Story from BBC NEWS:
http://news.bbc.co.uk/go/pr/fr/-/2/hi/middle_east/3483089.stm
Published: 2004/07/01 09:49:33 GMT
© BBC MMIV
Profile: Abu Musab al-Zarqawi
Abu Musab al-Zarqawi - a man notorious for his alleged ruthlessness - has been linked to al-Qaeda and is the prime suspect in some of the deadliest attacks around the world.
Washington has accused the 37-year-old Jordanian radical of masterminding a string of spectacular suicide bombings in Iraq.
Mr Zarqawi is also said to have been involved in the beheading of an American contractor, Nick Berg, shown on a video released on 11 May.
The website broadcasting the killing said Mr Zarqawi was the man who cut off Berg's head - and the statement in the video was signed off with the militant's name.
Mr Zarqawi was sentenced to death in absentia by a Jordanian court on charges of plotting attacks against US and Israeli targets in the kingdom.
And Spanish officials are also reported to be looking into allegations that he may have been behind the Madrid bombings on 11 March 2004, which killed 191 people.
Little else is known about him - least of all his present whereabouts.
Elusive
Analysts say the fugitive has no shortage of friends - he is of Bedouin stock, and his tribe, the Beni Hassan, straddles many borders in the modern Middle East.
The US is now offering a $25m reward for the capture of Mr Zarqawi - the "wild card" in its pack of wanted men - more than doubling the previous figure of $10m.
The original bounty on his head - $5m - was doubled after American authorities intercepted a letter which, they claimed, confirmed he was working with al-Qaeda to drive the US out of Iraq.
But it is not the first time Mr Zarqawi has been linked to al-Qaeda.
Rival or ally?
In the run-up to the Iraq war in February 2003, US Secretary of State Colin Powell told the United Nations Mr Zarqawi was an associate of Osama Bin Laden who had sought refuge in Iraq.
Intelligence reports indicated he was in Baghdad and - according to Mr Powell - this was a sure sign that Saddam Hussein was courting al-Qaeda, which, in turn, justified an attack on Iraq.
But some analysts contested the claim, pointing to Mr Zarqawi's historical rivalry with Bin Laden.
Both men rose to prominence as "Afghan Arabs" - leading foreign fighters in the "jihad" against Soviet forces in Afghanistan in the 1980s.
After the Soviets were defeated, Mr Zarqawi went back to Jordan.
He spent seven years in prison there, accused of conspiring to overthrow the monarchy and establish an Islamic caliphate.
Not long after his release, he fled the country.
Jordan tried him in absentia and sentenced him to death for allegedly plotting attacks on American and Israeli tourists.
Western intelligence indicated Mr Zarqawi had sought refuge in Europe.
German security forces later uncovered a militant cell which claimed Mr Zarqawi was its leader.
The cell-members also told their German interrogators their group was "especially for Jordanians who did not want to join al-Qaeda".
According to the German intelligence report, this "conflicts with... information" from America.
Kurdish connection
The next stop on his itinerary was his old stamping ground - Afghanistan.
He is believed to have set up a training camp in the western city of Herat, near the border with Iran.
Students at his camp supposedly became experts in the manufacture and use of poison gases.
It is during this period that Mr Zarqawi is thought to have renewed his acquaintance with al-Qaeda.
He is believed to have fled to Iraq in 2001 after losing a leg in a US missile strike on his Afghan base.
US officials argue that it was at al-Qaeda's behest that he moved to Iraq and established links with Ansar al-Islam - a group of Kurdish Islamists from the north of the country.
He is thought to have remained with them for a while - feeling at home in mountainous northern Iraq.
When US aid official Laurence Foley was gunned down in Amman in October 2002, the Jordanian authorities claimed he had masterminded and financed the attack.
If the intelligence agencies are to be believed, it was just the beginning of a busy year for Mr Zarqawi.
Sectarian strategy
In 2003, he was named as the brains behind a series of lethal bombings - from Casablanca in Morocco to Istanbul in Turkey.
It is in Iraq, though, that he appears to be most active.
The assassination of the Shia cleric, Ayatollah al-Hakim, at a shrine in the town of Najaf, was one of the bloodiest attacks in Iraq last year - over 50 Shia worshippers died.
US authorities pinned the blame on Mr Zarqawi.
The intercepted "Zarqawi" letter released by the Americans in February 2004 seems to support their claim.
In it, the author appeared to share his plans for igniting sectarian conflict in Iraq as a means of undermining the US presence there. And he claims to have already undertaken 25 successful attacks against the enemy.
Within days of the letter's release, bomb attacks on recruiting centres for the Iraqi security forces had killed nearly 100 people.
In some of the latest violence, a group linked to Mr Zarqawi is suspected of carrying out a wave of attacks in late June that killed more than 100 people and injured hundreds more in attacks in five Iraqi cities.
His followers claimed responsibility for the attacks in a statement on an Islamic website.