@hightor,
hightor wrote:Right. The people who voted for them did. (Sanders voters who didn't back HRC)
Not to go too deep down the rabbit hole (OK, too late), but it might be worth pointing out here that the % of Bernie primary voters in 2016 that defected to Trump in the general election was actually
smaller than the % of Hillary primary voters in 2008 that went on to vote for McCain over Obama.
A massive 2017 Cooperative Congressional Election Study suggested that
12% of Bernie primary voters switched to Trump in the general election. A 2016 VOTER Survey
also found that 12% of Bernie primary voters went Trump in the general. According to a RAND Presidential Election Panel Survey (same link), it was just 6%.
Conversely, according to 2010 research in Public Opinion Quarterly,
no less than 25% of Clinton primary voters in the 2008 election ended up voting for McCain over Obama in the general. According to the 2008 Cooperative Campaign Analysis Project, it was 24% -- still twice as big a share as that of Bernie->Trump defections. And according to the 2008 exit polls,
it was 15%.
(Also, depending on which of the above-mentioned research you prefer, 32-34% of Kasich primary voters and 10-11% of Rubio 2016 primary voters switched parties in the general to vote for Clinton, underscoring that the number of Bernie->Trump voters was generally unremarkable for a losing primary campaign).
All of this is just about D->R switchers, whose defection 'counts double' after all (a vote less for the Dems, a vote more for the GOP). Defections to third party candidates are a different question. Harry Enten
passed on data from the American National Election Study (ANES) on Twitter which did cover this ground, as well as Dem->GOP defections. According to those, 11% of Bernie primary voters went for Trump in the general and 12% for third party candidates (4.5% Stein, 4% Johnson, 3.5% "other"). Which left 77% to vote for Hillary.
Compare Hillary's primary voters in 2008, according to ANES: 16% voted for McCain in the general election over Obama, 5% voted "Other", leaving 79.5% to vote for Obama. So if that's right, the overall balance was practically identical.
Defections to abstention is yet another question again, not covered the articles linked above (I didn't dig into the primary sources). But I suppose there's little reason to think the patterns there drastically differ from the patterns when it comes to party defections.. In any case, political scientist Brian Schaffner
told Vox, "it’s worth noting that very few of the primary voters stayed home." They're among the most politically engaged Americans, after all.
A broader perspective on that count is that the number of principled lefties you might intuitively think of when you hear "Bernie or Bust" is probably relatively marginal compared to the numbers of largely small-town, white, ancestrally Democratic but culturally moderate/conservative voters who flocked to Clinton as the "not-Obama" candidate in the 2008 primaries and to Bernie as "not-Clinton" candidate in 2016.
Bottom line: Bernie's primary voters do not seem to have defected from the Democratic camp in the general election in any particularly remarkable way. To belabor the obvious, like Nader's voters they are only singled out for resentment because the race ended up being extremely close. Bill Clinton and Barack Obama achieved a significant enough advantage over their Republican candidate in the electorate overall that it didn't matter if some usual minority of losing Dem primary voters switched sides. Like Al Gore, Hillary Clinton did not, so it suddenly mattered. But then in any election that hinges on very small margins, you can by definition identify an endless number of slices of the electorate that could've made the decisive difference if they (hadn't) switched or voted. Which one you pick to blame probably mostly reflects your priors.