roger wrote:And you know the 14th was passed to protect former slaves.
Yes, but that is a deceptive statement, although i do not suggest that you intended to deceive.
Article IV, Section 2, first paragraph of the Constitution reads:
The Citizens of each State shall be entitled to all Privileges and Immunities of Citizens in the several States.
The first section of the XIVth Amendment, which is about all anyone ever bothers to learn about the Amendment, reads:
All persons born or naturalized in the United States, and subject to the jurisdiction thereof, are citizens of the United States and of the State wherein they reside. No State shall make or enforce any law which shall abridge the privileges or immunities of citizens of the United States; nor shall any State deprive any person of life, liberty, or property, without due process of law; nor deny to any person within its jurisdiction the equal protection of the laws.
The Amendment is entitled "Citizenship Rights," and constitutes and extension and a clarification of Article IV, Section 2, first paragraph. Article IV is entitle "States," and Section 2 is entitled "State Citizens, Extradition." The remainder of the XIVth Amendment actually concerns itself with the debilities which attached to men who had participated in the rebellion, which is how the Civil War was officially described, and the provision to remove those debilities by Congress. The Amendment only inferentially deals with the rights of former slaves, as it affirms that either all men who are not Indians who are 21 years of age, and who have never participated in rebellion against the United States, shall not be denied the right to vote, or the representation of any state which limits the franchise of men 21 years of age who are not Indians and who have not participated in rebellion will be reduced in exact proportion as the vote were denied. So, if a state in which half the male population over 21 were former slaves, and they were denied the vote, the Congressional delegation of that state would be reduced to half. It also provides for the good faith acknowldgement of any debts incurred by the government in fighting the rebellion. This is probably the most misunderstood amendment to the Constitution.
I find this site with the text to the Constitution to be the most useful i've found online.