the day in the history

i want to say : thank you Thok, for offering us this everyday


sincerely, Robert.

1943: Italy's surrender announced

General Dwight D Eisenhower tells the world of the secret capitulation five days ago by the Italian Government.

Miner being supported by two others 1950: Miners trapped underground by landslide
Rescuers say 116 miners trapped in Knockshinnoch Castle colliery in Scotland following a landslide are safe.

Police survey the devastation caused by the Omagh bomb in August 1998 (AP) 1998: Real IRA announce ceasefire
The dissident republican group behind Northern Ireland's worst atrocity declares its violence at an end.

Lorries drive slowly along the A1 (PA) 2000: French fuel protests spread to UK
The fuel protests which have been crippling France for the past week reach Britain with a series of actions across the country.

The car wreckage 1986: Pinochet survives rebel ambush
The president of Chile escapes an attempt on his life in a fierce attack killing five of his bodyguards and wounding 11 more.

1565 - A Spanish expedition established the first permanent European settlement in North America at present-day St. Augustine, FL.

1664 - The Dutch surrendered New Amsterdam to the British, who then renamed it New York.

1866 - The first recorded birth of sextuplets took place in Chicago, IL. The parents were James and Jennie Bushnell.

1892 - An early version of "The Pledge of Allegiance" appeared in "The Youth's Companion."

1893 - In New Zealand, the Electoral Act 1893 was passed by the Legislative Council. It was consented by the governor on September 19 giving all women in New Zealand the right to vote.

1888 - In London, The body of Annie Champman was found. She was the second victim of "Jack The Ripper."

1900 - Galveston, TX, was hit by a hurricane that killed about 6,000 people.

1921 - Margaret Gorman of Washington, DC, was crowned the first Miss America in Atlantic City, NJ.

1934 - A fire aboard the liner Morro Castle off the New Jersey coast killed 134 people.

1935 - U.S. Senator Huey P. Long, "The Kingfish" of Louisiana politics, was shot and mortally wounded. He died two days later.

1945 - In Washington, DC, a bus equipped with a two-way radio was put into service for the first time.

1945 - Bess Myerson of New York was crowned Miss America. She was the first Jewish contestant to win the title.

1951 - A peace treaty with Japan was signed by 48 other nations in San Francisco, CA.

1952 - The Ernest Hemingway novel "The Old Man and the Sea" was published.

1960 - NASA's Marshall Space Flight Center in Huntsville, AL, was dedicated by U.S. President Dwight D. Eisenhower. The facility had been activated in July earlier that year.

1966 - NBC-TV aired the first episode of "Star Trek" entitled "The Man Trap". The show was canceled on September 2, 1969.

1971 - In Washington, DC, the John F. Kennedy Center for the Performing Arts was inaugurated. The opening featured the premiere of Leonard Bernstein's "Mass."

1973 - Hank Aaron hit his 709th home run.

1974 - U.S. President Ford granted an unconditional pardon to former U.S. President Nixon.

1975 - In Boston, MA, public schools began their court-ordered citywide busing program amid scattered incidents of violence.

1986 - Herschel Walker made his start in the National Football League (NFL) after leaving the New Jersey Generals of the USFL.

1994 - 132 people were killed when A USAir Boeing 737 crashed as it was approaching Pittsburgh International Airport.

1997 - America Online acquired CompuServe.

1997 - The 10th U.S. Circuit Court of Appeals affirmed the conviction of Timothy McVeigh for his role in the bombing of a federal building in Oklahoma City, OK.

1998 - Mark McGwire, of the St. Louis Cardinals, hit his 62nd home run of the season. He had beaten a record that had stood for 37 years by Roger Maris. McGwire would eventually reach 70 home runs on September 27.

1999 - Russia's Mission Control switched off the Mir space station's central computer and other systems to save energy during a planned six months of unmanned flights.

1999 - U.S. Attorney General Janet Reno named former U.S. Senator John Danforth to head an independent investigation into the 1993 fire at the Branch Davidian compound in Waco, TX.

Here's a few, Thok:

Know Your History -- September 8th

1883 -- Hunkpapa Sioux Chief Sitting Bull (Tatanka Iyotake), spoke at the celebration of the driving of the last spike in the Northern Pacific railroad, joining it with the transcontinental railroad system. He delivered the speech in the Sioux language, departing from one originally prepared with an Army translator. Denouncing the US government, settlers & the Army, the listeners thought he was delivering a speech of welcome & praise. While speaking, Sitting Bull paused for applause periodically, bowed, smiled & continued insulting & making asses of the audience & US authorities as the translator delivered the original address.

1955 -- The US, Australia, France, Great Britain, New Zealand, the Philippines, Pakistan, & Thailand signed the mutual defense treaty that established the Southeast Asia Treaty Organization (SEATO), to stop the spread of communism in Korea & Indochina (Vietnam, Cambodia & Laos).

1972 -- Arab terrorists killed 11 Israeli athletes at the Munich Olympics.

1978 -- In Iran 95 people died in anti-Shah demonstrations. The Iranian army fired on Khomeini followers in Teheran, hundreds were killed.

horrible.

What did they use?
bomb?

No, at first " Black September ", a Palestinian guerrilla group, stole into the Olympic Village dressed as athletes and carrying their weapons in gym bags. Then they killed two Israelis and took nine hostage and demanded the release of 200 Arab guerrillas jailed in Israel and safe passage for themselves and the hostages. A few days later and any fights then there were all killed.

1971: British diplomat freed after eight months

The British Ambassador, Geoffrey Jackson, has been freed eight months after being captured by extreme left-wing guerrillas in Uruguay.

Belgian riot policeman in Heysel Stadium (AP) 1987: Liverpool fans to stand trial in Belgium
Twenty-five English football fans involved in the Heysel stadium disaster are extradited to Belgium.

RUC badge 1999: Report urges sweeping reform of RUC
The Royal Ulster Constabulary should undergo wholesale reform, a Police Review Commission report recommends.

Chairman Mao 1976: Chairman Mao Zedong dies
One of the greatest leaders of the Chinese revolution Chairman Mao Zedong dies at the age of 82.

India's High Commissioner in Britain 1988: Indian cricket tour 'cancelled'
English cricket captain Graham Gooch and seven other members of his squad are refused visas to travel to India.

490 B.C. - The Battle of Marathon took place between the invading Persian army and the Athenian Army. The marathon race was derived from the events that occurred surrounding this battle.

1776 - The second Continental Congress officially made the term "United States", replacing the previous term "United Colonies."

1836 - Abraham Lincoln received his license to practice law.

1850 - California became the 31st state to join the union.

1898 - In Omaha, NE, Tommy Fleming of Eau Claire, WI won the first logrolling championship.

1890 - Harland Sanders was born. He was the founder of Kentucky Fried Chicken.

1893 - U.S. President Grover Cleveland's wife, Frances Cleveland, gave birth to a daughter, Esther. It was the first time a president's child was born in the White House.

1904 - Mounted police were used for the first time in the City of New York.

1911 - Italy declared war on the Ottoman Turks and annexed Libya, Tripolitania, and Cyrenaica in North Africa.

1919 - The majority of Boston's police force went on strike. The force was made up of 1,500 men.

1919 - Alexander Graham Bell and Casey Baldwin's HD-4, a hydrofoil craft, set a world marine speed record.

1926 - The National Broadcasting Company (NBC) was created by the Radio Corporation of America (RCA).

1942 - Japan dropped incendiaries over Oregon in an attempt to set fire to the forests in Oregon and Washington. The forest did not ignite.

1943 - During World War II Allied forces landed at Taranto and Salerno.

1946 - Ben Alexander hosted "Heart's Desire" for the first time on the Mutual Broadcasting System.

1948 - North Korea became the People's Democratic Republic of Korea.

1950 - Sal Maglie of the New York Giants pitched a fourth consecutive shutout. Only four other pitchers in the National League had ever accomplished this feat.

1957 - The first civil rights bill to pass Congress since Reconstruction was signed into law by U.S. President Eisenhower.

1965 - French President Charles de Gaulle announced that France was withdrawing from NATO to protest the domination of the U.S. in the organization.

1965 - Sandy Koufax of the Los Angeles Dodgers pitched the eighth perfect game in major league baseball history.

1971 - Inmates seized control of the Attica Correctional Facility near Buffalo, NY. Nine prisoners were held hostage and died along with their 32 captors when the prison was stormed four days later.

1971 - Gordie Howe of the Detroit Red Wings retired from the National Hockey League (NHL).

1976 - Communist Chinese leader Mao Tse-tung died at the age of 82.

1979 - Tracy Austin, at 16, became the youngest player to win the U.S. Open women's tennis title.

1983 - The Soviet Union announced that the Korean jetliner the was shot down on September 1, 1983 was not an accident or an error.

1984 - Walter Payton of the Chicago Bears broke Jim Brown's combined yardage record when he reached 15,517 yards.

1986 - Frank Reed was taken hostage in Lebanon by pro-Iranian kidnappers. The director of a private school in Lebanon was released 44 months later.

1986 - Ted Turner presented the first of his colorized films on WTBS in Atlanta, GA.

1986 - Gennadiy Zakharov was indicted by a New York jury on espionage charges. Zakharov was a Soviet United Nations employee.

1987 - Mickey Spillane's Mike Hammer aired for the last time on CBS.

1990 - Liberian President Samuel K. Doe was captured and killed by rebels.

1993 - Israeli and PLO leaders agreed to recognize each other.

1993 - Former Philippine President Ferdinand Marcos was buried in his homeland. The event occurred about four years after his death in exile.

1993 - U.S. and Pakistani peacekeepers opened fire on Somalis that were attacking other peacekeepers. About a hundred Somali gunmen and civilians were killed.

1994 - The U.S. agreed to accept about 20,000 Cuban immigrants a year. This was in return for Cuba's promise to halt the flight of refugees.

1994 - Los Angeles prosecutors announced that they would not seek the death penalty against O.J. Simpson.

1994 - The space shuttle Discovery blasted off on an 11-day mission.

1995 - Amtrak's Broadway Limited service made its final run between New York City, NY and Chicago, IL.

1997 - Sinn Fein, the IRA's political ally, formally renounced violence as it took its place in talks on Northern Ireland's future.

1998 - Independent Counsel Kenneth Starr delivered to the U.S. Congress 36 boxes of material concerning his investigation of U.S. President Clinton.

1998 - Four tourists who had paid $32,500 each were taken in submarine to view the wreckage of the Titanic. The ship is 2 miles below the Atlantic off Newfoundland.

1999 - At least 93 people were killed when a bomb exploded in an apartment building in Moscow, Russia.

1999 - The Sega Dreamcast game system went on sale. By 1:00pm all Toys R Us locations in the U.S. had sold out.

thanks thok

Actually, at 11 p.m. on the same day (all started at 4:30 in the morning) the hostages, five of their captors and oneGerman police officer were dead. Three Arabs were captured.
11 Israeli Olympians survived.

Two months later when, on October 29, a Lufthansa jet was hijacked and demands made for the release of the Munich three, these were released.

But later they were killed.

1973: Bomb blasts rock central London

Scotland Yard hunts a teenage suspect after two bombs at mainline stations injure 13 people and bring chaos to central London.

Colonel Mike Dent and Sierra Leonean soldier (AP) 2000: Daring rescue frees jungle hostages
One British paratrooper is killed and 11 injured during a bold mission to rescue six hostages being held in the Sierra Leonean jungle.

Mike Smith 1988: BBC presenters in helicopter crash
The television presenters Mike Smith and Sarah Greene are seriously injured in a helicopter crash in Gloucestershire.

Biba sign over former Derry and Tom's store, Kensington High St 1973: Big Biba opens its doors
Fashionable Biba opens a huge department store in London's Kensington High Street offering everything from trendy clothes to designer furniture and a food hall.

American Express card 1963: American Express comes to Britain
American Express, one of the world's largest banking houses, opens a credit card service in Britain.

1608 - John Smith was elected president of the Jamestown, VA colony council.

1794 - America's first non-denominational college was charted. Blount College later became the University of Tennessee.

1813 - The first defeat of British naval squadron occurred in the Battle of Lake Erie during the War of 1812. The leader of the U.S. fleet sent the famous message "We have met the enemy, and they are ours" to U.S. General William Henry Harrison.

1845 - King Willem II opened Amsterdam Stock exchange.

1846 - Elias Howe received a patent for his sewing machine.

1847 - The first theater opened in Hawaii.

1862 - Rabbi Jacob Frankel became the first Jewish Army chaplain.

1897 - British police arrest George Smith for drunken driving. It was the first DWI.

1899 - A second quake in seven days hit Yakutat Bay, AK. It measured 8.6.

1913 - The Lincoln Highway opened. It was the first paved coast-to-coast highway in the U.S.

1919 - New York City welcomed home 25,000 soldiers and Gen. John J. Pershing who had served in the First Division during World War I.

1919 - Austria and the Allies signed the Treaty of St.-Germain-en-Laye. Austria recognized the independence of Poland, Hungary, Czechoslovakia and Yugoslavia.

1921 - The Ayus Autobahn in Germany opened near Berlin. The road is known for its nonexistent speed limit.

1923 - The Irish Free state joined the League of Nations.

1924 - Leopold and Loeb were found guilty of murdering a small boy. The case is known as the first "thrill kill."

1926 - Germany joined the League of Nations.

1935 - "Popeye" was heard on NBC radio for the first time.

1939 - Canada declared war on Germany.

1940 - In Britain, Buckingham Palace was hit by German bomb.

1942 - U.S. President Franklin Roosevelt mandated gasoline rationing as part of the U.S. wartime effort.

1943 - German forces began their occupation of Rome during World War II.

1945 - Vidkun Quisling was sentenced to death in Norway for his collaboration with Nazi Germany after the 1940 invasion. He was the founder of Norway's National Party in 1934, which was an imitation of Hitler's National Socialist Party.

1948 - Mildred "Axis Sally" Gillars was indicted for treason in Washington, DC. Gillars was a Nazi radio propagandist during World War II. She was convicted and spent 12 years in prison.

1950 - Eddie Cantor began working on TV on the "Colgate Comedy Hour" on NBC.

1951 - Britain began an economic boycott of Iran.

1951 - Florence Chadwick became the first American woman to swim the English Channel from both coasts.

1953 - Swanson began selling its first "TV dinner."

1955 - "Gunsmoke" premiered on CBS.

1955 - Bert Parks began a 25-year career as host of the "Miss America Pageant" on NBC.

1956 - Great Britain performed a nuclear test at Maralinga, Australia.

1961 - Mickey Mantle tied a major league baseball record for home runs when he hit the 400th of his career.

1963 - Twenty black students enter public schools in Alabama at the end of a standoff between federal authorities and Alabama governor George C. Wallace.

1972 - Gayle Sayers of the Chicago Bears retired from the National Football League (NFL).

1974 - Lou Brock of the St. Louis Cardinals set a new major league baseball record when he stole his 105th base of the season.

1977 - Hamida Djandoubi, convicted of murder, became the last person to be executed by guillotine in France.

1977 - "Mickey Finn" appeared in the comic pages for the last time.

1979 - U.S. President Carter granted clemency to four Puerto Rican nationalists who had been imprisoned for an attack on the U.S. House of Representatives in 1954 and an attempted assassination of U.S. President Truman in 1950.

1981 - Pablo Picasso's mural Guernica was received in the town of Guernica.

1984 - The Federal Communications Commission changed a rule to allow broadcasters to own 12 AM and 12 FM radio stations. The previous limit was 7 of each.

1985 - In El Salvador President Jose Napoleon Duarte's oldest daughter was kidnapped by leftist rebels. Ines Guadelupe Duarte Duran was freed the next month in a prisoner exchange.

1989 - Hungary gave permission to thousands of East German refugees and visitors to immigrate to West Germany.

1990 - Iran agreed to resume full diplomatic ties with past enemy Iraq.

1990 - Iraq's Saddam Hussein offered free oil to developing nations in an attempt to win their support during the Gulf War Crisis.

1992 - In Minneapolis, MN, a federal jury struck down professional football's limited free agency system.

1995 - A plane with a skydivers club aboard crashed in Shacklesford, VA, killing 10 parachutists, the pilot, and a man on the ground.

1998 - Mac Davis received a star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame.

1998 - U.S. President Clinton met with members of his Cabinet to apologize, ask forgiveness and promise to improve as a person in the wake of the scandal involving Monica Lewinsky.

1998 - Northwest Airlines announced an agreement with pilots, ending a nearly two-week walkout.

1999 - A bronze sculpture of a war horse just over 24 feet high was dedicated in Milan, Italy.

2002 - The "September 11: Bearing Witness to History " exhibit opened at the Smithsonian's National Museum of American History.

2003 - Sweden's Foreign Minister Anna Lindh was stabbed while shopping in a department store. She died the next day from her wounds.

2001: US rocked by day of terror

The United States is in a state of shock after a day of attacks which left thousands dead and the World Trade Center destroyed.

President Salvador Allende 1973: President overthrown in Chile coup
President Salvador Allende of Chile - the world's first democratically-elected Marxist head of state - dies in a revolt led by the armed forces.

Anna Lindh (copyright: AP) 2003: Anna Lindh dies of stab injuries
The Swedish Foreign Minister, Anna Lindh, dies of her injuries after she is stabbed in a Stockholm department store.

Georgi Markov 1978: Umbrella stab victim dies
Writer and broadcaster Georgi Markov dies of blood poisoning, four days after he said he was stabbed with an umbrella at a London bus stop.

The Marlborough Diamond 1980: Famous gem grabbed in armed raid
The Marlborough diamond is stolen from a London jewellers in a bold £1m robbery.

1960: Rudolph takes third Olympic gold
The American runner Wilma Rudolph confirms her place in sporting history with a third Olympic gold medal in Rome

1969: Shelter exposes slum homelessness
The housing charity, Shelter, says up to three million people in Britain are living in damp, overcrowded slum conditions.

1297 - Scotsman William Wallace defeated the English forces of Sir Hugh de Cressingham at the Battle of Stirling Bridge.

1777 - American forces, under General George Washington, were forced to retreat at the Battle of Brandywine by British forces under William Howe. The Stars and Stripes were carried for the first time in the battle.

1789 - Alexander Hamilton was appointed by U.S. President George Washington to be the first secretary of the treasury.

1814 - The U.S. fleet defeated a squadron of British ships in the Battle of Lake Champlain, VT.

1842 - 1,400 Mexican troops captured San Antonio, TX. The Mexicans retreated with prisoners.

1875 - "Professor Tidwissel's Burglar Alarm" was featured in the New York Daily Graphic and became the first comic strip to appear in a newspaper.

1877 - The first comic-character timepiece was patented by the Waterbury Clock Company.

1883 - The mail chute was patented by James Cutler. The new device was first used in the Elwood Building in Rochester, NY.

1897 - A ten-week strike of coal workers in Pennsylvania, WV, and Ohio came to an end. The workers won and eight-hour workday, semi-monthly pay, and company stores were abolished.

1910 - In Hollywood, the first commercially successful electric bus line opened.

1926 - In Honolulu Harbor, HI, the Aloha Tower was dedicated.

1936 - Boulder Dam in Nevada was dedicated by U.S. President Franklin D. Roosevelt by turning on the dam's first hydroelectric generator. The dam is now called Hoover Dam.

1941 - U.S. President Franklin D. Roosevelt gave orders to attack any German or Italian vessels found in U.S. defensive waters. The U.S. had not officially entered World War II at this time.

1941 - Charles A. Lindbergh brought on charges of anti-Semitism with a speech in which he blamed "the British, the Jewish and the Roosevelt administration" for trying to draw the United States into World War II.

1941 - In Arlington, VA, the groundbreaking ceremony for the Pentagon took place.

1951 - Florence Chadwick became the first woman to swim the English Channel in both directions.

1952 - Dr. Charles Hufnagel successfully replaced a diseased aorta valve with an artificial valve made of plastic.

1954 - The Miss America beauty pageant made its network TV debut on ABC. Miss California, Lee Ann Meriwether, was the winner.

1959 - The U.S. Congress passed a bill authorizing the creation of food stamps.

1964 - "Friday Night Fights" was seen for the last time.

1967 - The Carol Burnett Show premiered on CBS.

1970 - The last "Get Smart" episode aired on CBS-TV.

1971 - Former Soviet leader Nikita Krushchev died at the age of 77 from a heart attack.

1973 - Chilean President Salvador Allende died in a violent coup. Police said he committed suicide. The coup was widely believed to have been linked to the CIA.

1974 - "Little House On The Prairie" made its television debut.

1974 - The St. Louis Cardinals and the New York Mets set a National League record when they played 25 innings. It was the second longest game in professional baseball history.

1985 - Pete Rose of the Cincinnati Reds achieved hit number 4,192 to break the record held by Ty Cobb.

1985 - A U.S. satellite passed through the tail of the Giacobini-Zinner comet. It was the first on-the-spot sampling of a comet.

1990 - U.S. President Bush vowed "Saddam Hussein will fail" while addressing Congress on the Persian Gulf crisis.

1991 - Soviet President Mikhail Gorbachev announced that thousands of troops would be drawn out of Cuba.

1991 - 51 prisoners were released by Israel.

1992 - Hurricane Iniki struck Hawaii. The storm damaged or destroyed over 10,000 homes and killed at least 5 people.

1994 - Actress Jessica Tandy died at the age of 85 in Easton, CT.

1997 - John Lee Hooker received a star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame.

1997 - Scotland voted to create its own Parliament after 290 years of union with England.

1998 - Independent counsel Kenneth Starr sent a report to the U.S. Congress accusing President Clinton of 11 possible impeachable offenses.

1999 - The Wall Street Journal reported that Bayer Corp. had quit putting a wad of cotton in their bottles of aspirin. Bayer had actually stopped the practice earlier in the year.

2001 - In the U.S., four airliners were hijacked and were intentionally crashed. Two airliners hit the World Trade Center, which collapsed shortly after, in New York City, NY. One airliner hit the Pentagon in Washington, DC. Another airliner crashed into a field in Pennsylvania. About 3,000 people were killed.

2002 - Nick Nolte was arrested for allegedly driving under the influence of alcohol or drugs. He was released later in the day on $2,500 bail.

2003 - Sweden's Foreign Minister Anna Lindh died from stab wounds inflicted by an unknown assailant the previous day.

2001: US declares war on terror

The President of the United States describes the destruction caused in New York and Washington as an act of war against all freedom-loving people.

Steve Biko 1977: Steve Biko dies in custody
The leader of the black consciousness movement in South Africa, Steve Biko, dies in police custody.

Dawson's Field in Jordan 1970: Hijacked jets destroyed by guerrillas
Palestinian militants blow up the three planes they have been holding at an airfield in the Jordanian desert.

Johnny Cash 2003: Johnny Cash dies
One of the great legends of country music, Johnny Cash, dies after a short illness.

Donald Dewar (PA) 1997: Scots say 'Yes' to home rule
Scotland votes decisively for home rule in a referendum on how they want the country to be governed.

1959: Soviets launch rocket at the moon
A massive Russian rocket, carrying 860lb (391kg) of scientific instruments, is successfully launched at the moon.

1609 - English explorer Henry Hudson sailed down what is now known as the Hudson River.

1814 - During the War of 1812, the Battle of North Point was fought in Maryland.

1866 - "The Black Crook" opened in New York City. It was the first American burlesque show.

1873 - The first practical typewriter was sold to customers.

1878 - Patent litigation involving the Bell Telephone Company against Western Union Telegraph Company and Elisha Gray began. The issues were over varios telephone patents.

1914 - The first battle of Marne ended when the allied forces stopped the German offensive in France.

1916 - Adelina and August Van Buren finished the first successful transcontinental motorcycle tour to be attempted by two women. They started in New York City on July 15, 1916.

1918 - During World War I, At the Battle of St. Mihiel, U.S. Army personnel operate tanks for the first time. The tanks were French-built.

1922 - The Episcopal Church removed the word "Obey" from the bride's section of wedding vows.

1928 - Katharine Hepburn made her stage debut in the play "The Czarina." Four years later she made her film debut in "A Bill of Divorcement."

1938 - In a speech, Adolf Hitler demanded self-determination for the Sudeten Germans in Czechoslovakia.

1940 - The Lascaux paintings were discovered in France. The cave paintings were 17,000 years old and were some of the best examples of art from the Paleolithic period.

1943 - During World War II, Benito Mussolini was taken by German paratroopers from the Italian government that was holding him.

1944 - U.S. Army troops entered Germany, near Trier, for the first time during World War II.

1947 - "Meet the Press" began airing weekly. The show premiered on NBC-TV on November 6, 1947.

1953 - U.S. Senator John F. Kennedy married Jacqueline Lee Bouvier.

1953 - Nikita Krushchev was elected as the first secretary of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union.

1954 - "Lassie" made its television debut on CBS. The last show aired on September 12, 1971.

1959 - The Soviet Union launched Luna 2. On September 13 it became the first space probe to reach the moon.

1963 - The last episode of "Leave it to Beaver" was aired. The show had debuted on October 4, 1957.

1966 - "Family Affair" premiered on CBS television.

1974 - Violence occurred on the opening day of classes in Boston, MA, due opposition to court-ordered school "busing."

1974 - Emperor Haile Selassie was taken out of power by Ethiopia's military after ruling for 58 years.

1977 - South African anti-apartheid activist Stephen Biko died at the age of 30. The student leader died while in police custody which triggered an international outcry.

1979 - Carl Yastrzemski of the Boston Red Sox became the first American League player to get 3,000 career hits and 400 career home runs.

1980 - Ayatollah Ruhollah Khomeini listed four conditions for the release of American hostages taken on November 4, 1979. The conditions were the unfreezing of Iranian assets, the return of the shah's wealth to Iran, the cancellation of U.S. claims against Iran, and a U.S. pledge of noninterference in Iran's internal affairs.

1983 - Arnold Schwarzenegger became a U.S. citizen. He had emigrated from Austria 14 years earlier.

1984 - Michael Jordan signed a seven-year contract to play basketball with the Chicago Bulls.

1984 - Dwight Gooden of the New York Mets set a rookie strikeout record with his 251st strikeout of the season.

1986 - Joseph Cicippio was kidnapped in Beirut. He was the acting comptroller at the American University in Beirut. Cicippio was released in December of 1991.

1986 - The U.S. released Soviet physicist Gennadiy Zakharov and the Soviet Union released journalist Nicholas Daniloff. Both were put into the custody of their respective countries pending their espionage trials.

1988 - Hurricane Gilbert hit Jamaica killing 45 people and causing about $1 billion in damage.

1991 - The space shuttle Discovery took off on a mission to deploy an observatory that was to study the Earth's ozone layer.

1992 - Police in Peru captured Shining Path founder Abimael Guzman.

1992 - Dr. Mae Carol Jemison became the first African-American woman in space. She was the payload specialist aboard the space shuttle Endeavor. Also onboard were Mission Specialist N. Jan Davis and Air Force Lieutenant Colonel Mark C. Lee. They were the first married couple to fly together in space. And, Mamoru Mohri became the first Japanese person to fly into space.

1994 - Frank Corder was killed when he crashed a stolen, single-engine Cessna on the South Lawn of the White House.

1995 - Two Americans were killed when their hydrogen balloon was shot down by the Belarussian military during an international race.

1993: Rabin and Arafat shake on peace deal

The Prime Minister of Israel, Yitzhak Rabin, and the PLO leader, Yasser Arafat, shake hands on the White House lawn in Washington.

Ian Duncan Smith (PA) 2001: Duncan Smith is new Tory leader
A relatively unknown former soldier and standard bearer of the Tory right is elected the new leader of the Conservative Party.

Cuban Ambassador Oscar Fernandez-Mell 1988: Cubans blame shooting on 'CIA plot'
A Cuban diplomat opened fire in a crowded London street because of an American plot to make him defect, his government says.

Hercules the bear 1980: Missing Scottish bear is found
The bear who went missing on a Scottish island while being filmed for a television commercial is recaptured.

1759 - The French were defeated by the British on the Plains of Abraham in the final French and Indian War.

1788 - The Constitutional Convention decided that the first federal election was to be held on Wednesday the following February. On that day George Washington was elected as the first president of the United States. In addition, New York City was named the temporary national capital.

1789 - The United States Government took out its first loan.

1847 - U.S. forces took the hill Chapultepec during the Mexican-American War.

1862 - During the American Civil War General Lee's Order No. 191 was found by federal soldiers in Maryland.

1898 - Hannibal Williston Goodwin patented celluloid photographic film, which is used to make movies.

1922 - In El Azizia, Libya, the highest shade temperature was recorded at 136.4 degrees Fahrenheit.

1937 - The first broadcast of "Kitty Keene, Incorporated" was heard on the NBC Red network.

1943 - Chiang Kai-shek became the leader of China.

1948 - The School of Performing Arts opened in New York City. It was the first public school to specialize in performing arts.

1948 - Margaret Chase Smith was elected to the U.S. Senate and became the first woman to serve in both houses of the U.S. Congress.

1949 - The Ladies Professional Golf Association of America was formed.

1959 - The Soviet Union's Luna 2 became the first space probe to reach the moon. It was launched the day before.

1960 - The U.S. Federal Communications Commission banned payola.

1970 - The first New York City Marathon took place. Fireman Gary Muhrucke won the race.

1971 - In New York, National Guardsmen stormed the Attica Correctional Facility and put an end to the four-day revolt. 32 prisoners and 9 guards were killed in the final assault. A committee was organized to investigate the riot on September 30, 1971.

1971 - The World Hockey Association was formed.

1977 - The first diesel automobiles were introduced by General Motors.

1988 - Forecasters reported that Hurricane Gilbert's barometric pressure measured 26.13. It was the strongest hurricane ever recorded in the Western Hemisphere.

1993 - "Late Night with Conan O'Brien" premiered on NBC.

1993 - Israel and Palestine signed their first major agreement. Palestine was granted limited self-government in the Gaza Strip and in Jericho.

1994 - U.S. President Bill Clinton signed a $30 billion crime bill into law.

1995 - A grenade was fired at the U.S. Embassy in Moscow. The wall was pierced but there were no injuries.

1998 - The New York Times closed its Web site after hackers added offensive material.

1999 - At least 119 people were killed when a bomb exploded in Moscow, Russia.

yeah. that spectacular battle in the movie Brave Heart