@Baldimo,
Which Thomas Jefferson are we looking at?
The Character of Thomas Jefferson
By Joseph J. Ellis
365 pages. Alfred A. Knopf. $26.
Thomas Jefferson, author of the Declaration of Independence and the third President of the United States, remains one of the most enigmatic of historical figures -- the ''American Sphinx,'' as the title of Joseph J. Ellis's compelling new book puts it. His life, after all, stands as a messy tangle of contradictions: he was an aristocrat who was suspicious of elites, an avatar of freedom who owned slaves, a spendthrift who believed in governmental austerity; a worldly philosopher who championed agrarian values; a nearly lifelong politician who repeatedly insisted he wanted nothing so much as to retire to his plantation in Virginia.
Since his death in 1826, Jefferson has been embraced by wildly divergent political movements, from Southern secessionists who cited him on behalf of states' rights to Northern Abolitionists who quoted his words from the Declaration of Independence, from conservatives fed up with government regulations to liberals committed to the institutionalization of equality. After 30 years of work on his life, one of his many biographers, Merrill Peterson, confessed that ''Jefferson remains for me, finally, an impenetrable man.''