Listened to it on the way to karate last night. There was a similar report on NOW a few weeks ago.
NOW with Bill Moyers
ANNOUNCER: From our studios in New York, Bill Moyers.
MOYERS: Welcome to NOW.
For the wounded, war never ends. The scars remain even when the wounds heal. So, in Shakespeare's OTHELLO, Iago asks Cassio, "What? Are you hurt, Lieutenant?" And the soldier answers, "Aye, past all surgery."
Our veterans hospitals and nursing homes overflow with such casualties. World War II, Korea, Vietnam, the Persian Gulf, Afghanistan. They keep coming back, and even when the surgery's done, things are never the same, never quite right again.
In Iraq, for every soldier killed, seven are wounded ?- 1,300 since May 1. That's twice as many as were wounded during the war itself.
THE NEW REPUBLIC reports that nearly every night, under the cover of darkness, ambulances meet C-17 and C-141 transport planes flying into Andrews Air Force Base to ferry the wounded to military facilities. The government hasn't wanted us to see them.
But that's beginning to change as the numbers mount, and as journalists keep insisting on knowing who are these wounded and what's happening to them. We have our own report. Here's NOW's David Brancaccio and producer Dan Klein.
BRANCACCIO: Homecoming in Fort Wayne, Indiana last month for the National Guard's 293rd Infantry regiment.
20 miles south, in the town of Bluffton, another young vet from the 101st Airborne came home to a different kind of reception ?- one that was to leave him and his family nearly destitute.
Jason Stiffler followed a boyhood dream into the army at the age of 18. He was eager to defend his country. In return, he assumed it would take care of him.
JASON STIFFLER: I mean that was part of the agreement that we made on March 23rd, 01 which was when I signed up. I specifically remember that day it was the first thing I asked. If anything happens to me, will I be taken care of?" "Oh yeah. Yeah, yeah. Just sign right here."
BRANCACCIO: in January of 2002, Private First Class Stiffler was ordered to Afghanistan, leaving his wife Jacki and a son, Jason Jr. behind.
One night in April, he was manning a watchtower like this one at the Kandahar airport. That's when his memory goes dark.
JASON STIFFLER: I really don't know what happened.
BRANCACCIO: The tower collapsed. It's still unclear whether it was due to an engineering failure, an attack, or friendly fire. What is certain is that Jason Stiffler fell about 25 feet, suffering seizures at the scene. Eventually, he went into a coma.
BRANCACCIO: What kind of injuries did you end up with?
JASON STIFFLER: Spinal cord injury, head injury. Paralysis. I was a quadriplegic. I couldn't move anything from my neck down.
BRANCACCIO: At the Intensive Care Unit of the Army Medical Center in Landstuhl, Germany, a hopeful sign: Stiffler regained some feeling in his arms.
Next came six hard months at Walter Reed Army Medical Center in Washington. Arduous physical therapy helped him achieve limited use of his legs.
A year ago October, he was released from Walter Reed, and placed on the army's temporary duty list. He was now eligible for medical care and payments from the system the government has set up to help care for wounded vets like him for the rest of their lives, the Department of Veterans Affairs.
Abraham Lincoln supplied its motto: "To care for him who shall have borne the battle and for his widow and his orphan."
The Stifflers say they waited for a promised phone call from the VA that never came. With his physical and mental condition deteriorating, Jason visited the regional VA hospital in Fort Wayne. The hospital had no record of who he was and was able to offer only limited help.
JACKI STIFFLER: They were supposed to make him appointments for the physical therapy. And they were supposed to have him, you know, set and everything after he got out of the Army, to go to the VA. No, none of that was done.
BRANCACCIO: Jason Stiffler, badly wounded veteran of America's war on terror, was on his own.
JASON STIFFLER: There was a timeframe where I wasn't getting paid nothing.
BRANCACCIO: How did you make ends meet during that time?
JASON STIFFLER: Well, you know what they told us what they told us? Churches.
JACKI STIFFLER: Churches.
JASON STIFFLER: Family, friends, welfare.
BRANCACCIO: With Jack pregnant with their second child, and working nights at a low wage job, the Stifflers went on public assistance. It was seven months since he had returned from Afghanistan.
JASON STIFFLER: My car got taken away several times. 'Cause how am I gonna pay the bill? Pay the rent? Pay for gas? Pay for formula? Pay for food?
BRANCACCIO: And with no physical therapy or medical attention, Stiffler was losing the strength he had gained in his legs at Walter Reed. He also suffered from post-traumatic stress. Jacki Stiffler found him on the kitchen floor one night, a wild look in his eyes, pointing his crutch as if it were a gun ?- a flashback to his combat experience.
JACKI STIFFLER: I had to quit my job because of him going into a flashback. And he was with one of my kids. And I came home at two o'clock in the morning because I worked thirds. I came home early and he was in a flashback and thank God my son was sleeping. But after that I just
I couldn't work no more.
BRITTON: When we got to Jason and Jacki the first time, Smitty and I walked in, they had an eviction notice on their door.
BRANCACCIO: David Britton lives 20 miles from the Stifflers. He is a Vietnam-era vet who works on a General Motors assembly line in Indiana. When he heard about Jason Stiffler, he knew he had to do something.
BRITTON: We actually talked to their landlord that day. Well, their landlord knew that for them to get help they had to have the paper trail. So they were helping them, even though here's an eviction notice. That's when I started really getting very concerned.
BRANCACCIO: Britton runs his union's veterans committee. The Stifflers had never been union members or worked on the line. "No matter," said Britton and his colleagues. UAW Local 2209 ran swap meets and raffles to raise money for them, and brought food and toys at the holidays.
So here's the question: how can a severely wounded and disabled American serviceman reach such a state that he has to depend on the charity of strangers to survive?
The thing is, the VA has an annual budget of 60 billion dollars. It's the second largest agency in the federal government ?- only the Department of Defense is bigger. All the more troubling then that the military's neglect of Jason Stiffler is no isolated case.
And it's not always the VA that's at fault. Here at Fort Stewart, Georgia, reservists and national guard units on active duty were the subject a recent press report shedding light on shameful conditions for hundreds of the wounded and injured.
UNITED PRESS INTERNATIONAL reported last month that at Fort Stewart, about 600 "sick or injured members of the Army Reserves and National Guard are warehoused in rows of spare, steamy and dark cement barracks in a sandy field, waiting for doctors to treat their wounds or illnesses."
UPI has also reported that sick and wounded GI's at Fort Knox were waiting weeks, even months, for medical attention. They were housed "
in Spartan, dilapidated World War II-era barracks with leaking roofs, animal infestations, and no air conditioning in the Kentucky heat."
One corporal back from Iraq said, "it doesn't make any sense to go over there and risk your life and come back to this... it ain't fair and it ain't right."
At both bases, the Defense Department rushed in with money and medical personnel after the critical reports appeared.
BISEL: The system's broke flat. The system is there, it's in place, and the system will work for you if you know who to get a hold of. You got to know who to make mad to get the system to work.
BRANCACCIO: Billy Bisel is another Indiana veteran of the Afghanistan war. One day he came under mortar fire and dived for cover, breaking a bone in his neck and cracking a disc. Two surgeries later, he had a steel plate in his neck, and hands so numb he couldn't work his former jobs as a carpenter and welder.
When we met him, he and his wife and two children were living on $450 a month, plus, he says, a one-time after-tax severance from the army of about $7800, money eaten up all too quickly by expenses he incurred moving back to Indiana and just trying to keep up with his rent.
He tried to get a permanent rating from the Veterans Administration that would, he hoped, improve his benefits.
BISEL: I started calling to find out who I needed to talk to when I got home. All right, I was told that I needed to shut up and wait.
BRANCACCIO: They didn't say, "Shut up."
BISEL: Yes, they did.
BRANCACCIO: They said, "Shut up"?
BISEL: Literally. Yes. I needed to quit bitchin', I needed to quit complainin', I needed to just go home and wait until the paperwork comes in.
BRANCACCIO: 19 months after he got back from Afghanistan, Billy Bisel was still waiting.
In Washington, there's a Congressman trying to do something to change the system. New Jersey Republican Chris Smith was never a soldier, but he's fought hard on their behalf, sponsoring legislation to combat homelessness among vets, and to increase funding for the GI bill. Now he's trying to fix the plight of the wounded.
REP. SMITH: It's unacceptable. And the challenge that we have now is to ensure that this kind of mistake of not adequately caring for an individual who has served our country never happens again.
BRANCACCIO: Smith's battle includes pushing for better communication between Defense, the DOD, and Veterans Affairs, the VA.
REP. SMITH: When I was first elected 23 years ago, we passed a bill. It wasn't my bill but it was a very good bill. Sonny Montgomery and others worked on it, on DOD/VA sharing. When we went back and looked at it over the course of these years, there was almost no sharing. There was like a wall, a line of demarcation between the Department of Defense and the Veterans Administration, that really was counterproductive.
BRANCACCIO: There are more problems and they are extreme. For example, according to a report by the American Legion, the average time a vet has to wait to get a medical appointment at a VA facility is seven months.
REP. SMITH: Right now there are major gaps, computers that don't talk to computers. Missing assessments and medical histories. So that the veteran, unless he or she are really briefed and very effectively briefed, they come out and they go from a situation where they were, you know, part of the military 24/7 to being on their own without a clue, in many cases, as to where do they go if they do need some healthcare or something for treatment.
BRANCACCIO: In August, the WALL STREET JOURNAL ran an article laying bare the problem of wounded and neglected vets ?- a piece that featured Jason Stiffler.
It prompted a letter to the editor, calling the article "a wake up call." It was signed Anthony J. Principi, Secretary of Veterans Affairs.
PRINCIPI: It's a great cause to take care of them. And it hurts like hell when we fail.
BRANCACCIO: A cabinet-level official, Principi is not shy about admitting his department's shortcomings.
PRINCIPI: We're getting there but we're not
it's not seamless. One of our great challenges, we have information technology systems that are not compatible. I think the VA has world's finest computerized patient record system. But unfortunately the Defense Department has a different computerized system. And they don't really talk to one another.
BRANCACCIO: Can you pick up the phone and talk to Secretary Rumsfeld? Is there a system set up?
PRINCIPI: There is a system, and it's called the President of the United States who is pretty adamant about Secretary Rumsfeld and Secretary Principi breaking down the barriers between the two departments. I mean, on more than one occasion at a cabinet meeting, the President, somewhat off the cuff, will say to Don Rumsfeld, "How are you and Principi working? Are you two making progress?"
BRANCACCIO: Help us understand really this dual system. A soldier comes back and will probably still be in the other system ?- the Pentagon system, the military system. You have a separate system altogether.
PRINCIPI: Don Rumsfeld and I care for the same people at different points in their lives. While they're on active duty, they are under the jurisdiction of the Department of Defense. So when they return from combat, those that are wounded may go into a military hospital. I now have full-time coordinators from my department in military hospitals to ensure that when they're discharged ?- because the nature of their disability precludes them from remaining on active duty ?- that when they go back home that they're cared for.
BRANCACCIO: It's an important first step toward making the system work, one taken after the negative media attention.
One of the fulltime VA benefits coordinators is former army infantryman Chris Reid. Reid has a prosthetic right arm and right leg, terrible souvenirs of a firefight in Somalia in 1993.
Now he works at Walter Reed helping other wounded soldiers make the transition back to civilian life.
REID: Yesterday I came by. We filled the paperwork out so that is downtown being processed. Concerning his benefit and that should be done soon.
I think everyone would agree with me to make sure all our young men and women are taken care of concerning benefit both dual with VA and DOD and let them be briefed on those benefits that's available to them. Because if they're not told about it, then they end up going home and out in the wilderness lost and not being aware. And hear about it by word of mouth.
BRANCACCIO: 23-year-old Roy Gray was delivering food to his buddies in Iraq when mortar fire hit his truck. Shrapnel pierced his left thigh ?- he almost bled to death.
GRAY: I look up and I see my leg and I didn't know if it was still attached. Or what was going on. It was like crooked, every which way but right.
BRANCACCIO: The wards of Walter Reed are peopled with vets with life-altering injuries, many of the kind that would have resulted in death in earlier wars. But American fighting men and women are surviving terrible wounds like never before, thanks to faster evacuation procedures, better equipment and medicine. In fact, quality of treatment is not the issue here, either at military or VA hospitals.
WHITE: If you look at the doctors and the nurses and the staff people in a VA hospital, they provide excellent quality care.
BRANCACCIO: Todd White won four medals serving in the Vietnam War. He's now the National Vice Commander of the American Legion, the country's largest veterans' organization. He also volunteers at veterans hospitals where he's seen the care close up.
WHITE: The problem has always been trying to get that veteran in there to finally begin accept
or getting this quality care. And yes, it's a bureaucratic nightmare and it's unfortunate.
BRANCACCIO: Funding is also an issue, according to a coalition of veterans groups. It has calculated that next year, the VA will fall 1.8 billion dollars short of meeting the medical needs of veterans if Congress approves the current plan.
REP. SMITH: There's been chronic underfunding for years. And if you bleed a system long enough, and starve it long enough, you begin to have problems with infrastructure. Buildings begin to crumble. And we have an infrastructure, a bill that we're trying to get passed that would provide, you know, about $500 million each year to fix and repair a crumbling infrastructure that, you know, needs to be repaired. It's worth saving.
BRANCACCIO: After Jason Stiffler's story became front page news, his rating from the VA came through at 100% disability. He and his family, which now includes a baby daughter, Angel, receive $2900 a month from the VA. He credits the media attention.
So does Billy Bisel. After an article in the FORT WAYNE JOURNAL GAZETTE about his case, Bisel heard from the VA and the very day we showed up with our camera, a letter arrived with his permanent disability rating, which increased his payment from $450 to $1400 a month.
For Congressman Chris Smith, doing right by America's veterans is simply a matter of justice.
REP. SMITH: I think the biggest risk is the moral obligation and the sacred duty that we have to care for, as Lincoln said, for him who was born this nation's battle, and for his widow, and for his orphan. That is a sacred obligation that we can't ever lower our guard, or diminish our response, even one iota.
BRANCACCIO: Smith recently held a hearing, the sixth one in less than two years, he says, about trying to improve conditions for the sick and injured leaving military service.
One captain in the army reserve who has served for 10 years spoke up to question whether the military was making good on its promises to new recruits. Her name? Arvilla Stiffler, Jason Stiffler's mother.
ARVILLA STIFFLER [at hearing]: As a captain in the U.S. Army Reserves and after witnessing my son's journey, I feel if recruiters would inform new recruits the consequences if injured included an expectation to become frustrated with a system that leaves you below the poverty line, forces you on food stamps and into a welfare system and lastly will make you wait long periods of time to receive medical care, I ask you would you sign up?
JASON STIFFLER: I was defending our country cause of September 11th. So why should I have to? Why should any soldier, at that matter? If they're gonna send us over there they should take care of us. [/quote]