@hightor,
Since the term "concentration camp" is widely associated with Nazi-Germany ...
From March 1915, internment camps of the Friedrich-Albrecht-Hütte for Polish workers in Barmen and Elberfeld, which belonged to the Krupp Group, were referred to as concentration camps ("Konzentrationslager"). This was followed by numerous internment camps and provisional prisons for deported forced labourers, prisoners of war and political "prisoners of war" in the First World War and in the early post-war period.
In the spring of 1919, during the term of office of the Prussian Prime Minister Paul Hirsch, the German Reich President Friedrich Ebert and the Minister of the Armed Forces Gustav Noske, thousands of (mostly communist) political opponents were interned within a very short time in connection with the Communist Spartacus uprising, which was similar to a civil war, on the basis of an imperial decree from the time of war, most recently updated in the "Law Concerning the Arrest and Residence Restrictions on the Basis of the State of War and the State of Siege of 4 December 1916".
The first concentration camps, aknown officially as "Concentration Camps" (
Konzentrationslager), were established in Germany around 1920.
For example, the Prussian Interior Minister Carl Severing (SPD) and his successor Alexander Dominicus (DDP) had two concentration camps set up in 1921 in the course of the mass expulsion of "East Jews" (
Ostjuden), but also Sinti, Roma and Yenish people, in Cottbus-Sielow and in Stargard in Pomerania, to which all those previously mentioned who did not immediately leave Germany voluntarily were admitted. Due to the inhuman conditions, however, these camps were disbanded after protests as early as 1923.
In the German-speaking world, however, the term "Konzentrationslager" (concentration camp) has been associated with the abbreviation "KZ" (whose origin has not been clarified) since the time of National Socialism, especially for the labour and extermination camps of the Nazi regime. Originally, the NS functionaries also used the much more obvious abbreviation "KL" (for "concentration camp"), but SS guards later preferred the abbreviation "KZ" because of its harder sound.