In response to BF's posting of Rabin's speech:
First we see that Rabin did not always 'make nice' with militant Palestinians.
(emphasis mine)
EYE ON BALL FOR ISRAEL; Peace and Terror: Search for Balance
by Clyde Haberman
April 1, 1993
Prime Minister Yitzhak Rabin has repeatedly said since he took office last July that talking peace with the Arabs is one thing and fighting Arabs who shoot and stab Israelis is something else entirely. His slogan is "We shall fight terrorism as if there is no peace process, and pursue the peace process as if there is no terrorism."
To Mr. Rabin, Israelis have to keep their eye on the ball, which means not letting bursts of Arab violence get them so hysterical that they lose sight of the bigger objective they have pursued for years: a peace treaty.
But that ball has been awfully elusive for many here after a violent March that came in like a lion and went out the same way, with 15 Israeli soldiers, policemen and civilians killed by Palestinian assailants -- the highest monthly toll in several years. About twice as many were wounded.
It does Israelis no good to hear that, by the traumatic standards of American big cities, 15 deaths in a month may not seem startling for a population of 5 million. New York City, with a population of about 7 million, often has 10 homicides in a single weekend. It certainly does them no good at all to hear that many more Palestinians, at least 26 in March, died in conflicts with Israeli soldiers. Sense of Vulnerability
There is an easily inflamed sense of vulnerability in this country born of the Nazi Holocaust, and with the press and television showing vivid images of spilled Jewish blood, no national leader could let the death count rise as it has without doing something.
On Tuesday, Mr. Rabin acted. He was not nearly as dramatic as in December, when he responded to another spurt of killings by expelling more than 400 accused Islamic militants from the territories to Lebanon. But he did enough so that, despite his own slogan, he may have wrapped the fight against terrorism and the Middle East peace talks into a tighter bundle.
Starting today, for an indefinite period, the occupied West Bank and Gaza Strip are closed, meaning that military checkpoints have been set up to turn Palestinian vehicles around, including those carrying the 120,000 Arab workers with jobs in Israel. Jewish settlers in the territories and other Israelis, whose cars bear different license plates from those of Arabs, can drive past the checkpoints.
Even for Palestinians, however, the West Bank borders are porous, and the police today rounded up several hundred of them who were found to be in Israel in violation of the new orders. Tightening Controls
Military operations and hunts for wanted fugitives are to be intensified, Mr. Rabin said, and loosened regulations permit soldiers now to shoot at any armed Palestinian, whether or not he presents an immediate threat.
A main goal, the Prime Minister said, is to separate the two populations for a while so that tensions can subside. Indeed, the policy appeals to many Israelis on both the political right and left: the right because it makes it more difficult for would-be Arab killers to maneuver, the left because it means de facto recognition of the line separating the territories from pre-1967 Israel.
When asked by a television interviewer how long the closing will last, Mr. Rabin replied that it is up to the Palestinians.
"Dear friends, if you want to solve the problem, the place is around the negotiation table," he told them. "It is permissible for me to keep the territories closed for as long as is required."
That response was an example of how Israelis and Palestinians listen with
different ears. Many Israelis heard the call to the peace table, and sensed a reasonable gesture. To many Palestinians, it sounded like a threat: If you don't talk to us, the crackdown will continue.
http://query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage.html?res=9F0CE0DD1431F932A35757C0A965958260&sec=&spon=&pagewanted=all
And Natanyahu. certainly a hardliner, had no intention of making war and did make significant concessions to the Palestinians. The history since Rabin's pretty speech in 1995:
1995
On September 28, Arafat and Rabin sign the Taba agreement (known as Oslo II) in Washington to expand Palestinian self-rule in the West Bank and Gaza and allow Palestinian elections (held on January 20, 1996). However, on November 4, Israeli Prime Minister Yitzhak Rabin is assassinated by Yigal Amir, an orthodox Jewish student opposed to Israeli withdrawals from the occupied West Bank. Shimon Peres becomes Prime Minister of Israel.
February--March 1996 A series of Hamas suicide bomb attacks kills 57 Israelis. Shimon Peres suspends negotiations with Syria. Hamas is an Islamist political group founded in 1988 that opposes Israel and rejects the Oslo peace process and other negotiations. Hamas is not an abbreviation but a nickname, and comes from Arabic for "zeal." The full name is Harakatu Mujawamati Islamiya, or Islamic Resistance Movement.
1996 In May, Likud candidate Binyamin Netanyahu wins the election for prime minister, defeating incumbent Shimon Peres, of the Labor party. Netanyahu had campaigned against the Labor party''s approach to the peace process, promising that he would provide "Peace with Security." Yet in September, violence claims the lives of 61 Arabs and 15 Israeli soldiers over Israel''s opening of an archaeological tunnel site close to Muslim shrines in Jerusalem.
January 17, 1997 Under the leadership of Prime Minister Binyamin Netanyahu, Israel hands over 80% of the West Bank town of Hebron to Palestinian rule, but holds on to the remainder, where several hundred Jewish settlers live among 20,000 Palestinians.
October 23, 1998 Israeli Prime Minister Binyamin Netanyahu signs the Wye River Memorandum outlining further Israeli withdrawals from the West Bank. The Wye River Memorandum resulted from meetings between President Bill Clinton and Netanyahu at the Wye Plantation in Maryland. The U.S. had been pressuring Israel to end 18 months of stagnation of the Israeli-Palestinian peace process.
1999 On May 19, Labor Party leader Ehud Barak is elected Prime Minister of Israel, defeating Likud party incumbent Binyamin Netanyahu. Barak campaigned on a platform of bringing an end to all of Israel''s conflicts with all its neighbors, Syria, Lebanon, and the Palestinians.
On September 5, 1999, Israel and the Palestinian Authority sign a revised deal based on the stalled Wye River accord, aimed at reviving the Middle East peace process. On November 8, 1999 final status talks resume between Israel and the Palestinians.
2000 In February a summit between Barak and Palestinian leader Yasser Arafat breaks up over a disagreement on a promised Israeli withdrawal from the West Bank under the revised Wye accord. Final status negotiations between Israel and the Palestinians are deadlocked as the deadline for a framework agreement (basic guidelines for an eventual final agreement for peace between Palestinians and Israelis) is missed. In March, Israel hands over part of the West Bank to Palestinians as part of a land transfer agreed to at the Wye River conferences of 1998. The land amounted to 6.1% of the total of the West Bank.
http://www.pbs.org/pov/pov2001/promises/timeline4.html
And by 2000, the beat goes on. . .
It was Bill Clinton who nudged a reluctant Israeli Prime Minister, Yitzhak Rabin, to set the seal on that accord by shaking hands with his old adversary, Palestinian leader Yasser Arafat, on the White House lawn.
But building on the Oslo accord proved to be one of the most daunting tasks of the 1990s.
Setbacks
Time and again the peace process has been derailed, whether by the suicide bombers of the militant Palestinian group Hamas, or by the hardline policies of Binyamin Netanyahu, the right-wing Israeli Prime Minister who never really accepted the formula of swapping land for peace.
When Mr Netanyahu was defeated in elections last year by a former general, Ehud Barak, President Clinton's hopes rose. Here at last was a man he could work with, and who seemed to have new and bold ideas about what needed to be done.
The focus of peace-making was initially on wooing Syria's President Hafiz al-Assad. But even before his death in June, that hope had evaporated. And Mr Barak and Mr Clinton abruptly switched their efforts to the Palestinian track of the peace process.
In an effort to force the pace, President Clinton summoned an eager Mr Barak and an unwilling Mr Arafat to the presidential retreat of Camp David, only to find after more than two weeks of intense negotiations that the Palestinian leader stood firm in demanding East Jerusalem - with its important religious sites - as the capital of a future Palestinian state.
http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/middle_east/920067.stm