The vote on Tuesday was on a proposal by Senator Byron L. Dorgan, Democrat of North Dakota, to eliminate the temporary worker program. His amendment failed, 64-31.
Employers say they want to hire foreign workers because they cannot find Americans to fill all the jobs in hotels, restaurants, nursing homes, hospitals and the construction industry.
"How about paying a decent wage?" Dorgan asked on the Senate floor. "You would find plenty of people to take these jobs."
Under the bill, 400,000 to 600,000 temporary foreign workers could enter the United States each year on two-year visas.
Dorgan said the numbers in the bill understated the size of the program. Because workers could renew their visas, he said, the number could total 1.1 million in the third year and could grow to 3.6 million in the 10th year.
Senator Barbara Boxer, Democrat of California, denounced the guest worker program, saying it would create a pool of "desperate low-wage workers" whom employers could easily exploit.
The Democrats voting to kill the guest worker program included the majority leader, Harry Reid of Nevada; the majority whip, Durbin; Robert Byrd of West Virginia; and Hillary Rodham Clinton of New York, who is seeking her party's presidential nomination.
Two other Democratic hopefuls, Senators Barack Obama of Illinois and Christopher Dodd of Connecticut, were absent. So was Senator John McCain of Arizona, who is seeking the Republican nomination.
The Republican leader, Mitch McConnell of Kentucky, defended the program, saying: "Temporary workers are obviously needed. We have almost full employment in this country."
Unions lobbied against the program. Linda Chavez-Thompson, executive vice president of the AFL-CIO, said the bill would provide employers with "a ready pool of labor that they can exploit to drive down wages, benefits, health and safety protections and other workplace standards."
Senator Edward Kennedy of Massachusetts, usually an ally of organized labor, rejected such criticism. Kennedy, the chief Democratic architect of the bill, said temporary foreign workers would "get the protections of the labor laws" and would be paid at least the local prevailing wages.
Kyl said the program could expand or shrink in response to the demand for labor.
"Wouldn't it be better to have a temporary worker program, where everybody is working within the law?" Kyl asked. "When we need temporary workers to build houses, for example, we would issue more of these two-year visas. When we don't need them, we would stop issuing the visas."
http://www.iht.com/articles/2007/05/23/america/23immig.php?page=1