@prothero,
Anthony Flood "Why Does God Permit Evil"
Much closer to our time, philosopher H.J. McCloskey, in his 1962 article "The Problem of Evil," describes the situation as follows: "The problem of evil is a very simple one to state. There is evil in the world; yet the world is said to be the creation of a good and omnipotent God. How is this possible? Surely a good, omnipotent God would have made a world free of evil of any kind."
You don't have to be a philosopher to feel this tension. All of us experience various types of evil, whether great or small, on a regular basis. Why would a good and all-powerful God allow this? Satisfying answers do not spring readily to mind.
It is therefore no surprise that the presence of evil drives many people to conclude that such a God does not exist. The logic is straightforward: "A God who is good and all-powerful cannot allow evil to exist, but evil does exist, therefore there is no good and all-powerful God."
Obviously, many others come to a different conclusion. Despite the presence of evil, millions today do believe that God is both good and all-powerful. For some, the reality of evil causes pain but no tension; it is a sad fact of life in a fallen world. For others, however, the tension persists.
They don't give up their faith, but feel at times like their faith is shaky, or even that they're somehow being dishonest, like those refusing to acknowledge a bad diagnosis.