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Why does God permit evil????

 
 
kennethamy
 
  1  
Reply Sat 7 Nov, 2009 02:15 pm
@xris,
xris;102363 wrote:
With that in mind every inanimate object is potentially evil. Champagne corks kill nine people a year on average, beware the curse of the evil champers corks.


Sure. Extrinsically evil, but not intrinsically. But, of course, earthquakes have more evil effects than do champagne corks. But not all evil is intentional evil. Disease is an evil, but there is no intention. Evils are just very bad occurrences that cause pain or suffering. Something can be an evil without its being evil. Perhaps that is the distinction that is bothering you.
stew phil
 
  1  
Reply Sat 7 Nov, 2009 02:27 pm
@Shlomo,
Shlomo;102302 wrote:


We face a dilemma: either attribute the atrocities of this world to God's failing to build a good world, or assume that our vision is limited.


False Dilemma: both choices entail a belief in God. How about a case where there is no JCI God, and that atrocities committed are subject to moral evaluation, without appealing to a divine being.


Shlomo;102302 wrote:

In first case we are simply doomed, and it is the worst personal tragedy which can ever happen, because it doesn't matter are we right or wrong, nothing is going to be fixed.


It doesn't? I can surely tell you that when genocide happens, it is very wrong. I do not have to appeal to any divine moral source/standard to say why such an act is wrong, I can sufficiently describe the repugnance of such an act relative to the normative values we hold.

Shlomo;102302 wrote:

This approach is also absurd, because it implies that we are perfect while our Creator is not.


Does it? You'll have to explain to me why that is the case.

Shlomo;102302 wrote:

Taking the second alternative seems to be the solution for a religious skeptic. And this solution can be practically tested (Follow king Solomon's example). Keep in mind that a religious skeptic who has resolved the problem of evil is no longer a skeptic Smile.


Again, an appeal to a false dilemma. I can agree that our vision is limited, without any reference to a God.
xris
 
  1  
Reply Sat 7 Nov, 2009 02:39 pm
@kennethamy,
kennethamy;102365 wrote:
Sure. Extrinsically evil, but not intrinsically. But, of course, earthquakes have more evil effects than do champagne corks. But not all evil is intentional evil. Disease is an evil, but there is no intention. Evils are just very bad occurrences that cause pain or suffering. Something can be an evil without its being evil. Perhaps that is the distinction that is bothering you.
The question for me is that evil is an intent to do harm. It has to be aware of its intentions. If you like, extrinsically, but that is a contradiction in terms.
kennethamy
 
  1  
Reply Sat 7 Nov, 2009 04:37 pm
@xris,
xris;102368 wrote:
The question for me is that evil is an intent to do harm. It has to be aware of its intentions. If you like, extrinsically, but that is a contradiction in terms.


Well, intentional evil of course is-intentional. That is sometimes also called "moral evil". But non-intentional evil of course is-unintentional sometimes called non-moral evil). Why is extrinsic evil a contradiction in terms. It means only that the effects are evil, but not necessarily the thing itself. Of course, something can be both intrinsically and extrinsically evil. For example, pain is both. In itself, since it hurts, and extrinsically because of its effect (expense, annoyance to others, and so forth).
prothero
 
  1  
Reply Sat 7 Nov, 2009 04:38 pm
@Alan McDougall,
Discussions of the problem of evil frequently divide evil into moral evil (that caused by human choice and free will) and natural evil (that caused by nature and natural events earthquakes, floods, famine, pestilence, disease, etc). If the conception of the divine is one of omnipotence (all the power belongs to god) and creation ex nihilo (the world was created by god according to his exact plan and specifications) then both types of evil "belong to god" so to speak.

If one thinks free will is non existent or an illusion then it would seem moral evil would be an illusion also or that both types of evil are equivalent and "natural". In any event mechanistic determinism and divine omnipotence are roughly equivalent in their implications for meaningful "free will" and for "moral evil." Man is relieved of true responsiblity by "nature" on the one hand and by "god" on the other. It turns out I reject both.
kennethamy
 
  1  
Reply Sat 7 Nov, 2009 04:44 pm
@prothero,
prothero;102379 wrote:
Discussions of the problem of evil frequently divide evil into moral evil (that caused by human choice and free will) and natural evil (that caused by nature and natural events earthquakes, floods, famine, pestilence, disease, etc). If the conception of the divine is one of omnipotence (all the power belongs to god) and creation ex nihilo (the world was created by god according to his exact plan and specifications) then both types of evil "belong to god" so to speak.

If one thinks free will is non existent or an illusion then it would seem moral evil would be an illusion also or that both types of evil are equivalent and "natural". In any event mechanistic determinism and divine omnipotence are roughly equivalent in their implications for meaningful "free will" and for "moral evil." Man is relieved of true responsiblity by "nature" on the one hand and by "god" on the other. It turns out I reject both.


By "belong to God" I suppose you mean, "are caused by God". If you mean by "free will is an illusion" that people do not have intentions, then I guess you are right, since in that case, no one intends to do evil. But there is no reason in the world to think that people do not have intentions. I certainly intended to write this reply, and you, if you reply, intend to write the reply. So, it is clearly false that people do not have intentions. It is true, of course, that intentions have causes of some kind, but the fact that they have causes does not mean that they do not exist. In fact, if they have causes then they must exists in order to have causes.
prothero
 
  1  
Reply Sat 7 Nov, 2009 05:14 pm
@kennethamy,
kennethamy;102380 wrote:
By "belong to God" I suppose you mean, "are caused by God". If you mean by "free will is an illusion" that people do not have intentions, then I guess you are right, since in that case, no one intends to do evil. But there is no reason in the world to think that people do not have intentions. I certainly intended to write this reply, and you, if you reply, intend to write the reply. So, it is clearly false that people do not have intentions. It is true, of course, that intentions have causes of some kind, but the fact that they have causes does not mean that they do not exist. In fact, if they have causes then they must exists in order to have causes.
not wanting get involved in a "semantic" as opposed to a "substantial" discussion.
In my view both "divine omnipotence" and "creation ex nihilo" are theological mistakes.
In my view "free will" as commonly understood as a "choice" between alternative human actions with real and predictable consequences is both intuitively and acutally real (not an illusion).
Thus moral evil exists but it is not part of the "divine will or divine plan".
kennethamy
 
  1  
Reply Sat 7 Nov, 2009 06:45 pm
@prothero,
prothero;102382 wrote:
.
Thus moral evil exists but it is not part of the "divine will or divine plan".


That is true, but the question is whether the existence of evil can be reconciled with God's goodness and power.
prothero
 
  1  
Reply Sat 7 Nov, 2009 11:41 pm
@kennethamy,
kennethamy;102398 wrote:
That is true, but the question is whether the existence of evil can be reconciled with God's goodness and power.

It can be reconciled as long as all power does not belong to god (god is powerful but not all powerful). In fact it is hard to see how god could be in meaningful relationship to the world if all the power lies in god.

The question though was "why does god permit evil" the response was "he does not permit it, it is inherent in the "res natura" (nature of things)".
0 Replies
 
Shlomo
 
  1  
Reply Sun 8 Nov, 2009 05:17 am
@stew phil,
stew;102366 wrote:
False Dilemma: both choices entail a belief in God. How about a case where there is no JCI God, and that atrocities committed are subject to moral evaluation, without appealing to a divine being.

I am afraid we ran over misunderstanding here. The subject of this thread reads "Why does God permit evil????". Therefore, God's existence is a basic assumption. The question is not whether he exists or not, but why he permits evil. Otherwise, the discussion is meaningless. The dilemma is definitely true if the assumption is honored. I skip the other points of your message as they all are affected by this false false dilemma.
xris
 
  1  
Reply Sun 8 Nov, 2009 08:30 am
@kennethamy,
kennethamy;102378 wrote:
Well, intentional evil of course is-intentional. That is sometimes also called "moral evil". But non-intentional evil of course is-unintentional sometimes called non-moral evil). Why is extrinsic evil a contradiction in terms. It means only that the effects are evil, but not necessarily the thing itself. Of course, something can be both intrinsically and extrinsically evil. For example, pain is both. In itself, since it hurts, and extrinsically because of its effect (expense, annoyance to others, and so forth).
Im sorry but how you can make an accident an act of evil is beyond my comprehension. When you have an act of evil it implies an intention to do harm.. My toe has just stubbed itself on the table leg..What is evil about this, my toe for its stupidity, the table for not getting out of the way or your concept?
prothero
 
  1  
Reply Sun 8 Nov, 2009 10:43 am
@xris,
xris;102447 wrote:
Im sorry but how you can make an accident an act of evil is beyond my comprehension. When you have an act of evil it implies an intention to do harm.. My toe has just stubbed itself on the table leg..What is evil about this, my toe for its stupidity, the table for not getting out of the way or your concept?

In discussing the problem of evil there are generally two aspects both of which involve suffering and pain.
moral evil which results from human free will, choice and action
and
natural evil which results from natural events famine, floods, pestilence, earthquakes etc.

Your notion of "evil" is confined to moral evil. It is really a matter of agreeing on the definition of "evil"

In any event when it comes to the question of god and of pain and suffering one needs to account for both forms of evil with respect to gods power and gods goodness. The problem of evil is a major cause for disbelief. The classical attempts to answer seem to beg the question. Personally I abandon the notion that god is all powerful or all knowing and consider both notions to be not traditional but medieval scholastic notions which are theological errors.
Cathain phil
 
  1  
Reply Sun 8 Nov, 2009 10:49 am
@prothero,
prothero;102461 wrote:
In discussing the problem of evil there are generally two aspects both of which involve suffering and pain.
moral evil which results from human free will, choice and action
and
natural evil which results from natural events famine, floods, pestilence, earthquakes etc.

Your notion of "evil" is confined to moral evil. It is really a matter of agreeing on the definition of "evil"


Yes, it alll hinges in the definition.
For instance I confine "evil" to a purely moral state.
Those events you mentioned - famines, floods, pestilence, earthquakes, I do not consider evil. They may be a lot of things, teribble, awful, tragic.
But evil is not an adjective I'd apply to them.
prothero
 
  1  
Reply Sun 8 Nov, 2009 01:39 pm
@Cathain phil,
Cathain;102463 wrote:
Yes, it alll hinges in the definition.
For instance I confine "evil" to a purely moral state.
Those events you mentioned - famines, floods, pestilence, earthquakes, I do not consider evil. They may be a lot of things, teribble, awful, tragic.
But evil is not an adjective I'd apply to them.

Since both types of events involve involve pain and suffering and invoke questions regarding divine power and divine goodness, the standard in formal academic writings dealing with theodicy (the problem of evil) is to include both of them under "evil" and to separate moral evil. You can depart from this custom but it leads to confusion.

---------- Post added 11-08-2009 at 11:43 AM ----------

Shlomo;102430 wrote:
I am afraid we ran over misunderstanding here. The subject of this thread reads "Why does God permit evil????". Therefore, God's existence is a basic assumption. The question is not whether he exists or not, but why he permits evil. Otherwise, the discussion is meaningless. The dilemma is definitely true if the assumption is honored. I skip the other points of your message as they all are affected by this false false dilemma.

yes, gods existence is assumed in the question, but gods nature is open to debate. The problem of evil is dependent on the assumption of divine omnipotence. If the divine is not "omnipotent" the "problem of evil" is not a problem about the nature of the divine but about the nature of the world.
0 Replies
 
kennethamy
 
  1  
Reply Sun 8 Nov, 2009 02:46 pm
@Shlomo,
Shlomo;102430 wrote:
I am afraid we ran over misunderstanding here. The subject of this thread reads "Why does God permit evil????". Therefore, God's existence is a basic assumption. The question is not whether he exists or not, but why he permits evil. Otherwise, the discussion is meaningless. The dilemma is definitely true if the assumption is honored. I skip the other points of your message as they all are affected by this false false dilemma.


Yes. The question assumes that God exists. Clearly, without that assumption, the question makes no sense.
prothero
 
  1  
Reply Sun 8 Nov, 2009 04:21 pm
@kennethamy,
kennethamy;102486 wrote:
Yes. The question assumes that God exists. Clearly, without that assumption, the question makes no sense.

and what does the "reality of evil" say to you about "the nature of god" especially about the question of divine goodness and divine power?
kennethamy
 
  1  
Reply Sun 8 Nov, 2009 05:17 pm
@prothero,
prothero;102495 wrote:
and what does the "reality of evil" say to you about "the nature of god" especially about the question of divine goodness and divine power?


That there is a problem about reconciling the three. But that doesn't mean they cannot be reconciled.
One reconciliation attempt is Leibniz's Theodicy which is that all evils are logically necessary evils. I have explained this view earlier.
prothero
 
  1  
Reply Sun 8 Nov, 2009 05:50 pm
@kennethamy,
kennethamy;102500 wrote:
That there is a problem about reconciling the three. But that doesn't mean they cannot be reconciled.
One reconciliation attempt is Leibniz's Theodicy which is that all evils are logically necessary evils. I have explained this view earlier.
What do you think of the notion of "divine omnipotence is a theological mistake" as a solution?
kennethamy
 
  1  
Reply Sun 8 Nov, 2009 06:02 pm
@prothero,
prothero;102504 wrote:
What do you think of the notion of "divine omnipotence is a theological mistake" as a solution?


Not much, since it is not a solution. It denies the problem. William James and others have offered the view that "God needs out help". But this, of course, is merely speculation. The problem of evil is the problem of reconciling God's power and goodness with evil. I suppose one can also deny Gods' goodness, or deny the existence of evil. But those would not be solutions either.
prothero
 
  1  
Reply Sun 8 Nov, 2009 06:27 pm
@kennethamy,
kennethamy;102507 wrote:
Not much, since it is not a solution. It denies the problem. William James and others have offered the view that "God needs out help". But this, of course, is merely speculation. The problem of evil is the problem of reconciling God's power and goodness with evil. I suppose one can also deny Gods' goodness, or deny the existence of evil. But those would not be solutions either.

The classic problem of evil is ancient :Epicurus. That there is a logical contradiction between divine omnipotence, divine goodness and the existence of evil is accepted. Many solutions have been proposed free will, fallen world, greater good, final justice, evil as the absence of good, etc. None have been accepted. The reality of evil is a major cause of disbelief, doubt and atheism. When confronted with a logical contradiction one should reexamine the postulates that created it. Evil, divine power and divine goodness. Of the three the only one which can be relinquished and still retain a meaningful conception of the divine is divine power. To deny the reality of evil and to deny the divine goodness is catastrophic for religion but to deny divine omnipotence or to deny divine omniscience is not.

That is what James and others mean when they say God needs our help. God is not all powerful. God is persuasive not coercive. "god has no hands but your hands" help out.
It is also what Jesus means "The kingdom of God dwells within you" and
the Easterners say the atman "The divine that dwells within". God is not some divine all powerful tyrant but the spirit that dwells within nature and brings value into creation.
 

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