33
   

Which Religion is the One True Religion?

 
 
RexRed
 
  1  
Reply Mon 8 Aug, 2005 10:36 am
Frank Apisa wrote:
RexRed wrote:
Frank

I think it is a contradiction to call God a barbarian...


Okay...so I apologize to the barbarians.


Quote:


God never threw a stone...

He only (the Bible says) made a set of laws that he was at first unwilling to give.

Why would God be hesitant to give the law?

Would God who is so etherial give law?

Is there a set of laws that can truly guide a person in every situation?

What about grace and mercy how can they exist in a system of laws?

If a judge shows favoritism toward one person and not toward another is there a law for that too?

Frank, you want a black and white answer and God gave the law to show the absence of mercy/grace so as to provoke the human spirit to grow and develop toward a more tolerant society...

Do you think God would actually write laws?

I think laws are a poor desperate attempt to counterfeit the true nature and power of the holy spirit...

Laws cannot dictate love, love must come from within.. Love must come from reason, logic and a fair shake with God... not an ordinance and a mandate.

The old testament was the best that holy people could do in spiritually dark deficient times...

...yet, today we can "know" the holy spirit...

Ephesians 3:14-21

14 For this cause I bow my knees unto the Father of our Lord Jesus Christ,
15 Of whom the whole family in heaven and earth is named,
16 That he would grant you, according to the riches of his glory, to be strengthened with might by his Spirit in the inner man;
17 That Christ may dwell in your hearts by faith; that ye, being rooted and grounded in love,
18 May be able to comprehend with all saints what is the breadth, and length, and depth, and height;
19 And to know the love of Christ, which passeth knowledge, that ye might be filled with all the fulness of God.
20 Now unto him that is able to do exceeding abundantly above all that we ask or think, according to the power that worketh in us,
21 Unto him be glory in the church by Christ Jesus throughout all ages, world without end. Amen.



peace with God...


The god you worship is a murderous barbarian.

Damn...I did it again.


Frank, that is not a reply that is a copout...
0 Replies
 
Frank Apisa
 
  1  
Reply Mon 8 Aug, 2005 10:41 am
RexRed wrote:
Frank Apisa wrote:
RexRed wrote:
Frank

I think it is a contradiction to call God a barbarian...


Okay...so I apologize to the barbarians.


Quote:


God never threw a stone...

He only (the Bible says) made a set of laws that he was at first unwilling to give.

Why would God be hesitant to give the law?

Would God who is so etherial give law?

Is there a set of laws that can truly guide a person in every situation?

What about grace and mercy how can they exist in a system of laws?

If a judge shows favoritism toward one person and not toward another is there a law for that too?

Frank, you want a black and white answer and God gave the law to show the absence of mercy/grace so as to provoke the human spirit to grow and develop toward a more tolerant society...

Do you think God would actually write laws?

I think laws are a poor desperate attempt to counterfeit the true nature and power of the holy spirit...

Laws cannot dictate love, love must come from within.. Love must come from reason, logic and a fair shake with God... not an ordinance and a mandate.

The old testament was the best that holy people could do in spiritually dark deficient times...

...yet, today we can "know" the holy spirit...

Ephesians 3:14-21

14 For this cause I bow my knees unto the Father of our Lord Jesus Christ,
15 Of whom the whole family in heaven and earth is named,
16 That he would grant you, according to the riches of his glory, to be strengthened with might by his Spirit in the inner man;
17 That Christ may dwell in your hearts by faith; that ye, being rooted and grounded in love,
18 May be able to comprehend with all saints what is the breadth, and length, and depth, and height;
19 And to know the love of Christ, which passeth knowledge, that ye might be filled with all the fulness of God.
20 Now unto him that is able to do exceeding abundantly above all that we ask or think, according to the power that worketh in us,
21 Unto him be glory in the church by Christ Jesus throughout all ages, world without end. Amen.



peace with God...


The god you worship is a murderous barbarian.

Damn...I did it again.


Frank, that is not a reply that is a copout...


Nah...it definitely is a reply....and in no way is it a copout.

It is merely an iteration of something you cannot seem to comprehend.

But I'm not gonna give up on you, Rex...and you can count on that.

I love ya, Rex.
0 Replies
 
neologist
 
  1  
Reply Mon 8 Aug, 2005 11:02 am
Well, so far this AM, I would have to say ours is the most intellectually stimulating exchange of posts, my friend. And, I do wish you would chip in more often.

I'm off for the day. See ya! Smile
0 Replies
 
timberlandko
 
  1  
Reply Mon 8 Aug, 2005 11:02 am
RexRed wrote:
Actually we do have electrical forces like a lightning storm (spark) going on when ever we think a thought... these "sparks" travel through the human body at the speed of light...

This is science.. this same light that is in our brain is also in the core of the sun and every part of the universe. Even vacuum is made of energy arrays.

Energy is matter at the speed of light.

And to see this collective energy as connected to God is only slight recognition and progression of logic...

All of life indicates intelligent design and the fact that we are here and reality is real proves something...

I see you have a rather skewed grasp of both physics and physiology - unsurprising.

Quote:
You on the other hand have no proof "at all" that God is not real...

Nor does he claim to have any such proofs.

Quote:
Your guesses go against common logic... creation itself and it's obvious existence is certainly a reason to admire, respect, revere, even worship etc... the unknown...

No, his is the only position consistent with logic. It is dispassionate, objective, and not exclusionary.

Quote:
How about some humility toward the unknown rather than indignation. There are certainly unarguably many things that collectively are "known"...

It seems you become unwilling to trust knowledge only when it relates to God... Is that not rather bold and boisterously trying to cajole the truth from suppressed logic?

That would be projection - and unwarranted assumption - on your part, Rex.

Quote:
This may not be because you do not know God but you disallow that knowledge any room for consideration.

Nonsense. There is no denial or disallowance of consideration from Frank's quarter; he explicity says he's willing to consider valid evidence, which, however, has not been provided, therefore nothing is there to consider.

Quote:
Maybe Frank you should wonder if your intentions are honest to God...

I know I should ask that to myself everyday...

Smile

Lets get back to square one - what about the Abrahamic mythopaeia validates it - let alone elevates it above any competing theo-philosophic myth system? What, apart from conviction and passion on the parts of its adherents, differentiates it, or any of them, from superstition?
0 Replies
 
neologist
 
  1  
Reply Mon 8 Aug, 2005 11:09 am
I know I promised to leave; I just couldn't leave this one to fester all day:
timberlandko wrote:
RexRed wrote:
Actually we do have electrical forces like a lightning storm (spark) going on when ever we think a thought... these "sparks" travel through the human body at the speed of light...

This is science.. this same light that is in our brain is also in the core of the sun and every part of the universe. Even vacuum is made of energy arrays.

Energy is matter at the speed of light.

And to see this collective energy as connected to God is only slight recognition and progression of logic...

All of life indicates intelligent design and the fact that we are here and reality is real proves something...

I see you have a rather skewed grasp of both physics and physiology - unsurprising.

Quote:
You on the other hand have no proof "at all" that God is not real...

Nor does he claim to have any such proofs.

Quote:
Your guesses go against common logic... creation itself and it's obvious existence is certainly a reason to admire, respect, revere, even worship etc... the unknown...

No, his is the only position consistent with logic. It is dispassionate, objective, and not exclusionary.

Quote:
How about some humility toward the unknown rather than indignation. There are certainly unarguably many things that collectively are "known"...

It seems you become unwilling to trust knowledge only when it relates to God... Is that not rather bold and boisterously trying to cajole the truth from suppressed logic?

That would be projection - and unwarranted assumption - on your part, Rex.

Quote:
This may not be because you do not know God but you disallow that knowledge any room for consideration.

Nonsense. There is no denial or disallowance of consideration from Frank's quarter; he explicitly says he's willing to consider valid evidence, which, however, has not been provided, therefore nothing is there to consider.

Quote:
Maybe Frank you should wonder if your intentions are honest to God...

I know I should ask that to myself everyday...

Smile

Lets get back to square one - what about the Abrahamic mythopaeia validates it - let alone elevates it above any competing theo-philosophic myth system? What, apart from conviction and passion on the parts of its adherents, differentiates it, or any of them, from superstition?
Yeah ,what you said. Except for calling Frank dispassionate and objective; Yikes!
0 Replies
 
Amigo
 
  1  
Reply Mon 8 Aug, 2005 01:16 pm
RexRed wrote:
Amigo wrote:
RexRed wrote:
Amigo wrote:
Religion is a product of man not god.It is as flawed and self-rightous as men.So I believe there can be no one true Religon.None of them could be totally right.Only god is perfect.Religion is not an answer it's a barrier.



What would you prefer a barrier between you and people or a barrier between you and God?
I don't prefer either but if I had to I would choose a barrier between me and god.It would be selfish to choose god over people. We the living. Thats what matters, not god.What point are you trying to demonsrate


Yea, let's ignore our creator so we can pretend we are Gods...

Then we don't have to worry about the "self-righteous" Bible... (sarcasm)


Ro 10:3
For they being ignorant of God's righteousness, and going about to establish their own righteousness, have not submitted themselves unto the righteousness of God.

Php 3:9
And be found in him, not having mine own righteousness, which is of the law, but that which is through the faith of Christ, the righteousness which is of God by faith:
Why does god give us the power of logic and reason and then ask us to abandon it. Are you saying I can't be right without god.I know murder is wrong with or without god. Only I understand it is wrong without blind faith. What if god tells me to kill the infidels?Is that rightous? Now I'm self-rightous and pretending to be god because I don't like religion.You have judged me I have not judged you.Through your bible I have been judged for thinking.
0 Replies
 
RexRed
 
  1  
Reply Mon 8 Aug, 2005 06:09 pm
Frank Apisa wrote:
RexRed wrote:
Frank Apisa wrote:
RexRed wrote:
Frank

I think it is a contradiction to call God a barbarian...


Okay...so I apologize to the barbarians.


Quote:


God never threw a stone...

He only (the Bible says) made a set of laws that he was at first unwilling to give.

Why would God be hesitant to give the law?

Would God who is so etherial give law?

Is there a set of laws that can truly guide a person in every situation?

What about grace and mercy how can they exist in a system of laws?

If a judge shows favoritism toward one person and not toward another is there a law for that too?

Frank, you want a black and white answer and God gave the law to show the absence of mercy/grace so as to provoke the human spirit to grow and develop toward a more tolerant society...

Do you think God would actually write laws?

I think laws are a poor desperate attempt to counterfeit the true nature and power of the holy spirit...

Laws cannot dictate love, love must come from within.. Love must come from reason, logic and a fair shake with God... not an ordinance and a mandate.

The old testament was the best that holy people could do in spiritually dark deficient times...

...yet, today we can "know" the holy spirit...

Ephesians 3:14-21

14 For this cause I bow my knees unto the Father of our Lord Jesus Christ,
15 Of whom the whole family in heaven and earth is named,
16 That he would grant you, according to the riches of his glory, to be strengthened with might by his Spirit in the inner man;
17 That Christ may dwell in your hearts by faith; that ye, being rooted and grounded in love,
18 May be able to comprehend with all saints what is the breadth, and length, and depth, and height;
19 And to know the love of Christ, which passeth knowledge, that ye might be filled with all the fulness of God.
20 Now unto him that is able to do exceeding abundantly above all that we ask or think, according to the power that worketh in us,
21 Unto him be glory in the church by Christ Jesus throughout all ages, world without end. Amen.



peace with God...


The god you worship is a murderous barbarian.

Damn...I did it again.


Frank, that is not a reply that is a copout...


Nah...it definitely is a reply....and in no way is it a copout.

It is merely an iteration of something you cannot seem to comprehend.

But I'm not gonna give up on you, Rex...and you can count on that.

I love ya, Rex.


Well thanks Frank

back at ya...

I know you have a heart...

...God told me Smile

You do express yourself rather well in most cases...

In spite of the fact that we seem to be on opposite ends of the spectrum I still feel like you teach me good things every now and then and for that reason I find profit in what you have to say...

Hell it would be dull if I did not have you to toss ideas at...

I sometimes wonder if you are not the biggest Christian of us all trying to play devils advocate just to see if you can get someone to reaffirm the reasons why you do believe...

Just in case anyone has ever wondered I have never entertained the notion of devil worship...

I know that is right out of the blue but I have felt people wonder it...
I just thought I might set you all straight.
I was raised in Christianity and have never departed from my faith in God...

But I am also one that has ventured far into the worlds devices and I sometimes feel stained... but my faith in the true God "never" wavers...

I have escaped most curses in life...

I like a good ghost story even though I do not believe in "ghosts"...

I love people even though I do not believe in the same things they believe in.

I think the "forum" itself has an element of God in it...

and I am rambling haha Smile
0 Replies
 
RexRed
 
  1  
Reply Mon 8 Aug, 2005 06:31 pm
Amigo wrote:
RexRed wrote:
Amigo wrote:
RexRed wrote:
Amigo wrote:
Religion is a product of man not god.It is as flawed and self-rightous as men.So I believe there can be no one true Religon.None of them could be totally right.Only god is perfect.Religion is not an answer it's a barrier.



What would you prefer a barrier between you and people or a barrier between you and God?
I don't prefer either but if I had to I would choose a barrier between me and god.It would be selfish to choose god over people. We the living. Thats what matters, not god.What point are you trying to demonsrate


Yea, let's ignore our creator so we can pretend we are Gods...

Then we don't have to worry about the "self-righteous" Bible... (sarcasm)


Ro 10:3
For they being ignorant of God's righteousness, and going about to establish their own righteousness, have not submitted themselves unto the righteousness of God.

Php 3:9
And be found in him, not having mine own righteousness, which is of the law, but that which is through the faith of Christ, the righteousness which is of God by faith:
Why does god give us the power of logic and reason and then ask us to abandon it. Are you saying I can't be right without god.I know murder is wrong with or without god. Only I understand it is wrong without blind faith. What if god tells me to kill the infidels?Is that rightous? Now I'm self-rightous and pretending to be god because I don't like religion.You have judged me I have not judged you.Through your bible I have been judged for thinking.





We are born with the "nature" of the world... [things get worse and worse or corrupt]

We need to receive the "nature" of God... [things get better and better]

2Pe 1:4
Whereby are given unto us exceeding great and precious promises: that by these ye might be partakers of the divine nature, having escaped the corruption that is in the world through lust.

Comment:

The emphasis is not to make ourselves good for God... but, we rescue God from the sin placed on him by the world and render God holy again...

Again the emphasis is not to make ourselves holy before Christ and confess all of our sins... but, we confess the saviour from sin...

We do not have our own righteousness but the righteousness of God...
0 Replies
 
RexRed
 
  1  
Reply Mon 8 Aug, 2005 06:40 pm
timberlandko wrote:
RexRed wrote:
Actually we do have electrical forces like a lightning storm (spark) going on when ever we think a thought... these "sparks" travel through the human body at the speed of light...

This is science.. this same light that is in our brain is also in the core of the sun and every part of the universe. Even vacuum is made of energy arrays.

Energy is matter at the speed of light.

And to see this collective energy as connected to God is only slight recognition and progression of logic...

All of life indicates intelligent design and the fact that we are here and reality is real proves something...

I see you have a rather skewed grasp of both physics and physiology - unsurprising.

Quote:
You on the other hand have no proof "at all" that God is not real...

Nor does he claim to have any such proofs.

Quote:
Your guesses go against common logic... creation itself and it's obvious existence is certainly a reason to admire, respect, revere, even worship etc... the unknown...

No, his is the only position consistent with logic. It is dispassionate, objective, and not exclusionary.

Quote:
How about some humility toward the unknown rather than indignation. There are certainly unarguably many things that collectively are "known"...

It seems you become unwilling to trust knowledge only when it relates to God... Is that not rather bold and boisterously trying to cajole the truth from suppressed logic?

That would be projection - and unwarranted assumption - on your part, Rex.

Quote:
This may not be because you do not know God but you disallow that knowledge any room for consideration.

Nonsense. There is no denial or disallowance of consideration from Frank's quarter; he explicity says he's willing to consider valid evidence, which, however, has not been provided, therefore nothing is there to consider.

Quote:
Maybe Frank you should wonder if your intentions are honest to God...

I know I should ask that to myself everyday...

Smile

Lets get back to square one - what about the Abrahamic mythopaeia validates it - let alone elevates it above any competing theo-philosophic myth system? What, apart from conviction and passion on the parts of its adherents, differentiates it, or any of them, from superstition?


I am not saying that Frank is claiming to have proof...

I am saying that a theist has more proof than an atheist.

So that tips the scales and even an agnostic as Frank should realize this...
0 Replies
 
timberlandko
 
  1  
Reply Mon 8 Aug, 2005 09:23 pm
Neither the theist nor the atheist has any proof whatsoever; conviction, yeah - passion, yeah. Proof? Nope - not a bit of it. Ramble all you want in and out of your mythopaeia's myths, texts and traditions; all they "prove" is that there are myths, texts and traditions Now what both the theist and the atheist have aplenty is the arrogance to claim, in the total absence of either scientically or forensically valid evidence, that they have "The Answer". Thats just plain silly, either way it stacks.

I'm curious, Rex - have you read Aquinas' Summa Theologica? You might do well to familiarize yourself with it. At great lenght, and in great depth and detail, the objections to Christian beliefs are presented, examined, disected, and refuted - refuted, that is, if indeed there must be and is a god and that god is the god of the Abrahamic mythopaeia. However, even though Aquinas proceeds from an illicit premis, he forges a powerful argument - about the only flaw in which is that initial illicit premis concerning the nature of the universe. You see, there is no reason to conclude there must be a god, let alone to conclude that if there be a god, that god be the god of Abrahamic tradition, and further it is unsupportable to conclude that, even if stipulated, that god is in particular the god of the Christian subset of the Abrahamic tradition - thats a bit of a simplification, but even then thats way, way too many assumptions, too many "givens". The Answer may be attainable, it may not be. Whatever, despite claims on either side, no one can produce a validly argued answer. It comes down to superstition. Apart from its man-made holy trappings, nothing differentiates faith from superstition - nothing evidenced so far, anyway.
0 Replies
 
Setanta
 
  1  
Reply Mon 8 Aug, 2005 09:27 pm
The only problem with what you've written is that it assumes that an atheist is someone who denies the existence of god. While this may be true of many self-professed atheists, there are a great many people who simply don't care, consider it not to be a question, who are labelled atheist by those who do have a dog in the fight. So it is important to note that such people not only have no proof, they seek no proof, one way or the other.
0 Replies
 
cicerone imposter
 
  1  
Reply Mon 8 Aug, 2005 09:57 pm
This one is timely:


Three little boys were concerned because they couldn't get anyone to play
with them. They decided it was because they had not been baptized and didn't
go to Sunday School. So they went to the nearest church. Only the janitor
was there.

One little boy said, "We need to be baptized because no one will come out
and play with us. Will you baptize us?"

"Sure," said the janitor. He took them into the bathroom and dunked their
heads in the toilet bowl, one at a time.

Then he said, "Now go out and play." When they got outside, dripping wet,
one of them asked, "What religion do you think we are?"

The oldest one said, "We're not Kathlick, because they pour the water on
you."

"We're not Babtis, because they dunk all of you in the water."

"We're not Methdiss, because they just sprinkle you."

The littlest one said, "Didn't you smell that water!"

"Yeah! What do you think that means?"

"I think it means we're Pisscopalians!"
0 Replies
 
neologist
 
  1  
Reply Mon 8 Aug, 2005 10:16 pm
cicerone imposter wrote:
This one is timely:


Three little boys were concerned because they couldn't get anyone to play
with them. They decided it was because they had not been baptized and didn't
go to Sunday School. So they went to the nearest church. Only the janitor
was there.

One little boy said, "We need to be baptized because no one will come out
and play with us. Will you baptize us?"

"Sure," said the janitor. He took them into the bathroom and dunked their
heads in the toilet bowl, one at a time.

Then he said, "Now go out and play." When they got outside, dripping wet,
one of them asked, "What religion do you think we are?"

The oldest one said, "We're not Kathlick, because they pour the water on
you."

"We're not Babtis, because they dunk all of you in the water."

"We're not Methdiss, because they just sprinkle you."

The littlest one said, "Didn't you smell that water!"

"Yeah! What do you think that means?"

"I think it means we're Pisscopalians!"
HEHEHEEHEEHE Laughing
0 Replies
 
timberlandko
 
  1  
Reply Mon 8 Aug, 2005 10:16 pm
Good 'un, c. i, - thanks for the laugh.
0 Replies
 
neologist
 
  1  
Reply Mon 8 Aug, 2005 10:58 pm
timberlandko wrote:
The Answer may be attainable, it may not be. Whatever, despite claims on either side, no one can produce a validly argued answer. It comes down to superstition. Apart from its man-made holy trappings, nothing differentiates faith from superstition - nothing evidenced so far, anyway.
Nevertheless, faith is not synonymous with either superstition or credulity. The word implies certainty.

Not all who profess faith have certainty based on reason. I'm not even certain in my own case. I keep testing as did the ancient Beroeans. Were it not for the fact that the bible hits the nail exactly on the head in so many observations, I could never have accepted any of it.

If you want examples, first consider Jesus' description of the religious leaders in his day and see how accurately they fit the clergy of today and all the years before or in between.
0 Replies
 
shiyacic aleksandar
 
  1  
Reply Tue 9 Aug, 2005 02:32 am
When one proceeds to attain the Souls vision (vision of the Self), one has to negate everything one perceives as being Non-Self, until at the end of the journey, the Soul alone is cognised. The Soul admits of no definition, no description, no designation. It is the end of enquiry, the culmination of all endeavour, the silence that swallows all speech. The primary seed of knowledge is "I am not the body". It contains three entities: I, Body and Not. I is the Soul, the only truth. The idea 'I' applies only to the eternal 'I', over which, the transient 'I' is superimposed by ignorance born out of false identification with the body.
0 Replies
 
Frank Apisa
 
  1  
Reply Tue 9 Aug, 2005 03:04 am
[quote="RexRed]

I am not saying that Frank is claiming to have proof...

I am saying that a theist has more proof than an atheist.[/quote]

C'mon, Rex.

You have no proof. You have damn near no evidence...and almost all of the evidence is ambiguous.

Quote:

So that tips the scales and even an agnostic as Frank should realize this...


Jeez! What an imagination!

You ought to write fiction.





Come to think of it...you do!
0 Replies
 
Frank Apisa
 
  1  
Reply Tue 9 Aug, 2005 03:12 am
Thanks Timber...thanks Set.

Somehow, though, I don't think logic will penetrate Rex. Twisted Evil
0 Replies
 
Frank Apisa
 
  1  
Reply Tue 9 Aug, 2005 03:17 am
neologist wrote:
timberlandko wrote:
The Answer may be attainable, it may not be. Whatever, despite claims on either side, no one can produce a validly argued answer. It comes down to superstition. Apart from its man-made holy trappings, nothing differentiates faith from superstition - nothing evidenced so far, anyway.
Nevertheless, faith is not synonymous with either superstition or credulity. The word implies certainty.


There are a bunch of things the worth faith implies...like bone-headedness...like silliness...like absurd insistence...

...but one thing it does not imply...is certainty.


Quote:
Not all who profess faith have certainty based on reason.
Truer words were never spoken!!!!!!!

In fact, none do...but why bother with something like that, right?


Quote:
I'm not even certain in my own case.


Yeah...we realize that!


Quote:
I keep testing as did the ancient Beroeans. Were it not for the fact that the bible hits the nail exactly on the head in so many observations, I could never have accepted any of it.


What a laugh. You testing. You are completely close-minded, Neo.


Quote:
If you want examples, first consider Jesus' description of the religious leaders in his day and see how accurately they fit the clergy of today and all the years before or in between.


The fact that you obviously have disdain for certain religions does not make your own guesswork about REALITY any more logical, Neo.
0 Replies
 
real life
 
  1  
Reply Tue 9 Aug, 2005 06:25 am
Setanta wrote:
The only problem with what you've written is that it assumes that an atheist is someone who denies the existence of god. While this may be true of many self-professed atheists, there are a great many people who simply don't care, consider it not to be a question, who are labelled atheist by those who do have a dog in the fight. So it is important to note that such people not only have no proof, they seek no proof, one way or the other.


It appears that you have a dog in the fight also.
0 Replies
 
 

Related Topics

700 Inconsistencies in the Bible - Discussion by onevoice
Why do we deliberately fool ourselves? - Discussion by coincidence
Spirituality - Question by Miller
Oneness vs. Trinity - Discussion by Arella Mae
give you chills - Discussion by Bartikus
Evidence for Evolution! - Discussion by Bartikus
Evidence of God! - Discussion by Bartikus
One World Order?! - Discussion by Bartikus
God loves us all....!? - Discussion by Bartikus
The Preambles to Our States - Discussion by Charli
 
Copyright © 2025 MadLab, LLC :: Terms of Service :: Privacy Policy :: Page generated in 0.06 seconds on 05/05/2025 at 08:49:08