cyberman -
The First Cause Argument merely sounds reasonable to the undiscerning; it is sophistic. Your contention that "
... This does not, however, render absurd the notion that events have a cause ... " is a straw man; no such assertion as your alleged "notion" has been presented; some events indeed do have a determinable cause, and no assertion to the contrary has been made.
You go on to say "
... Quantum evenst occur within spacetime - this does not address the question of the origins of spacetime. Quantum events are not the spontaneous generation of matter in a universe where matter does not already exist. How the energy/matter came to be in that place and that time is indiscernable. That doesn't mean new matter has been added to the universe ... ", presenting yet more straw. Spacetime as we observe it is a consequence of the universe we observe, it is but an attribute of that universe, a subset, a component, its origin coincident with and requisite to the universe we observe. Our observational abilities likewise are consequent to and wholly dependent upon the universe we observe, as we ourselves are components of that universe. That quantum events are observed to occur within spacetime is irrelevant, as spacetime is the top-level quanitfiable currently within our observational capability; it is but that by which we are able to observe and measure. Further, that quantum events are observed perforce demonstrates that spacetime as we observe it is not an exclusionary absolute; that we observe quantum events is a circumstance requiring there be something other than the spacetime we observe. Further yet, that quantum events occur within the observable universe, evidently neither adding nor removing matter, energy, or information from a universe within which same are known to exist means nothing other than that we observe quantum events within our observable universe; that the the origin or causation of such events be indiscernable means only that we - at least presently - lack the means by which to discern such. Again, there is no reason to suppose the universe we observe be the only universe, and much reason to conclude it is not. All we reasonably may conclude is that we observe and experience the universe we observe and experience because it is the universe we observe and experience. Anything beyond that is mere conjecture; I refer you once again to Hume.
Adding to your sophistic strawpile, you say "
... the 'universe' is, by definition, everything that is ... ", a patently incorrect assertion, as no such condition or state of being exists; the universe we observe is not "all there is", it merely is the universe we are able to observe and experience. Again, I refer you to Hume; perception-based deduction is dependent upon experience, experience providing the criteria by which we arrive at conclusions. That which is or may be apart from the universe we observe and experience by definition is apart from our observation and experience, unavailable to our observation and experience by the constraints of our current ability to observe and therefore to experience.
You say as well
... If what we think of as the universe is only a part of a greater universe, then that only shows that the universe is bigger than it seems to be from where we are sitting ... ", more straw in that "bigger" is an inapplicable qualifier; the apparent size of the observable universe is the apparent size of the observable universe; the observable universe is only the universe which is observable, which universe need not necessarilly be, and by strong indication is not, the only universe extant. Its just our universe, as defined by the laws and principles we thus far have discerned. Going beyond that requires arrogant presumption.
Further burdening the camel hauling your straw, you say "
... You have not addressed the question of why and how there is anything, rather than nothing ... "; why and how there is what we observe and experience proceed from the circumstance of the emergence of the universe we observe and experience - the spacetime we observe and experience is a consequence of the only universe we observe and experience and is the yardstick by which we observe and experience the universe we observe and experience. Again, quantum events demonstrate there is other to our universe than that which to date we have observed, experienced, and defined (not "more" or "bigger", mind you - just "other"), and mathematics, physics, and logic indicate compellingly that the universe we observe and experience is not an exclusionary absolute. Your "Anything vs Nothing" proposition is an absurdity; first, it is a false dichotomy - that there might be "Anything" does not entail a sole alternative that there be "Nothing", second, it is self-cancellingly meaningless in that were there "Nothing" there could be no "Anything", and finally, as we are here, in our observable universe, having this discussion, it is established,
a posteriori, that there be "Anything".
cyberman wrote:Do bear in mind that I did not claim the first cause argument is conclusive, only that it is reasonable.
Disagree as you wish; I have demonstrated the First Cause Argument to be not "Reasonable" but merely Sophistic.