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Examples of falsification of history

 
 
Reply Wed 21 Jul, 2004 03:01 am
Throughout the course of history the description of history has been "modified" to suit the perception or interests of certain people or groups of people. The link below gives but one example, but a topical one:

http://www.bondle.co.uk/personal_pages/jon/maxim/

Have you any other juicy examples, that I might use in teaching to support the point made above Question
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Thok
 
  1  
Reply Wed 21 Jul, 2004 03:09 am
Re: Examples of falsification of history
Paaskynen wrote:

Have you any other juicy examples, that I might use in teaching to support the point made above


at present not

not only Sir Hiram Stevens Maxim was the first , also a German. But I don´t know his name currently
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smog
 
  1  
Reply Wed 21 Jul, 2004 03:13 am
The obvious one is American schools basically teaching that Christopher Columbus discovered the Americas, which later became named for Vespucci, even though we of course know that neither man was there first! They weren't even the first "explorers" there.
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Thok
 
  1  
Reply Wed 21 Jul, 2004 03:14 am
of course not

the first was the vikings
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Paaskynen
 
  1  
Reply Wed 21 Jul, 2004 07:38 am
Re: Examples of falsification of history
Thok wrote:
not only Sir Hiram Stevens Maxim was the first , also a German. But I don´t know his name currently


Perhaps you refer to Otto Lilienthal, but he used a glider, that doesn't count as powered flight. There was also a French engineer who made a jump in a steam driven flying machine, but I can't remember his name.
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TLomon
 
  1  
Reply Wed 21 Jul, 2004 07:39 am
Mmm... can think of a few off the top of my head.

1) George Washington cutting down the cherry tree and saying "I cannot tell a lie". This was a literary invention of Mason Weems.

2) Kwanzaa was a holiday invented in 1966 by Karenga, a promonent black nationalist, and does not have the historical background in Africa.

3) Dian Fossey (Gorillas of the Mist basis), was pretty warped in the head. She is documented as having cut off the hands of poachers and mailing them to their boss, much like they did to gorillas. Funny how they leave that out.

4) Sydney Schanberg won a Pulitzer Prize for his dispatches from Cambodia. He worked with Dith Pran. According to some textbooks (America's Past and Promise for one), Sydney is not even mentioned.

5) Any book written by Glencoe. Glencoe is a history book writer for our schools today. His books are riddled with falsehoods and blantant lies. America was the first to treat slaves as sub-human? Shoot, I can go on for pages on just him.

6) Before Columbus discovered America, Europe thought the world was flat. Ha! Greeks figured that one out in 300 BC and appeared in Aristotle's writings.

7) Maps in text books show Russia in 1300 AD. However, the name Rusisa was never utilized until 1721 by Peter the Great.

8) Lincoln's cabin that he built with his own hands was made 30 years after his death.

The federal program for erecting national subject-matter standards collapsed during 1995 and was formally abolished in 1996. The text books that are written today are complete and utter garbage. I can keep going on this subject all you want.
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Paaskynen
 
  1  
Reply Wed 21 Jul, 2004 07:45 am
bit off topic but funny
I found this compilation on the Web. It is a "history of the world" collected by teachers throughout the United States, from eighth grade pupils through college level students. Read carefully, and you will learn a lot of incorrect historical information. Some parts are hysterical rather than historical Laughing

The inhabitants of ancient Egypt were called mummies. They lived in the Sarah Dessert and traveled by Camelot. The climate of the Sarah is such that the inhabitants have to live elsewhere, so areas of the dessert are cultivated by irritation. The Egyptians built the Pyramids in the shape of a huge triangular cube. The Pyramids are a range of mountains between France and Spain.

The Bible is full of interesting caricatures. In the first book of the Bible, Guinesses, Adam and Eve were created from an apple tree. On of their children, Cain, once asked, "Am I my brother's son?" God asked Abraham to sacrifice Isaac on Mount Montezuma. Jacob, son of Isaac, stole his brother's birth mark. Jacob was a patriarch who brought up his twelve sons to be patriarchs, but they did not take it. One of Jacob's sons, Joseph, gave refuse to the Israelites.

Pharaoh forced the Hebrew slaves to make bread without straw. Moses led them to the Red Sea, where they made unleavened bread, which is bread made without any ingredients. Afterwards, Moses went up on Mount Cyanide to get the ten commandments. David was a Hebrew king skilled at playing the liar. He fought with the Philatelists, a race of people who lived in the Biblical times. Soloman, one of David's sons, had 500 wives and 500 porcupines.

Without the Greeks we wouldn't have history. The Greeks invented three kinds of columns - Corinthian, Doric, and Ironic. They also had myths. A myth is a female moth. One myth says that the mother of Achilles dipped him in the River Stynx until he became intollerable. Achilles appears in The Iliad, by Homer. Homer also wrote The Oddity, in which Penelope was the last hardship that Ulysses endured on his journey. Actually, Homer was not written by Homer but by another man of that name.

Socrates was a famous Greek teacher who went around giving people advice. They killed him. Socrates died from an overdose of wedlock.

In the Olympic games, Greeks ran races, jumped, hurled the biscuits, the threw the java. The reward to the victor was a coral wreath. The government of Athens was democratic because people took the law into their own hands. There were no wars in Greece, as the mountains were so high that they couldn't climb over to see what their neighbors were doing. When they fought with the Persians, the Greeks were outnumbered because the Persians had more men.

Eventually, the Ramons conquered the Greeks. History calls people Romans because they never stayed in one place for very long. At Roman banquets, the guests wore garlic in their hair. Julius Caesar extinguished himself on the battlefields of Gaul. The Ides of March murdered him because they thought he was going to be made king. Nero was a cruel tyranny who would turture his poor subjects by playing the fiddle to them.

Then came the Middle Ages. King Alfred conquered the Dames. King Arthur lived in the Age of Shivery, King Harold mustarded his troops before the Battle of Hastings, Joan of Arc was canonized by Bernard Shaw, and victims of the Black Death grew boobs on their necks. Finally, Magna Carta provided that no free man should be hanged twice for the same offense.

In medevil time most of the people were alliterate. The greatest writer of the time was Chaucer, who wrote many poems and versus and also wrote literature. Another tale tells of William Tell, who shot an arrow through an apple while standing on his son's head.

The Renaissance was an age in which more individuals felt the value of their human being. Martin Luther was nailed to the church door at Wittenberg for selling papal indulgences. He died a horrible death, being excommunicated by a bull. It was the painter Donatello's interes in the female nude that made him the father of the Renaissance. It was an age of great inventions and discoveries. Gutenberg invented the Bible. Sir Walter Raleigh is a historical figure because he invented cigarettes. Another important invention was the circulation of blood. Sir Francis Drake circumcised the world with a 100 foot clipper.

The government of England was a limited mockery. Henry VIII found walking difficult because he had an abbess on his knee. Queen Elizabeth was the "Virgin Queen." As a queen she was a success. When Elizabeth exposed herself before her troops, they all shouted, "hurrah." Then her navy went out and defeated the Spanish Armadillo.

The greatest write of the Renaissance was William Shakespear. Shakespear never made much money and is only famous because of his plays. He lived at Windsor with his merry wives, writing tragedies, comedies and errors. In one of Shakespear's famous plays, Hamlet rations out his situation by relieving himself in a long soliloquy. In another, Lady Macbeth tried to convince Macbeth to kill the Kind by attack his manhood. Romeo and Juliet are an example of a heroic couplet. Writing at the same time as Shakespear was Miguel Cervantes. He wrote Donkey Hote. The next great author was John Milton. Milton wrote Paradise Lost. Then his wife died and he wrote Paradise Regained.

During the Renaissance America began. Christopher Columbus was a great navigator who discovered America while cursing about the Atlantic. His ships were called the Nina, the Pinta, and the Santa Fe. Later, the Pilgrims crossed the Ocean, and this was known as Pilgrims Progress. When they landed at Plymouth Rock, they were greeted by the Indians, who came down the hill rolling their war hoops before them. The Indian squabs carried porpoises on their back. Many of the Indian heroes were killed, along with their cabooses, which proved very fatal for them. The winter of 1620 was a hard one for the settlers. Many people died and many babies were born. Captain John Smith was responsible for all this.

One of the causes of the Revolutionary Wars was the English put tacks in their tea. Also, the colonists would send their parcels through the post without stamps. During the War, the Red Coats and Paul Revere was throwing balls over stone walls. The dogs were barking and the peacocks crowing. Finally, the colonists won the War and no longer had to pay for taxis.

Delegates from the original thirteen states formed the Contented Congress. Thomas Jefferson, a Virgin, and Benjamin Franklin were two singers of the Declaration of Independence. Franklin had gone to Boston carrying all his clothes in his pocket and a loaf of bread under each arm. He invented electricity by rubbing two cats backwards and declared, "A horse devided against itself cannot stand." Franklin died in 1790 and is still dead.

George Washington married Martha Curtis and in due time became the Father of Our Country. Then the Constitution of the United States was adopted to secure domestic hostility. Under the Constitution the people enjoyed the right to keep bare arms.

Abraham Lincoln became America's greatest president. Lincoln's mother died in infancy, and he was born in a log cabin which he built with his own hands. When Lincoln was President, he wore only a tall silk hat. He said, "In onion there is strength." Abraham Lincoln wrote the Gettysburg address while traveling from Washington to Gettysburg on the back of an envelope. He also freed the slaves by signing the Emasculation Proclamation, and the Fourteenth Amendment gave the ex-Negroes citizenship. But the Clue Clux Clan would torcher and lynch the ex-Negroes and other innocent victims. It claimed it represented law and odor. On the night of April 14, 1865, Lincoln went to the theater and got shot in his seat by one of the actors in a moving picture show. The believed assinator was John Wilkes Booth, a supposingly insane actor. This ruined Booth's career.

Meanwhile in Europe, the enlightenment was a reasonable time. Voltare invented electricity and also wrote a book called Candy. Graity was invented by Isaac Walton. It is chiefly noticeable in the Autumn, when the apples are falling off trees.

Bach was the most famous composer in the world, and so was Handel. Handel was half German, half Italian, and half English. He was very large. Bach died from 1750 to the present. Beethoven wrote music even though he was deaf. He was so deaf he wrote loud music. He took long walks in the forest even when everyone was calling for him. Beethoven expired in 1827 and later died for this.

France was in a very serious state. The French Revolution was accomplished before it happened. The Marseillaise was the theme song of the French Revolution, and it catapulted into Napoleon. During the Napoleonic Wars, the crowned heads of Europe were trembling in their shoes. The the Spanish gorillas came down from the hills and nipped at Napoleon's flanks. Napoleon became ill with bladder problems and was very tense and unrestrained. He wanted an heir to inherit his power, but since Josephine was a baroness, she couldn't bear children.

The sun never set on the British Empire because the British Empire is in the East and the sun sets in the West. Queen Victoria was the longest queen. She sat on a thorn for 63 years. Her reclining years and finally the end of her life were exemplary of a great personality. Her death was the final event which ended her reign.

The nineteenth century was a time of many great inventions and thoughts. The invention of the steamboat caused a network of rivers to spring up. Cyrus McCormick invented the McCormick raper, which did the work of hundred men. Samuel Morse invented a code of telepathy. Louis Pasteur discovered a cure for rabbis. Charles Darwin was a naturalist who wrote the Organ of the Species

And then Bush was illicited president.
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fishin
 
  1  
Reply Wed 21 Jul, 2004 07:57 am
Paaskynen wrote:

http://www.bondle.co.uk/personal_pages/jon/maxim/

Have you any other juicy examples, that I might use in teaching to support the point made above Question


You can use your own example two ways. First to demonstrate that there were powered flights prior to the Wright Bros.. and secondly to show that the site itself is advancing it's own bit of historical revisionism. Most of the authorative sites on the Wright Bros. credit them with the first "controlled flight" - not the absolute first flight.
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Paaskynen
 
  1  
Reply Wed 21 Jul, 2004 08:24 am
Thanks TLomon for your examples. I am aware that some US history textbooks are riddled with errors; as in "Napoleon won the batlle of Waterloo" and "President Eisenhower landed in Normandy on D-day". Now I know that there is no standards commission overseeing their content. Still, I find it difficult to understand how such monumental errors can slip by.

By the way, the French aviation pioneer I meant was Clément Ader who made his first "flight" in 1886. He is remembered for his verified 300 meter flight on October 14, 1897. (He is also remembered as a lousy pilot for he crashed all his prototypes)

This is a good example of each major power of the time claims the father of powered heavier than air flight to be one of their nationals.

Another example is the invention of the printing press. Gutenberg gets the credit, but the Dutch claim that their Coster was earlier (and that Gutenberg's later employee Fust stole the secret). However, the Belgians put forward Brito, France has Waldfoghel, the Italians throw Castaldi around and the British stick with Caxton. Unfortunately for all these 15th century gentlemen, movable type printing was already used in Korea in 1041 AD by Pi Cheng...
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Rick d Israeli
 
  1  
Reply Thu 22 Jul, 2004 09:13 am
Here's a list of historic falsifications I gathered from a Dutch book called 'Encyclopedie van misvattingen' - Encyclopedia of misconceptions.

1) It is defendable that NOT George Washington, but John Hanson was the first president of the United States of America. The US gained independence in 1776. The Charter for the Confederation (I don't know the exact translation) was formulated a year later (1777), and ratified by several states in 1781. According to the Charter a Congress should be formed, and this organ chose John Hanson as 'president of the United States'. Because of illness though, Hanson had to give up his position a year later. Now, as I said, it is defendable that Hanson was the first president of the US, but on the other hand, he didn't have the same powers as George Washington had after the acceptance of the American constitution in 1789.

2) It is often believed Rome was build on seven hills. Though there are numerous sources which speak of eight hills, as well as six hills. Now, the fact that people believe it was build on seven hills was because of a feast, celebrated in Rome, called 'Septimontium'. It was believed Septimontium could be translated as seven hills, but according to A. Claridge, writer of Rome: an Oxford archaeological guide (Oxford 1998), Septimontium could also have been derived from 'fortified hills'.

3) Julius Caesar wasn't an emperor; he was a dictator. The fact that a word like czar is derived from Ceasar, as being emperor, is incorrect.

4) The last words of Julius Ceasar weren't 'Et tu, Brute'. The first time these words were mentioned was in the 16th century by an anonymous play writer in a play called 'True tragedy of Richard Duke of Yorke'. The origin of these words could lie in a report by a history writer called Suetonius in De vita Caesarum, in which the writer says the last words of Ceasar: 'Kai su, teknon!' (Yes, Old Greek), which means 'You too, son' - son as in Brute, because Suetonius says Caesar saw Brute as his unlawful son. HOWEVER, Suetonius says he only got these words from someone else - it's not that Suetonius was there when Caesar was murdered. And we should also keep in mind that 'Kai su' was often used in Greek tragedies, and that it could also mean 'Get lost', instead off 'You too'.

5) Jeanne d'Arc is used as a French symbol of liberty. However, is Jeanne d'Arc really French, and was she a real farm girl? NO and NO. Jeanne d'Arc was born in Domrémy, Lorraine, which wasn't part of France in that time. And she was not born in a poor family of farmers, but in a considerable wealthy family - her father was co-owner of a local castle, and one of the most important persons in Domrémy.

That would be it for now. Next time: the truth about Native Americans, Magalhaes, Martin Luther, cowboys and Hitler.
0 Replies
 
joefromchicago
 
  1  
Reply Thu 22 Jul, 2004 09:48 am
Re: Examples of falsification of history
Paaskynen wrote:
Throughout the course of history the description of history has been "modified" to suit the perception or interests of certain people or groups of people. The link below gives but one example, but a topical one:

http://www.bondle.co.uk/personal_pages/jon/maxim/

Have you any other juicy examples, that I might use in teaching to support the point made above Question

Fishin' is correct: The Wright brothers are credited with having achieved the first controlled powered flight. The Maxim machine (if it ever left the ground on its own power -- the web page is rather vague on that point) sounds more like it achieved an uncontrolled crash rather than a controlled flight.

Certainly, if the only object was to put an engine on a machine and launch it into the air, that could have been accomplished by the Montgolfier brothers. The Wrights, however, did something that no one else (including Maxim, Lilienthal, Langley, and others) did: get a machine to achieve powered and controlled flight.
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Setanta
 
  1  
Reply Thu 22 Jul, 2004 09:53 am
TLomon wrote:
7) Maps in text books show Russia in 1300 AD. However, the name Rusisa was never utilized until 1721 by Peter the Great.


Petr Alexeevitch Romanov was the fifth Romanov Tsar. Mikhail Romanov was prevailed upon to take the office in 1613. He was succeeded by his son Alexei Mikhailovitch. He was succeeded by Fedor Alexeevitch (Fedor III), who was in turn succeeded by his ten-year old half-brother, Petr Alexeevitch. There was in that same year an uprising by the Streltsy, which resulted in Petr and his older half-brother Ivan Alexeevitch (Ivan V) ruling as "co-tsars," under the regency of Petr's half-sister, and Ivan's sister, Sophia Alexeevna.

At the very least, the title: "Of Great Russia, Little Russia [i.e., the Ukraine] and of all the Russias, Autocrat"--was used from the time of Mikhail in 1613. Although i don't have the resources at hand, i believe that Vasili II was the first ruler, in 1456, to proclaim himself autocrat of Russia. It is certain that his successor, Ivan III, or Grozny Ivan (Ivan the Terrible, more kindly remembered as Ivan the Great), conquered parts of the Ukraine and Kazan, and brought all of "Great" Russia under his control. I rather suspect that it was during his time that the title: "Of Great Russia, etc. . . . Autocrat" was first introduced--again, i'm at work, so i can't look this up.

What Petr did in 1721 was to proclaim himself Emperor. Technically speaking, all of his successors were Emperors, or Empresses (there were four of these--Catherine, Anne, Elizabeth and Catherine II [Catherine the Great]).

Which is something entirely different from contending that Russia wasn't called Russia until 1721, which contention i contend is without foundation.
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joefromchicago
 
  1  
Reply Thu 22 Jul, 2004 09:57 am
TLomon wrote:
1) George Washington cutting down the cherry tree and saying "I cannot tell a lie". This was a literary invention of Mason Weems.

That's Parson Weems. I don't know if he was a Mason or not, but even if he was he wouldn't have used that as a title.

EDIT: I just checked. It seems that it was Parson Mason Weems -- I stand self-corrected.

TLomon wrote:
7) Maps in text books show Russia in 1300 AD. However, the name Rusisa was never utilized until 1721 by Peter the Great.

Depends on whose map you're talking about. I know, from first-hand experience, that pre-1721 German documents routinely referred to "Russland" and French documents referred to "la Russie." The tsars, moreover, claimed to be emperors "of all the Russias" before the reign of Peter the Great.
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joefromchicago
 
  1  
Reply Thu 22 Jul, 2004 10:07 am
Rick d'Israeli wrote:
4) The last words of Julius Ceasar weren't 'Et tu, Brute'.

Many of the historical "misrepresentations" exposed by these de-bunkers are, in fact, little more than legends or literary embellishments that most self-respecting historians never took seriously. If the general public has been gulled into believing that Julius Caesar actually uttered "et tu, Brute," then that is simply a testament to the public's credulity, not to any falsification of the historical record.
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Craven de Kere
 
  1  
Reply Thu 22 Jul, 2004 10:17 am
Re: Examples of falsification of history
joefromchicago wrote:
Paaskynen wrote:
Throughout the course of history the description of history has been "modified" to suit the perception or interests of certain people or groups of people. The link below gives but one example, but a topical one:

http://www.bondle.co.uk/personal_pages/jon/maxim/

Have you any other juicy examples, that I might use in teaching to support the point made above Question

Fishin' is correct: The Wright brothers are credited with having achieved the first controlled powered flight.


Not to be pedantic or anything but the Wright Brothers did not achieve the "first controlled powered flight" either.
0 Replies
 
Walter Hinteler
 
  1  
Reply Thu 22 Jul, 2004 10:35 am
Quote:
Wilbur and Orville Wright
Respectively,
born April 16, 1867, near Millville, Ind., U.S.
died May 30, 1912, Dayton, Ohio

born Aug. 19, 1871, Dayton
died Jan. 30, 1948, Dayton


American brothers, inventors, and aviation pioneers who achieved the first powered, sustained, and controlled airplane flight (1903) and built and flew the first fully practical airplane (1905).
source: Britannica
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Craven de Kere
 
  1  
Reply Thu 22 Jul, 2004 11:24 am
Walter,

The "first controlled powered flight" was not an airplane.

The Wright brothers made the first powered, sustained and controlled airplane flight.

Their mark was the first heavier-than-air flight of this nature, powered controlled flights predated powered controlled heavier-than-air flights.

For an example of a controlled flight that predated it how about the "driveable" (you should be able to translate that ;-)).
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joefromchicago
 
  1  
Reply Thu 22 Jul, 2004 11:57 am
Re: Examples of falsification of history
Craven de Kere wrote:
Not to be pedantic or anything ...

Then you're going about it the wrong way.
0 Replies
 
Craven de Kere
 
  1  
Reply Thu 22 Jul, 2004 12:13 pm
Re: Examples of falsification of history
joefromchicago wrote:
Craven de Kere wrote:
Not to be pedantic or anything ...

Then you're going about it the wrong way.


I know, but pedantry is a big part of the very issue we discuss. For example, Brazilians won't recognize the Wright brothers for their use of a catapult. Rolling Eyes

So upon the basis of being the first to achieve a powered, controlled, heavier-than-air flight that did not use a catapult they say Santos Dumont invented it. Rolling Eyes
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Letty
 
  1  
Reply Thu 22 Jul, 2004 12:28 pm
I had always thought that Harry Truman coined the phrase, "The Buck Stops Here." Interesting what I found about the background and possible meaning of the word, "buck":

http://dsc.discovery.com/anthology/unsolvedhistory/pigs/mar03/mar03answer.html
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