@Finn dAbuzz,
Thanks for taking the time and effort. My list would be somewhat different. Hoover and Taft wouldn't be included (that's an older version of conservatism). Goldwater, certainly, and Reagan (as a leader much more than as an ideologue). Strauss is something of a unique offshoot but one who ended up being influential with neoconservativism as realized under Bush 2. Hayek and Friedman also very influential as regards economic theory (I have georgeob in the Hayek camp). Then there's Buckley and he is an undeniable figure here (a little anecdote - in one of Woody Allen's early films, his character was covertly looking at the low-class porn magazines hanging side by side in a NY corner store. The camera panned across the magazine covers - "Humongous Knockers", "Swedish Slutz", "Juggs", "National Review", "Asian Babes")
But there are other key figures in this story. Robert Welch (John Birch) is certainly one even if we'd assumed his influence was merely historical. The Koch brothers (their dad was a central figure with Welch) are the modern version of this movement (though the earlier Birchers were serious anti-Semites, and though this set of notions still exists mainly in the south, I've seen no evidence suggesting it is carried on by the brothers). As founders of Cato, we can see the links between Bircherism and Hayek.
The religious right can't be ignored. Their influence on modern conservatism in the US is profound. So that's Schlafly, Falwell, Roberts, etc. But it's important to grasp that this element wasn't and isn't just Evangelicals and Southern Baptists, it is also a group of important Catholic figures who aligned with the others. Paul Weyrich is an extremely important figure in this story, coining the term "moral majority" and going on to found the Heritage Foundation and ALEC.
Richard Viguerie is another key figure, developing direct mailing for both commercial and political goals. Karl Rove was another early user of this technique and later on, its modern variants. Not very many people know about Viguerie and his influence but he's still around and still very active.
Above or aside from all that, the establishment of numerous conservative think tanks beginning mainly in the early to mid 70s (following on the famous Lewis Powell Memo) has built up a large network of allied entities designed to forward modern conservative ideas and to move those ideas into academia, media and political office and policy. The ideas, strategies and successes of modern movement conservatism can't be grasped without some understanding of this factor.