what has been defined historically? Isn't what has been defined historically been a lot of the problem for rape victims?

firefly wrote:

What you would like is for the crime of forced sexual intercourse, with a female offender and a male victim, to be considered rape, and identical to the act of forced intercourse with a female victim. I'm not sure that they are identical acts.

Shooting someone and poisoning someone are different acts. Same crime. Identical acts are not requisite.

firefly wrote:

In the case of the female victim, her body is penetrated with the penis and, in the case of the male victim, no penetration, or invasion of his body has occurred.

Neither of us would correct him if he said he was raped. His body would be violated, and his control (lack of consent) removed either by...

(1) chemical impairment
(2) coercion into compliance
(3) physical restraint into compliance

firefly wrote:

I'm not even sure that both victims would even experience a similar degree of physical pain and trauma from the intercourse because of the gender differences.

I'm not sure this is the direction you want to go. Not all rapes assume the violent model. How many rape stories exist where a woman says no, and then is coerced into compliance (not consent)? A rape victim may even remove her own clothes. She may act in exactly the way that she believe she needs to act to avoid violence or desertion or bribery or etc etc etc. In these cases, physical pain is not the identifier I think you want to endorse.

Additionally, a man's genitals are easily wounded. Having a person force intercourse on a man could result in various injuries. We see rape cases with women where the damage is severe enough to damage her reproductive ability. The same can happen to a man. How much more severe does the degree need to be?

firefly wrote:

Both situations, those with the male victim, and those with the female victim, involve forced intercourse, but they do not involve precisely the same act by the offender. The female isn't inserting anything into the male body when she forces him to have sexual intercourse.

I'm obviously not defining rape solely by being penetrated with a penis. I also pointed out how in other laws non-identical acts have the same criminal definition. Why not use rape as i defined above?

Non-consensual intercourse.

firefly wrote:

I think the crime against the male victim is a different crime than the one against the female in terms of forced sexual intercourse. I think the crimes should have separate names and not both be called "rape". But I think that they should carry similar penalties.

What unique name do you give a woman forcing intercourse on a man without his consent?

firefly wrote:

I think that in some places the crime of forced intercourse with a male victim and a female offender may also be called "forced deviant intercourse" to distinguish it from the crime with a female victim, but I'm not entirely sure about that.

If this is true, what defines "deviant intercourse" such that a man cannot do it to a woman? If penetrating someone with a penis is rape, and only that is rape, what specific feature would be female specific? The crime it would seem would have to be written to say something to the effect of "to accept penetration from the penis of a non-consenting partner." So what do you call this?

firefly wrote:

Because it seems that women aren't being tried for this sort of crime, it's hard to find out what kinds of charges would actually be used in such a case.

If there is no legal definition to include these cases, you won't find them. Similarly, if you look for rape cases from the era of women being the property of their husbands what will you find? Theft cases.

firefly wrote:

And, realistically, a man would be much, much less likely to be the victim of the more brutal stranger rapes that warrant the most severe rape charges.

Most likely, yes. We should all be happy anytime any potential victim is able to escape a rape. The fact that many don't or are too afraid to try should not be held against any victim.

firefly wrote:

I do want to see equal justice for a male victim. I'm more concerned that the penalties be similar for similar crimes against male and female victims than that the legal charges have the same name. In the case of penetration with objects, there is already no distinction made on the basis of the gender of the victims, and there is no assumption that the offender would be male--such an act can be done by either a man or a woman.

We are agreed on this. We aren't forced to choose though. We can have this and gender neutral protections.

firefly wrote:

I can understand why you think it's unfair that an act of forced intercourse should be considered differently depending on the gender of the victim. I think it should have a legally different name than the crime with the female victim for the reasons I've already stated. But I also am not sure I'd have a really strong objection if both were called rape, although I think most of the cases with male victims would fall into the date rape/acquaintance rape category. And those are the hardest cases to prove in court for female victims, and it would likely be even harder to prove when the victims are adult males.

Even if they might loose, they deserve the chance to seek justice in the court. I agree that date/acquaintance rape is the most likely situation with an adult male victim.

firefly wrote:

Seriously, what more should the police have done for that man who alleged he was "raped" by his neighbor. Beyond talking to the neighbor, what more, realistically could they have done? There was no evidence of sexual contact, so how could they find any evidence of rape? This is where the problem is. The problem really isn't in the way the laws are written. A D.A. can't take a case to trial without evidence, they can't even lodge charges against someone without evidence. This is the dilemma that female victims have been in. They can at least show that the sexual intercourse took place, but it is hard to demonstrate non consent with date and acquaintance rapes.

It's a sad story if the man is telling the truth. I think this is an example of a hard case. I'm not upset with the police or A.D.A.s who did the investigation. I only object that if evidence goes come about someday, and they go to court, she won't be charged with rape.

As a side note, I think that during sex, a trace amount of skin cells from the vaginal walls transfer in the fluids onto the man's penis. It could be possible to do a rape kit on a man and collect DNA. I can't say I'm up to date on genetic collection techniques and forensics though.

firefly wrote:

Quote:

If a [gender] boss uses coercive measures to get a [opposite gender] employee to sleep with them, it doesn't have to be violent for the law to consider it rape. We have established this. If however the gender of the employee is male, the charge is different? That is not measuring the description of the crime to the charge. If the description is written to gender, it's deficient


I think this is sexual harassment in the workplace and not rape, regardless of the genders involved. If a boss says you'll lose your job if you don't have sexual intercourse with him/her, you aren't being forced into a sex act at that precise moment.

So if a victim complies with the bribe, it's consent? NO NO NO. It doesn't matter if the victim complies out of fear of physical violence or some other form of psychological coercion. It is NOT consent. No way.

firefly wrote:

You can lodge a sexual harassment complaint, or quit the job, etc.

And the people who don't? I won't blame a victim if they are manipulated and too scared. Some unfortunate people will selected by their aggressor specifically because they know they will be too afraid to go to an authority. Rape is about having control remember?

firefly wrote:

the sex isn't being forced in the legal sense of forced intercourse, but you are being threatened with your job. If your boss grabs you, throws you down, ignores the fact you are saying, "No", and has sexual intercourse with you anyway, well that's a different story.

The boss doesn't have to through you down. They don't have to hold you down. Their victim may even remove their clothes to comply. The sex is not consensual.

I think I've exhausted all I can contribute on this specific topic. I believe I'd only be repeating older points I've made already. I believe we both are already starting to repeat points in our posts. If you have anything else you'd like to me to consider or think about, the last word is yours on this matter.

A
R
Thanks for the engaging and polite discussion. Idea
firefly
 
  1  
Reply Tue 3 Aug, 2010 09:50 pm
@failures art,
You are approaching the discussion we've been having from a somewhat odd perspective with your insistence on "equality" with regard to the treatment of victims. I think you have the whole thing backward. The law maintains equality for defendants, not victims.

Everyone accused of a crime receives equal due process under the law. The law applies to all, regardless of gender (or age, or race, etc.). The law can be written, however, to specify that it only applies to a certain group of victims, or carries different penalties in the case of certain victims. And this is the case with sexual offenses as well. The most obvious examples are differences in certain sexual offenses when committed against children. Depending on the age of the child, for instance, the penalties can be much harsher for the same act. Or entirely different laws may apply to victims under a certain age. Recently, in certain states, the penalties for sexual assaults, particularly rape, have been increased when the victim is over 65.

Therefore, the idea that the law has to somehow reflect "equality" of victims, or for victims, seems very odd. Some laws carry the same penalty regardless of victim characteristics, but others do not. And there is no reason that a law cannot be written to afford greater protection to certain group of victims. You are completely overlooking the fact that a primary purpose of the laws and their punishments, is to act as a deterrent against the crimes. Certain groups of victims can be better protected by specific laws and harsher punishments. I am in favor of maintaining these "inequalities".

I think that may well be true with the crime of rape. You may want to challenge the idea, but rape is most commonly defined, pretty much worldwide, as forcible sexual intercourse with a female victim. It is understood that the offender in this situation is a male. We may use the term "rape" in everyday vernacular to refer to any experience where we feel really violated, but that is not the same as the crime of rape. Rape, in the law, has always described a specific action (forcible vaginal sexual intercourse) and a specific victim (female). It is a crime of violence, specifically directed toward females of all ages. In addition to the forced sex act, victims are often beaten, badly injured or killed, not just because they resisted, but because the act of rape itself is an aggressive act toward the victim which is often accompanied by other acts of violence.

Ironically, in discussing the topic with you, you have convinced me we need to keep the crime which is called "rape" in its present form. I do not want to see it inclusive of male victims, nor do I want to see it include other bodily openings besides the vagina. You have reminded me why we need to have rape laws which refer to particular crimes against females. I do not want to see these laws, and their punishments, diluted in order to satisfy some nebulous need for "equality". The crime itself involves unwanted penetration of a vagina with a penis. I see no reason to alter a definition of a law, or the act described in the law, because it excludes men as possible victims. That makes absolutely no sense to me. This particular law, like other other laws, does not have to include all possible groups of victims.

There is no reason we cannot have a separate law to refer to the crime of forced or non consensual sexual intercourse when the victim is male and the offender is female, with punishments appropriate for that crime and its circumstances. And I am sure we already have laws on the books which cover that type of crime. We already have laws for sexual offenses involving anal penetration and penetration with objects. In the case of anal penetration, the victims can be either male or female, and, in the case of penetration with objects, both the offenders and the victims can be of either gender (which includes female on female penetrative sexual assaults). We have laws to cover just about all sexual offenses one person can commit on another (including animals and dead bodies as victims).

All sexual offense laws describe specific behaviors which that law prohibits. If the crime of rape refers to forcible or non consenting sexual intercourse, with penile penetration by the offender, then it cannot include the crime of non consenting sexual intercourse with a male victim. The law prohibiting that type of crime should be called something other than "rape". This is not a civil rights issue. There is no logical or legal reason not to have different laws that describe different actions which are prohibited. If the law prohibits putting a penis in a vagina without consent, then that's what that law pertains to.

You also do not really seem to understand the laws pertaining to sexual offenses, and I wonder if you have really read them (I posted the link to the NYS laws so we could have a common frame of reference). For instance, you ask questions like this one:
Quote:

If what you say is true, what is the legal difference between genital mutilation by means of teeth (the aggressor's) versus with a sharp object versus fire? Would the penalty be greater/lesser or equal to a person who has been drugged and penetrated?


Genital mutilation is not a sexual offense in NYS except in this specific instance
Quote:
S 130.85 Female genital mutilation.
1. A person is guilty of female genital mutilation when:
(a) a person knowingly circumcises, excises, or infibulates the whole
or any part of the labia majora or labia minora or clitoris of another
person who has not reached eighteen years of age


Mutilation of genitalia, in all other instances, is prohibited by laws which are not considered sexual offenses. Lorena Bobbitt, for instance, who amputated her husband's penis, was not charged with a sexual offense, she was charged with malicious wounding, which could have carried a sentence of up to 20 years (which is a considerably longer sentence than certain rape convictions would carry). Ms Bobbitt, who lived in Virginia, was charged with this
Quote:
Malicious wounding as defined by the VA criminal code is the act of shooting, stabbing, cutting, wounding, or causing bodily injury with the intention to maim, injure, disfigure, disable, or kill.

the fact her crime involved the penis did not make it a sexual offense.

You also keep saying things like this
Quote:
I'm still interested if you personally tell a woman that was penetrated by an object other than a penis that she was not raped...


But, legally the crime her attacker is charged with is not rape, it's aggravated sexual assault. And she has not been "raped" by an object, she has been violated by an object.

The mother of a child who was killed by a drunk driver may say that person "murdered" her child. Or the woman whose boyfriend, in a sudden explosive rage, beat her child to death may say he "murdered" her child. But in neither instance will those offenders be charged with, or convicted of, "murder". The fact that people use certain words to describe their perception of a crime does not mean that they are using the correct legal terminology. The law is more precise than the average person.

Quote:
Not all rapes assume the violent model. How many rape stories exist where a woman says no, and then is coerced into compliance (not consent)? A rape victim may even remove her own clothes. She may act in exactly the way that she believe she needs to act to avoid violence or desertion or bribery or etc etc etc. In these cases, physical pain is not the identifier I think you want to endorse.


Let's consider how the law views "coerced" in the above example. It differs considerably from how you seem to see it.
Quote:
. "Forcible compulsion" means to compel by either:
a. use of physical force; or
b. a threat, express or implied, which places a person in fear of
immediate death or physical injury to himself, herself or another
person, or in fear that he, she or another person will immediately be
kidnapped.

So, if the woman in your example is taking off her own clothes, it would be because she either fears she will be killed or harmed, because she has been threatened or feels extremely threatened, or because she has been physically forced. So she is in a situation fraught with violence.
And you are overlooking the fact that the rape itself, the actual sexual assault, is a violent, and physically painful experience for her to endure. And she still doesn't know whether she will be harmed or even killed when her attacker is finished. Other than date rape, all other rapes require "forcibe compulsion" That lady might be taking off her clothes, but she is being forced to do it, and the threat is immediate. Her lack of consent is clear from the fact that "forcible compulsion" had to be employed.

People who are psychologically pressured into having sex by bribery, fear of losing the partner, fear of losing a job, aren't being legally raped. They may well feel pressured or coerced into having sex, but no one is raping them. The actual sex act is not forced on them. They have other options and choices. They can leave the partner, quit the job, etc. These situations are not rapes. Using sex as leverage in a relationship isn't rape.

The only thing that separates date rape from the other rape scenarios is that force need not be used, and that the woman can legally indicate and demonstrate non consent simply by saying, "No". This does not mean that physical force might not be used in a date rape situation, because it often is used. But the man is considered to have committed a rape, even if he did not use force, once the woman says, "No" and he has sexual intercourse with her anyway. A woman in this situation would not realistically comply with things, like requests to take her clothes off, unless she felt threatened or physical force was involved, and then it's no longer a date rape, it's a higher degree rape charge against the man. So, with the exception of the date rape situation, where the woman says "No" and the man thrusts his penis into her anyway, all other rape scenarios (with a conscious victim) really involve actual physical force, violence, or the threat of violence to the woman, and the sexual act itself is an assault on her body in all rape scenarios, including date rape.

In all rape situations, except where the victim cannot legally give consent, and except in the date rape situation, the "forcible compulsion" circumstances surrounding the act of intercourse, serve to demonstrate the woman's non consent to the jury. If no force was used, and she simply said, "No", her lack of consent becomes more difficult to prove in court. Sometimes it can be proven, but, most of the time, these are the cases that do not come to trial. That is why, unfortunately, so many men know they can ignore the woman's, "No", continue with unwanted sexual intercourse, and get away with rape.

In the case of men who are forced to have unwanted sexual intercourse with women, most of the time they will be in the same position as the female victim in a date rape. Either the police won't believe them, or they cannot prove their non consent in court. The solution is a higher degree of public awareness that these crimes go on, and that can be accomplished by education campaigns and even by threads like this one. Obviously, these are crimes that significantly affect female victims more than male victims, and certainly moreso in the numbers of the most violent sexual assaults. Encouraging more men to come forward and speak about their victimization by women is the first necessary step.

Discussions of any changes to existing laws is rather premature if we don't know the crimes are occuring, how the victim is affected, the types of circumstances under which the crime takes place, etc. We need this information in order to educate law enforcement, and the criminal justice system, as to what changes, if any, need to be made. That is what women did, and it was effective as consciousness raising and in getting some changes. Men now need to do the same if they would like their problems similarly understood and addressed.







0 Replies
 
firefly
 
  1  
Reply Tue 3 Aug, 2010 10:18 pm
I was astonished to read that this judge was demanding polygraph tests from both teenage female rape victims and teenage male defendants. This is ridiculous. The case has already been decided, the males were found guilty.

Quote:

Judge Orders Rape Survivors to Take Lie-Detection Test
March 19, 2010 by Shira Tarrant · 19 Comments

File this under “For Real?!”

Cleveland, Ohio Juvenile Court Judge Alison Floyd is forcing sexual assault survivors to take polygraph tests before their attackers are sentenced. To date, at least four teenage girls have been ordered to do so. All have refused.

According to reports from the Cleveland Plain Dealer, even prosecutors see the problem. Ordering sex crime survivors to undergo polygraph testing exceeds judicial authority over victims, says Assistant County Prosecutor Nicole Ellis.

Plain Dealer reporters Rachel Dissell and Leila Atassi write that Judge Floyd also “ordered the teenage boys who were accused of rape and other sex crimes in those cases to undergo polygraph examinations as part of an assessment done before the teens would be sentenced.” Although the defendants have not objected, this raises procedural concerns about due process for teens in the legal system.

But back to the sexual assault survivors. Still not sure what the problem is? Here’s the breakdown:

• The judge’s order may violate Ohio’s rape shield law, which is intended to prevent courts from effectively trying the victim instead of the defendant.

• Forcing victims to take a polygraph test violates the federal Violence Against Women Act (VAWA).

• Polygraph testing can be intimidating for rape survivors who already have difficulty in coming forward. Cleveland Rape Crisis Center president and CEO Megan O’Bryan tells Ms.:

We want to create a culture where survivors are supported in coming forward. Forced polygraph testing sends a message that survivors’ stories are not believed.

This sort of order contributes to the fact that sexual assault is a vastly underreported crime. The National Center for Victims of Crime (NCVC) indicates that a mere 39 percent of rapes or sexual assaults are reported to law enforcement agencies.

Of those assaults reported, even fewer lead to convictions, partly because of extreme delays in testing rape kits. Yet, according to a 2009 publication by researchers from The National Center for the Prosecution of Violence Against Women, false reports of sexual assault are only between 2 to 8 percent. Ashleigh Klein, a Los Angeles-based sexual assault prevention educator, points out that polygraph testing adds to problem of discouraging reporting and encouraging misinformation. She tells Ms.:

In my work I repeatedly hear the myth that women lie about rape to get back at men or because they are embarrassed by what they have done. We know that this just isn’t true. Reporting a rape and having a rape kit exam done can be extremely devastating to someone who has just experienced trauma. A very small percentage of women would voluntarily go through this invasive process and not be telling the truth.

Clearly, when it comes to sexual assault, what’s needed is more streamlined criminal justice procedure, not further blockades to victim support. We hope Judge Floyd gets the message.
http://msmagazine.com/blog/blog/2010/03/19/judge-orders-rape-survivors-to-take-lie-detection-test/


And this is an update on that same case.

Quote:

Legal Ethics
Judge Who Ordered Rape-Victim Polygraphs May Be Reconsidering
Posted Apr 27, 2010 2:49 PM CDT
By Martha Neil

An Ohio juvenile judge who ignited a firestorm of criticism by ordering young sexual assault victims to take lie-detector tests after she found their alleged attackers delinquent seems to be reconsidering whether the polygraphs were a good idea.

Although Cuyahoga County Juvenile Judge Alison Floyd hasn't commented publicly about her handling of the cases, she said in a journal entry that she ordered the lie-detector tests for a victim and the defendant in one case to resolve the "significant discrepancy" in their stories and "verify his truthfulness to determine an appropriate treatment services and an appropriate victim and community safety plan," reports the Cleveland Plain Dealer.

At the same time, however, she acknowledged that she lacks jurisdiction to order a victim to take a lie-detector test after resolving the case with a delinquency finding. At this point, none of the victims has complied with the judge's polygraph order, according to the newspaper.

The judge's action was opposed by victims, women's advocacy groups and prosecutors, who argued in one filing that the judge was trying to re-investigate a decided case. Ms. Magazine also editorialized that it violates the federal Violence Against Women Act and might violate Ohio's rape shield law to treat victims in this manner.

"We are very concerned that these actions will discourage other rape survivors from coming forward," says Megan O'Bryan of the Cleveland Rape Crisis Center, which has worked with some teen victims concerned. "All survivors should feel believed and supported at all stages of the criminal justice process, but especially after their perpetrator is found guilty or adjudicated."
http://www.abajournal.com/news/article/judge_who_ordered_rape-victim_polygraphs_may_be_reconsidering/
0 Replies
 
BillRM
 
  -2  
Reply Wed 4 Aug, 2010 04:26 am
@firefly,
Quote:
This goes on in trials all the time, not just with rape trials. Jurors listen to witnesses, experts, the victim, and only sometimes, the defendant, if he or she decides to take the stand. And it is the jurors who decide who is to be believed and which evidence is most compelling. Most of the time, the defendant does not take the stand to give testimony. It is up to the prosecution to prove their case--the defendant is presumed innocent.


Sorry with no other proof but the word of one person again another there is no way on it face that the burden of beyond a reasonable doubt can be met.

I had met far too many women in my life who could lied far more convincingly then I could tell the truth for me to feel comfortable in sending anyone away for 20 years with only such "evidence".

The law used to agree also that such is not enough proof in many places and it should be change back at once.

Intrepid
 
  1  
Reply Wed 4 Aug, 2010 04:32 am
@BillRM,
Fortunately, laws are not based on your experiences in life. What do you propose that the law be changed back to?
0 Replies
 
firefly
 
  1  
Reply Wed 4 Aug, 2010 09:44 am
@BillRM,
Quote:

Sorry with no other proof but the word of one person again another there is no way on it face that the burden of beyond a reasonable doubt can be met.


There is always some other evidence, otherwise trials would be over in 5 minutes. You are manufacturing unrealistic scenarios.

I assume you feel the same way about a man who claims he was sexually assaulted by a woman. If it is only his word that it was non consensual, he should not be believed.

Should your insurance company believe you when you make a claim for jewelry you say was lost or stolen?

Quote:

The law used to agree also that such is not enough proof in many places and it should be change back at once.


The law never said any such thing. Juries have always had the same instructions--a verdict of guilty means guilty beyond a reasonable doubt. Not beyond all doubt, just beyond a reasonable doubt.

In our criminal justice system, the jurors are the finders of facts. They are the ones who establish legal guilt. If the jury is not convinced, they will acquit. If they are convinced, beyond a reasonable doubt, they will convict. It is not up to you to decide the minimum amount of evidence, what is "enough proof" in a criminal case. The jury decides that with its verdict.

Are you proposing we abolish the jury system?





0 Replies
 
firefly
 
  1  
Reply Wed 4 Aug, 2010 11:23 am
Last week in NYC, a man was arrested and charged with raping a woman in a rather typical date rape encounter.
The woman, a Russian tourist visiting NYC, met the man in an upscale shopping mall in Manhattan. He invited her to join him later for a picnic and she agreed. He showed up for the picnic with flowers, a blanket, and wine and cheese. After they had some wine and cheese, he suggested they go for a walk in the park. She alleges that, in the park, he suddenly pinned her against a metal grating and raped her.
Quote:

Man Accused Of US Rape Is A French TV Star
Saturday July 31, 2010
Sarah Gordon, Sky News Online

A man arrested for raping a Russian tourist and harassing multiple other women in New York City, has been identified as a French-born television presenter.

Hugues-Denver Akassy was arrested on Tuesday after allegedly attacking a Russian woman he had arranged to meet for a picnic in New York's Riverside Park on Manhattan's Upper West Side.

His website claims he is an award-winning journalist and executive producer of a programme on French cable channel Orbite TV which has broadcast profiles of some of the world's most important people from Kofi Annan and Bill Clinton.

Aside from the rape charge, Paris-raised Akassy is accused of a string of charges against women including aggravated harassment and trespass.

In 2009 he was first accused of harassment when he chased a 33-year-old woman on an Upper West Side street and yelled at her after she spurned his advances.

The 42-year-old also allegedly sent a woman an email which read: "You are a pathetic retarded girl. You gain a reputation for being obnoxious and disgusting. You are shameful and do not deserve my attention."

A trespass charge was brought against him a week ago when he was found on the fire escape of a 33-year-old woman on the city's West 75th Street.

Akassy has already been charged with two other counts of trespass after turning up at a New York gym from which he had been barred.

The Russian woman alleges that she agreed to join the journalist for a picnic after meeting him at the Time Warner Centre which houses an upmarket shopping mall.

However, after eating, he took her to a scenic lookout point where she alleges he raped her.

When asked about the case, Akassy's attorney, Howard Simmons, said the Frenchman acknowledges having sex with the 43-year-old woman, but insists it was consensual.

Akassy is currently being held on $100,000 (about £63,000) bail while he awaits a court hearing.
http://news.sky.com/skynews/Home/World-News/New-York-Man-Who-Allegedly-Raped-Rusian-Tourist-Is-A-French-Born-Television-Presenter/Article/201007415674298?lpos=World_News_First_Home_Article_Teaser_Region_3&lid=ARTICLE_15674298_New_York_Man_Who_Allegedly_Raped_Rusian_Tourist_Is_A_French-Born_Television_Presenter


Prosecutors made Akassy's mug shot public last week in hopes that other past victims would come forward. And they did...

And this woman, a columnist for the New York Post, reveals the experiences she had with this same man a three years ago. The fact that she came forward to reveal what happened during her encounter, which included sexual aggressiveness but, fortunately, not a rape, would help to establish a pattern in terms of his modus operandi in attacking women, and helps to bolster the credibility of the woman he is currently accused of raping. It would argue strongly for why the names of rape suspects should be revealed to the public. That allows for other women, like this columnist, and possibly other rape victims who did not report their attacks, to come forward with their accounts of his behavior.

Quote:

A date with the 'rapist'
By MANDY STADTMILLER

Last Updated:August 2, 2010

He was loud, boisterous, complimentary and charming -- and now he's accused of rape.

The man being called the Riverside Rapist, a smooth, handsome, 42-year-old, French-born TV reporter named Hugues-Denver Akassy, hit on me as I shopped at the Fifth Avenue Apple store.

Akassy -- now charged with raping a tourist last week and facing lesser raps in an alleged two-year reign of terror against women on streets, in sports clubs and even on fire escapes -- was so friendly, so charismatic.

In May 2007, we met for our first and only date at a restaurant he described in an e-mail as a "cosy [sic] cave-bar called Shalel right on the corner of 70th & Columbus."

Also right near sprawling, darkly lit Central Park.

He was impeccably dressed, and Akassy and I drank a bottle of wine together in one of the private corners, with a curtain drawn.

He immediately started lavishing me with compliments. I was so beautiful and sophisticated and intelligent. I was hungry, but he said we didn't need much food and poured us more red wine.

Less than an hour into the date, he pressed himself into me and started kissing me intensely. Looking back, I shudder at how aggressive he was -- and I regret not listening to my internal warning bell.

Akassy then suggested we go for a walk along Central Park, where he spoke fondly of John Lennon and Strawberry Fields and held my hand all too possessively. It was unnerving and deceptive. I had just met him.

"I guess one of the beauties and mysteries of the life's journey are special people you meet along the way," he wrote me in a broken-English e-mail shortly after we met in March.

When I started the dating column "About Last Night" for The Post later that summer, I decided to write about my awful date with Akassy, calling him "Mr. Whip It Out" and explaining just how "uncomfortable" he made me.

What I didn't say then I'm ready to tell now. That night, when we walked to Central Park, when he took me to the water, his kissing very quickly led to his leading my hand down to his pants and begging me to touch him. I told him I didn't feel comfortable, but he was so aggressive. He kept unzipping his pants, making me touch him, and trying to put his hands down my dress. I remember telling him I wasn't going to have sex with him, and he was so insistent.

And then he tried to guilt me into doing it. He yelled at me and turned angry. He said I was a "sexy brat provocateur." I was stunned.

And lucky. Very lucky. The whole thing was like a terrible dream. We left Central Park, and I stared down at the dirty sand in the park as he rambled about how difficult it was for him to deal with a cellphone bill. The entire night was revolting.

Learning about the Russian tourist who alleges that Akassy raped her Tuesday, the word to describe how I feel goes beyond "horrified." I've always imagined myself to be so tough, so untouchable, so essentially protected in Manhattan. People tell me I must have good guardian angels.

I'm starting to believe them now.

The problem with men like Akassy is that they turn romantic idealists like me into doubters -- because I want to believe men are essentially wonderful hearted and don't try to bully you into sex in Central Park on a first date.

Akassy ruins it. He ruined my night then, and he ruins the reputation of all the good guys who just want to take a romantic stroll along the park.

My column was where I deployed my revenge.

I wrote of telling him to stop "with just enough legal pull to indicate I-will-prosecute-you-Mr.-Whip-It-Out-oh-yes-I-will." I almost wanted to warn the entire city of Akassy.

After our date, I ignored his text messages, which turned increasingly ugly.

When his Orbite TV show continued to e-mail me newsletters, I wrote back, bitterly, "Thank you, Hugues-Denver! Am hoping you've been able to keep it in your pants."

I received an e-mail back telling me of my "insanity." A common pattern, apparently. One of his accusers says he continued to terrorize her, writing that she was a "pathetic retarded girl."

It makes me shudder to think of this, at first glance, friendly, boisterous man I met at the Apple store by chance.

He seemed so normal, e-mailing me once that we were "just two dear companions who enjoy each other company to explore the beauties of life."

No, Akassy -- you are beauty turned inside out.

[email protected]
http://www.nypost.com/p/news/local/manhattan/date_with_the_rapist_ywrdGg4YUqQ6rcwiR08zVI


And another woman, an assistant D.A. has also come forward.

Quote:

Rape suspect Hugues Akassy attacked me too, prosecutor says
BY Melissa Grace and Bill Hutchinson
DAILY NEWS STAFF WRITERS
Tuesday, August 3rd 2010, 4:00 AM

An assistant district attorney has told probers she was a victim of sexual abuse by the same smooth-talking homeless man busted for raping a tourist in Riverside Park.

The jaw-dropping bombshell was revealed Monday by the lawyer for accused sex fiend Hugues Akassy.

"There is another victim who is an assistant district attorney - it's of a sexual nature," defense attorney Howard Simmons told reporters outside Manhattan Criminal Court.

Simmons said he was told by the Manhattan district attorney's office that a working prosecutor claimed Akassy, 42, victimized her.

"It was not rape," Simmons insisted, adding he knew nothing more of the stunning allegations.

It was unclear if the victim works as a prosecutor in Manhattan or elsewhere.

The Manhattan DA's office refused to comment.
http://www.nydailynews.com/news/ny_crime/2010/08/03/2010-08-03_rape_suspect_attacked_me_too_prosecutor_sez.html


The more women who come forward to reveal similar experiences with this man helps to bolster the credibility of the woman he is currently accused of raping and the fact that her attack was a non consenual rape.

It would argue strongly for why the names and/or photos of rape suspects should be revealed to the public. That allows for other women, like this columnist, and possibly other rape victims who did not report their attacks, to come forward with their accounts of his behavior.

Shouldn't these other women, and others who might come forward, be allowed to testify at this man's rape trial? Wouldn't that help to establish a pattern of sexual assault by him? Isn't that important information for a jury to have available and to consider?

Lest anyone think that date rapes are not serious, and do not carry serious charges, this man is charged with Rape in the 1st degree, and faces 20 years in prison on the rape charge alone.

And this case is a very typical date rape/acquaintance rape scenario. The man appeared well dressed and charming. The women he met agreed to meet him in a public place. They did nothing especially foolhardy.

Was the prosector right to release the identity and mug shot of this man who has been charged with rape?
Arella Mae
 
  1  
Reply Wed 4 Aug, 2010 11:57 am
I don't see a problem releasing his photo. Afterall, anyone who is arrested anymore can easily end up on TV or in the papers. In this case, it looks like it is going to really help get this person off the streets!
BillRM
 
  -2  
Reply Wed 4 Aug, 2010 02:41 pm
@joefromchicago,
Quote:
Apart from anecdotes and your own generalized anxieties, do you know of any studies that show that the victims of criminal sexual assault are any more likely than the victims of other crimes to misidentify defendants


Who care how it compared to other crimes? It is very common problem in criminal cases of all types and in regard to rape you are not talking about minor crimes but up to a lifetime in prison and other then murder I can not think of a crime that would be worst for anyone to be convicted of by error. Can you????????

Quote:
I'm not going to do your work for you. If you have evidence for your position, it's your job to find it.


You mean going to the innocent project website is too must work for you to do and following their clear links on the subject? You consider that doing research?

You can take the time to made post after post here but you need me to go to that website and cut and past the links because that would be far too must work/research for you to do!!!!!!!

The words go to hell come to mind for some strange reason.

In any case, for anyone reading this thread that is serous about the issue of the problem of false IDing the Innocent Project Website should be the first stop.

Please be careful however that you do not wear yourselves out doing “research” by following their links.



BillRM
 
  -2  
Reply Wed 4 Aug, 2010 02:47 pm
@Arella Mae,
Quote:
I don't see a problem releasing his photo. Afterall, anyone who is arrested anymore can easily end up on TV or in the papers. In this case, it looks like it is going to really help get this person off the streets!


A call to 4 millions women in the city for any of them who had their rear ends pinch by any male that might be him in the last few years.

Wonder how many man years of police resources this is going to waste?
0 Replies
 
BillRM
 
  -2  
Reply Wed 4 Aug, 2010 02:53 pm
@firefly,
A past case of New York city police at their very best..........

Seem like they will never learn.
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Trisha Meili (born June 24, 1960) was the victim as is often described in the media as the Central Park Jogger. Meili was raised in New Jersey and Pittsburgh, Meili received a Bachelor of Arts from Wellesley College, a Master of Arts from Yale University, and an Master of Business Administration from Yale School of Management. She worked at the Wall Street investment bank Salomon Brothers. Meili was referred to simply as the "Central Park Jogger" in most media accounts. However, local television stations did release her name in the days immediately following the attack, and two newspapers, The City Sun and the Amsterdam News, and radio station WLIB continued to do so as the case progressed.[1] In 2003, Meili confirmed her identity to the media, published a memoir entitled I Am the Central Park Jogger, and began a career as an inspirational speaker.[2][3]

[edit] Assault
On April 19, 1989, the slightly-built 28-year-old investment banker was violently assaulted while jogging in New York City's Central Park. She was raped and beaten almost to death. When found about four hours later, she was suffering from severe hypothermia and blood loss from multiple lacerations and internal bleeding, and her skull had been fractured so badly that her left eye was removed from the socket. The initial medical prognosis was that she would die or, at best, remain in a permanent coma due to her injuries. Remarkably, she largely recovered, with some lingering disabilities related to balance and loss of vision. As a result of the severe trauma, she had no memory of the attack or of any events up to an hour preceding the assault.

The crime, one of 3,254 rapes reported in New York City that year, was unique in the level of public outrage it provoked. New York Governor Mario Cuomo told the New York Post, "This is the ultimate shriek of alarm."[1]

[edit] Suspects
According to a police investigation, the culprits were gangs of teenagers who would assault strangers as part of an activity that became known as "wilding." New York City detectives said the word was used by the suspects themselves to describe their actions to police.[4] This account has been disputed by other journalists, who say that it originated in a police detective's misunderstanding of the suspects' use of the phrase "doing the wild thing", lyrics from Tone Lōc's hit song "Wild Thing".[5][6] April 19 was known to have been a night when such a gang attack occurred, in which the suspects had entered the park in Harlem with over 30 acquaintances. Contrary to normal police procedure, which stipulates that the names of suspects under the age of sixteen are also to be withheld, the names of the juveniles arrested in this case were released to the press before any of them had been formally arraigned or indicted, including one 14-year-old who was ultimately not charged.[1] The mainstream media's double-standard — printing the names, photos, and addresses of the juvenile suspects while shielding Meili — was cited by the editors of the City Sun and the Amsterdam News to explain their continued use of Meili's name in their coverage of the story.[7] While many teenage suspects were identified (or identified themselves) as participants in the Central Park assaults that night — although not necessarily in the attack on Meili — only five, known later as the Central Park Five, were brought to trial.

All five were convicted in 1990. Four of the juveniles charged — Antron McCray, Kevin Richardson, Raymond Santana, and Kharey Wise — officially confessed to the crime, and each implicated the others. A fifth suspect, Yusef Salaam, made verbal admissions, but refused to sign a confession or make one on videotape. Salaam was, however, implicated by all of the other four and convicted. Salaam's supporters and attorneys charged on appeal that he had been held by police without access to parents or guardians, but as the majority appellate court decision noted, that was because Salaam had initially lied to police in claiming to be 16, and had backed up his claim with a transit pass that indeed (falsely, as it turned out) said that he was 16. If a suspect has reached 16 years of age, his parents or guardians no longer have a right to accompany him during police questioning, or to refuse to permit him to answer any questions. When Salaam informed police of his true age, police permitted his mother to be present.[8]

[edit] Confessions
Although the suspects (except Salaam) had confessed on videotape in the presence of a parent or guardian, they retracted their statements within weeks, claiming that they had been intimidated, lied to, and coerced into making false confessions.[9] While the confessions themselves were videotaped, the hours of interrogation that preceded the confessions were not.

No DNA evidence tied the suspects to the crime, so the prosecution's case rested almost entirely on the confessions.[1] In fact, analysis indicated that the DNA collected at the crime scene did not match any of the suspects — and that the crime scene DNA had all come from a single, as-yet-unknown person.[9]

One of the suspects' supporters, Reverend Calvin O. Butts of the Abyssinian Baptist Church in Harlem told the New York Times, "The first thing you do in the United States of America when a white woman is raped is round up a bunch of black youths, and I think that's what happened here."[1]

[edit] Convictions vacated
In 2002, another man's confession, plus DNA evidence confirming his crime, led the district attorney's office to recommend vacating the convictions of the teenagers originally accused and sentenced to prison. In 2002, convicted rapist and murderer Matias Reyes, serving a life sentence for other crimes but not, at that point, associated by the police with the attack on Meili, declared that he had committed the assault, and that he had acted alone. The DNA evidence confirmed his participation in the crime and identified him as the sole contributor of the semen found in and on the victim "to a factor of one in 6,000,000,000 people".[10] Supporters of the five defendants again claimed their confessions had been coerced. An examination of the inconsistencies between their confessions led the prosecutor to question the veracity of the confessions. District Attorney Robert M. Morgenthau's office wrote:

"A comparison of the statements reveals troubling discrepancies. ... The accounts given by the five defendants differed from one another on the specific details of virtually every major aspect of the crime — who initiated the attack, who knocked the victim down, who undressed her, who struck her, who held her, who raped her, what weapons were used in the course of the assault, and when in the sequence of events the attack took place. ... In many other respects the defendants' statements were not corroborated by, consistent with, or explanatory of objective, independent evidence. And some of what they said was simply contrary to established fact."[10]

Based on Reyes' confession, the DNA evidence, and the questionable confessions, Morgenthau recommended that the convictions be vacated. In light of the "extraordinary circumstances" of the case, the prosecutor recommended that the court vacate not only the convictions related to the assault and rape of Meili, but also those for the other crimes to which the defendants had confessed. The rationale was that the defendants' confessions to the other crimes were made at the same time, and in the same statements, as those related to the attack on Meili. Had the newly-discovered evidence been available at the original trials, it might have made the juries question whether any part of the defendants' confessions were trust-worthy.[10] Morgenthau's recommendation to vacate the convictions was strongly opposed by Linda Fairstein, who had overseen the original prosecution but had since left the District Attorney's office.[9] The five defendants' convictions were vacated by New York Supreme Court Justice Charles J. Tejada on December 19, 2002. As Morgenthau recommended, Tejada's order vacated the convictions for all the crimes of which the defendants had been convicted.[11]

Despite the analysis conducted by the District Attorney's office, New York City detectives maintained that the defendants had "most likely" been Reyes' accomplices in the assault and rape of Meili.[12] Police Commissioner Raymond Kelly complained that Morgenthau's staff had denied his detectives access to "important evidence" needed to conduct a thorough investigation.[11] This claim notwithstanding, no indictments, convictions or disciplinary actions were ever taken against District Attorney's office staff members. All of the defendants had completed their prison sentences at the time of Tejada's order, which only had the effect of clearing their names. However one defendant, Santana, remained in jail, convicted of a later, unrelated crime, although his attorney said that his sentence in that case had been extended because of his conviction in the Meili attack. All five were removed from New York State's sex offender registry.[11] [13][14]

In 2003, Kevin Richardson, Raymond Santana Jr., and Antron McCray sued the city for malicious prosecution, racial discrimination and emotional distress. As of late 2009, the suit is yet to be settled.[15][16] In 2009, Ken Burns has announced plans to make a film about the case, which he compares to the Scottsboro Boys case. He refers to the wrongly convicted as the "Central Park Five".[17][18]

[edit] References
^ a b c d e Didion, Joan (January
0 Replies
 
 

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