http://www.yale.edu/lawweb/avalon/un/res181.htm
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United Nations General Assembly Resolution 181
November 29, 1947
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The Security Council determine as a threat to the peace, breach of the peace or act of aggression, in accordance with Article 39 of the Charter, any attempt to alter by force the settlement envisaged by this resolution;
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PLAN OF PARTITION WITH ECONOMIC UNION
Part I. - Future Constitution and Government of Palestine
A. TERMINATION OF MANDATE, PARTITION AND INDEPENDENCE
The Mandate for Palestine shall terminate as soon as possible but in any case not later than 1 August 1948.
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B. STEPS PREPARATORY TO INDEPENDENCE
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Part II. - Boundaries
A. THE ARAB STATE
The area of the Arab State in Western Galilee is bounded on the west by the Mediterranean and on the north by the frontier of the Lebanon from Ras en Naqura to a point north of Saliha. From there the boundary proceeds southwards, leaving the built-up area of Saliha in the Arab State, to join the southernmost point of this village. There it follows the western boundary line of the villages of 'Alma, Rihaniya and Teitaba, thence following the northern boundary line of Meirun village to join the Acre-Safad Sub-District boundary line. It follows this line to a point west of Es Sammu'i village and joins it again at the northernmost point of Farradiya. Thence it follows the sub-district boundary line to the Acre-Safad main road. From here it follows the western boundary of Kafr-I'nan village until it reaches the Tiberias-Acre Sub-District boundary line, passing to the west of the junction of the Acre-Safad and Lubiya-Kafr-I'nan roads. From the south-west corner of Kafr-I'nan village the boundary line follows the western boundary of the Tiberias Sub-District to a point close to the boundary line between the villages of Maghar and 'Eilabun, thence bulging out to the west to include as much of the eastern part of the plain of Battuf as is necessary for the reservoir proposed by the Jewish Agency for the irrigation of lands to the south and east.
The boundary rejoins the Tiberias Sub-District boundary at a point on the Nazareth-Tiberias road south-east of the built-up area of Tur'an; thence it runs southwards, at first following the sub-district boundary and then passing between the Kadoorie Agricultural School and Mount Tabor, to a point due south at the base of Mount Tabor. From here it runs due west, parallel to the horizontal grid line 230, to the north-east corner of the village lands of Tel Adashim. It then runs to the northwest corner of these lands, whence it turns south and west so as to include in the Arab State the sources of the Nazareth water supply in Yafa village. On reaching Ginneiger it follows the eastern, northern and western boundaries of the lands of this village to their south-west comer, whence it proceeds in a straight line to a point on the Haifa-Afula railway on the boundary between the villages of Sarid and El-Mujeidil. This is the point of intersection. The south-western boundary of the area of the Arab State in Galilee takes a line from this point, passing northwards along the eastern boundaries of Sarid and Gevat to the north-eastern corner of Nahalal, proceeding thence across the land of Kefar ha Horesh to a central point on the southern boundary of the village of 'Ilut, thence westwards along that village boundary to the eastern boundary of Beit Lahm, thence northwards and north-eastwards along its western boundary to the north-eastern corner of Waldheim and thence north-westwards across the village lands of Shafa 'Amr to the southeastern corner of Ramat Yohanan. From here it runs due north-north-east to a point on the Shafa 'Amr-Haifa road, west of its junction with the road of I'billin. From there it proceeds north-east to a point on the southern boundary of I'billin situated to the west of the I'billin-Birwa road. Thence along that boundary to its westernmost point, whence it turns to the north, follows across the village land of Tamra to the north-westernmost corner and along the western boundary of Julis until it reaches the Acre-Safad road. It then runs westwards along the southern side of the Safad-Acre road to the Galilee-Haifa District boundary, from which point it follows that boundary to the sea.
The boundary of the hill country of Samaria and Judea starts on the Jordan River at the Wadi Malih south-east of Beisan and runs due west to meet the Beisan-Jericho road and then follows the western side of that road in a north-westerly direction to the junction of the boundaries of the Sub-Districts of Beisan, Nablus, and Jenin. From that point it follows the Nablus-Jenin sub-District boundary westwards for a distance of about three kilometres and then turns north-westwards, passing to the east of the built-up areas of the villages of Jalbun and Faqqu'a, to the boundary of the Sub-Districts of Jenin and Beisan at a point northeast of Nuris. Thence it proceeds first northwestwards to a point due north of the built-up area of Zie'in and then westwards to the Afula-Jenin railway, thence north-westwards along the District boundary line to the point of intersection on the Hejaz railway. From here the boundary runs southwestwards, including the built-up area and some of the land of the village of Kh. Lid in the Arab State to cross the Haifa-Jenin road at a point on the district boundary between Haifa and Samaria west of El- Mansi. It follows this boundary to the southernmost point of the village of El-Buteimat. From here it follows the northern and eastern boundaries of the village of Ar'ara rejoining the Haifa-Samaria district boundary at Wadi 'Ara, and thence proceeding south-south-westwards in an approximately straight line joining up with the western boundary of Qaqun to a point east of the railway line on the eastern boundary of Qaqun village. From here it runs along the railway line some distance to the east of it to a point just east of the Tulkarm railway station. Thence the boundary follows a line half-way between the railway and the Tulkarm-Qalqiliya-Jaljuliya and Ras El-Ein road to a point just east of Ras El-Ein station, whence it proceeds along the railway some distance to the east of it to the point on the railway line south of the junction of the Haifa-Lydda and Beit Nabala lines, whence it proceeds along the southern border of Lydda airport to its south-west corner, thence in a south-westerly direction to a point just west of the built-up area of Sarafand El 'Amar, whence it turns south, passing just to the west of the built-up area of Abu El-Fadil to the north-east corner of the lands of Beer Ya'aqov. (The boundary line should be so demarcated as to allow direct access from the Arab State to the airport.) Thence the boundary line follows the western and southern boundaries of Ramle village, to the north-east corner of El Na'ana village, thence in a straight line to the southernmost point of El Barriya, along the eastern boundary of that village and the southern boundary of 'Innaba village. Thence it turns north to follow the southern side of the Jaffa-Jerusalem road until El-Qubab, whence it follows the road to the boundary of Abu-Shusha. It runs along the eastern boundaries of Abu Shusha, Seidun, Hulda to the southernmost point of Hulda, thence westwards in a straight line to the north-eastern corner of Umm Kalkha, thence following the northern boundaries of Umm Kalkha, Qazaza and the northern and western boundaries of Mukhezin to the Gaza District boundary and thence runs across the village lands of El-Mismiya El-Kabira, and Yasur to the southern point of intersection, which is midway between the built-up areas of Yasur and Batani Sharqi.
From the southern point of intersection the boundary lines run north-westwards between the villages of Gan Yavne and Barqa to the sea at a point half way between Nabi Yunis and Minat El-Qila, and south-eastwards to a point west of Qastina, whence it turns in a south-westerly direction, passing to the east of the built-up areas of Es Sawafir Esh Sharqiya and 'Ibdis. From the south-east corner of 'Ibdis village it runs to a point southwest of the built-up area of Beit 'Affa, crossing the Hebron-El-Majdal road just to the west of the built-up area of 'Iraq Suweidan. Thence it proceeds southward along the western village boundary of El-Faluja to the Beersheba Sub-District boundary. It then runs across the tribal lands of 'Arab El-Jubarat to a point on the boundary between the Sub-Districts of Beersheba and Hebron north of Kh. Khuweilifa, whence it proceeds in a south-westerly direction to a point on the Beersheba-Gaza main road two kilometres to the north-west of the town. It then turns south-eastwards to reach Wadi Sab' at a point situated one kilometer to the west of it. From here it turns north-eastwards and proceeds along Wadi Sab' and along the Beersheba-Hebron road for a distance of one kilometer, whence it turns eastwards and runs in a straight line to Kh. Kuseifa to join the Beersheba-Hebron Sub-District boundary. It then follows the Beersheba-Hebron boundary eastwards to a point north of Ras Ez-Zuweira, only departing from it so as to cut across the base of the indentation between vertical grid lines 150 and 160.
About five kilometres north-east of Ras Ez-Zuweira it turns north, excluding from the Arab State a strip along the coast of the Dead Sea not more than seven kilometres in depth, as far as 'Ein Geddi, whence it turns due east to join the Transjordan frontier in the Dead Sea.
The northern boundary of the Arab section of the coastal plain runs from a point between Minat El-Qila and Nabi Yunis, passing between the built-up areas of Gan Yavne and Barqa to the point of intersection. From here it turns south-westwards, running across the lands of Batani Sharqi, along the eastern boundary of the lands of Beit Daras and across the lands of Julis, leaving the built-up areas of Batani Sharqi and Julis to the westwards, as far as the north-west corner of the lands of Beit-Tima. Thence it runs east of El-Jiya across the village lands of El-Barbara along the eastern boundaries of the villages of Beit Jirja, Deir Suneid and Dimra. From the south-east corner of Dimra the boundary passes across the lands of Beit Hanun, leaving the Jewish lands of Nir-Am to the eastwards. From the south-east corner of Beit Hanun the line runs south-west to a point south of the parallel grid line 100, then turns north-west for two kilometres, turning again in a southwesterly direction and continuing in an almost straight line to the north-west corner of the village lands of Kirbet Ikhza'a. From there it follows the boundary line of this village to its southernmost point. It then runs in a southerly direction along the vertical grid line 90 to its junction with the horizontal grid line 70. It then turns south-eastwards to Kh. El-Ruheiba and then proceeds in a southerly direction to a point known as El-Baha, beyond which it crosses the Beersheba-EI 'Auja main road to the west of Kh. El-Mushrifa. From there it joins Wadi El-Zaiyatin just to the west of El-Subeita. From there it turns to the north-east and then to the south-east following this Wadi and passes to the east of 'Abda to join Wadi Nafkh. It then bulges to the south-west along Wadi Nafkh, Wadi 'Ajrim and Wadi Lassan to the point where Wadi Lassan crosses the Egyptian frontier.
The area of the Arab enclave of Jaffa consists of that part of the town-planning area of Jaffa which lies to the west of the Jewish quarters lying south of Tel-Aviv, to the west of the continuation of Herzl street up to its junction with the Jaffa-Jerusalem road, to the south-west of the section of the Jaffa-Jerusalem road lying south-east of that junction, to the west of Miqve Yisrael lands, to the northwest of Holon local council area, to the north of the line linking up the north-west corner of Holon with the northeast corner of Bat Yam local council area and to the north of Bat Yam local council area. The question of Karton quarter will be decided by the Boundary Commission, bearing in mind among other considerations the desirability of including the smallest possible number of its Arab inhabitants and the largest possible number of its Jewish inhabitants in the Jewish State.
B. THE JEWISH STATE
The north-eastern sector of the Jewish State (Eastern Galilee) is bounded on the north and west by the Lebanese frontier and on the east by the frontiers of Syria and Trans-jordan. It includes the whole of the Huleh Basin, Lake Tiberias, the whole of the Beisan Sub-District, the boundary line being extended to the crest of the Gilboa mountains and the Wadi Malih. From there the Jewish State extends north-west, following the boundary described in respect of the Arab State. The Jewish section of the coastal plain extends from a point between Minat El-Qila and Nabi Yunis in the Gaza Sub-District and includes the towns of Haifa and Tel-Aviv, leaving Jaffa as an enclave of the Arab State. The eastern frontier of the Jewish State follows the boundary described in respect of the Arab State.
The Beersheba area comprises the whole of the Beersheba Sub-District, including the Negeb and the eastern part of the Gaza Sub-District, but excluding the town of Beersheba and those areas described in respect of the Arab State. It includes also a strip of land along the Dead Sea stretching from the Beersheba-Hebron Sub-District boundary line to 'Ein Geddi, as described in respect of the Arab State.
C. THE CITY OF JERUSALEM
The boundaries of the City of Jerusalem are as defined in the recommendations on the City of Jerusalem. (See Part III, section B, below).
Part III. - City of Jerusalem(5)
A. SPECIAL REGIME
The City of Jerusalem shall be established as a corpus separatum under a special international regime and shall be administered by the United Nations. The Trusteeship Council shall be designated to discharge the responsibilities of the Administering Authority on behalf of the United Nations.
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Adopted at the 128th plenary meeting:
In favour: 33
Australia, Belgium, Bolivia, Brazil, Byelorussian S.S.R., Canada, Costa Rica, Czechoslovakia, Denmark, Dominican Republic, Ecuador, France, Guatemala, Haiti, Iceland, Liberia, Luxemburg, Netherlands, New Zealand, Nicaragua, Norway, Panama, Paraguay, Peru, Philippines, Poland, Sweden, Ukrainian S.S.R., Union of South Africa, U.S.A., U.S.S.R., Uruguay, Venezuela.
Against: 13
Afghanistan, Cuba, Egypt, Greece, India, Iran, Iraq, Lebanon, Pakistan, Saudi Arabia, Syria, Turkey, Yemen.
Abstained: 10
Argentina, Chile, China, Colombia, El Salvador, Ethiopia, Honduras, Mexico, United Kingdom, Yugoslavia.
Yes. That was for "A jewish state in Palestine", with the rights of the Palestinians protected, not "A jewish state OF Palestine", with the rights of the Palestinians removed.
This action caused the Palestinian Arabs to forfeit their rights granted by UN resolution 81.
ican interprets the UN laws on a2k for a2kers.
Well the Arabs have never agreed that the law applies to them.
ican wrote:This action caused the Palestinian Arabs to forfeit their rights granted by UN resolution 81.
Where in UN resolution 181 does it say that the Palestinian Arabs forfeited their rights granted by said resolution?
http://www.yale.edu/lawweb/avalon/un/res181.htm
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The Security Council determine as a threat to the peace, breach of the peace or act of aggression, in accordance with Article 39 of the Charter, any attempt to alter by force the settlement envisaged by this resolution.
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Independent Arab and Jewish States and the Special International Regime for the City of Jerusalem, set forth in Part III of this Plan, shall come into existence in Palestine two months after the evacuation of the armed forces of the mandatory Power has been completed but in any case not later than 1 October 1948. The boundaries of the Arab State, the Jewish State, and the City of Jerusalem shall be as described in Parts II and III below.
The period between the adoption by the General Assembly of its recommendation on the question of Palestine and the establishment of the independence of the Arab and Jewish States shall be a transitional period.
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During the transitional period no Jew shall be permitted to establish residence in the area of the proposed Arab State, and no Arab shall be permitted to establish residence in the area of the proposed Jewish State, except by special leave of the Commission.
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Accepting the obligation of the State to refrain in its international relations from the threat or use of force against the territorial integrity or political independence of any State, or in any other manner inconsistent with the purpose of the United Nations;
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Chapter 2: Religious and Minority Rights
Freedom of conscience and the free exercise of all forms of worship, subject only to the maintenance of public order and morals, shall be ensured to all.
No discrimination of any kind shall be made between the inhabitants on the ground of race, religion, language or sex.
All persons within the jurisdiction of the State shall be entitled to equal protection of the laws.
The family law and personal status of the various minorities and their religious interests, including endowments, shall be respected.
Except as may be required for the maintenance of public order and good government, no measure shall be taken to obstruct or interfere with the enterprise of religious or charitable bodies of all faiths or to discriminate against any representative or member of these bodies on the ground of his religion or nationality.
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Foxfyre wrote:Well the Arabs have never agreed that the law applies to them.
To which 'Arabs' and to what 'law' are you referring here? Arabian population in Israel? Arabian population in Palestine? Any Arabians everywhere?
When the allies of the Palestinian Arabs invaded Israel in 1948, the Palestinian Arabs--not the Israeli Arabs--forfeited their rights granted by UN resolution 181.
ican711nm wrote:When the allies of the Palestinian Arabs invaded Israel in 1948, the Palestinian Arabs--not the Israeli Arabs--forfeited their rights granted by UN resolution 181.
Beginning in April of 1948 during the Civil War in Mandatory Palestine the Zionist forces engaged in Plan Dalet which they carried out to empty the areas controlled by them of their Arab populations. Scores of villages were ethnically cleansed and oftentimes razed to the ground as the various operations were carried out under Plan Dalet. In April of 1948 Operation Nachshon cleared villages in a swath between Tel Aviv and Jerusalem. Operation Harel was a continuation of Operation Nachshon that attempted to ethnically cleanse areas near Latrun of its Arab villages. It was only partially successful after the Zionist forces relocated the Harel brigade to Jerusalem. Operation Misparayim ethnically cleansed Haifa (the Mayor's beseeching notwithstanding) of its Arab population. Operation Chametz ethnically cleansed areas around Jaffa. Operation Jevussi attempted to isolate Jerusalem by destroying the Arab villages that surround the city, but was thwarted. Operation Yiftach cleansed eastern Galilee of its Arab population. Begining in May of that same year Operation Matateh razed the Arab villages between Tiberias and eastern Galilee. Operation Maccabi attempted again to cleanse areas near Latrun of its Arab villages, and to reach Ramalah district but was foiled. Operation Gideon cleansed Beisan of its Bedouin population which had been semi-sedintary. Operation Barak was partially successful in razing the Arab villages in the area of Bureir to the Negev desert. Through Operation Ben Ami the Zionist forces occupied Acre and cleansed Western Galilee of its Arab population. All of this occurred before the start of the war immediately following Britain's withdrawal and the surrounding Arab states' rush to assist the beleaguered Palestinian Arab population.
ican711nm wrote:When the allies of the Palestinian Arabs invaded Israel in 1948, the Palestinian Arabs--not the Israeli Arabs--forfeited their rights granted by UN resolution 181.
Beginning in April of 1948 during the Civil War in Mandatory Palestine the Zionist forces engaged in Plan Dalet which they carried out to empty the areas controlled by them of their Arab populations. Scores of villages were ethnically cleansed and oftentimes razed to the ground as the various operations were carried out under Plan Dalet. In April of 1948 Operation Nachshon cleared villages in a swath between Tel Aviv and Jerusalem. Operation Harel was a continuation of Operation Nachshon that attempted to ethnically cleanse areas near Latrun of its Arab villages. It was only partially successful after the Zionist forces relocated the Harel brigade to Jerusalem. Operation Misparayim ethnically cleansed Haifa (the Mayor's beseeching notwithstanding) of its Arab population. Operation Chametz ethnically cleansed areas around Jaffa. Operation Jevussi attempted to isolate Jerusalem by destroying the Arab villages that surround the city, but was thwarted. Operation Yiftach cleansed eastern Galilee of its Arab population. Begining in May of that same year Operation Matateh razed the Arab villages between Tiberias and eastern Galilee. Operation Maccabi attempted again to cleanse areas near Latrun of its Arab villages, and to reach Ramalah district but was foiled. Operation Gideon cleansed Beisan of its Bedouin population which had been semi-sedintary. Operation Barak was partially successful in razing the Arab villages in the area of Bureir to the Negev desert. Through Operation Ben Ami the Zionist forces occupied Acre and cleansed Western Galilee of its Arab population. All of this occurred before the start of the war immediately following Britain's withdrawal and the surrounding Arab states' rush to assist the beleaguered Palestinian Arab population.
I do wonder about who wrote this and what their motives were.
The clue is that the writer refers to the "Zionist Forces", instead of "Israeli Forces".
InfraBlue wrote:ican711nm wrote:When the allies of the Palestinian Arabs invaded Israel in 1948, the Palestinian Arabs--not the Israeli Arabs--forfeited their rights granted by UN resolution 181.
Beginning in April of 1948 during the Civil War in Mandatory Palestine the Zionist forces engaged in Plan Dalet which they carried out to empty the areas controlled by them of their Arab populations. Scores of villages were ethnically cleansed and oftentimes razed to the ground as the various operations were carried out under Plan Dalet. In April of 1948 Operation Nachshon cleared villages in a swath between Tel Aviv and Jerusalem. Operation Harel was a continuation of Operation Nachshon that attempted to ethnically cleanse areas near Latrun of its Arab villages. It was only partially successful after the Zionist forces relocated the Harel brigade to Jerusalem. Operation Misparayim ethnically cleansed Haifa (the Mayor's beseeching notwithstanding) of its Arab population. Operation Chametz ethnically cleansed areas around Jaffa. Operation Jevussi attempted to isolate Jerusalem by destroying the Arab villages that surround the city, but was thwarted. Operation Yiftach cleansed eastern Galilee of its Arab population. Begining in May of that same year Operation Matateh razed the Arab villages between Tiberias and eastern Galilee. Operation Maccabi attempted again to cleanse areas near Latrun of its Arab villages, and to reach Ramalah district but was foiled. Operation Gideon cleansed Beisan of its Bedouin population which had been semi-sedintary. Operation Barak was partially successful in razing the Arab villages in the area of Bureir to the Negev desert. Through Operation Ben Ami the Zionist forces occupied Acre and cleansed Western Galilee of its Arab population. All of this occurred before the start of the war immediately following Britain's withdrawal and the surrounding Arab states' rush to assist the beleaguered Palestinian Arab population.
I do wonder about who wrote this and what their motives were.
The clue is that the writer refers to the "Zionist Forces", instead of "Israeli Forces".
mysteryman wrote:InfraBlue wrote:ican711nm wrote:When the allies of the Palestinian Arabs invaded Israel in 1948, the Palestinian Arabs--not the Israeli Arabs--forfeited their rights granted by UN resolution 181.
Beginning in April of 1948 during the Civil War in Mandatory Palestine the Zionist forces engaged in Plan Dalet which they carried out to empty the areas controlled by them of their Arab populations. Scores of villages were ethnically cleansed and oftentimes razed to the ground as the various operations were carried out under Plan Dalet. In April of 1948 Operation Nachshon cleared villages in a swath between Tel Aviv and Jerusalem. Operation Harel was a continuation of Operation Nachshon that attempted to ethnically cleanse areas near Latrun of its Arab villages. It was only partially successful after the Zionist forces relocated the Harel brigade to Jerusalem. Operation Misparayim ethnically cleansed Haifa (the Mayor's beseeching notwithstanding) of its Arab population. Operation Chametz ethnically cleansed areas around Jaffa. Operation Jevussi attempted to isolate Jerusalem by destroying the Arab villages that surround the city, but was thwarted. Operation Yiftach cleansed eastern Galilee of its Arab population. Begining in May of that same year Operation Matateh razed the Arab villages between Tiberias and eastern Galilee. Operation Maccabi attempted again to cleanse areas near Latrun of its Arab villages, and to reach Ramalah district but was foiled. Operation Gideon cleansed Beisan of its Bedouin population which had been semi-sedintary. Operation Barak was partially successful in razing the Arab villages in the area of Bureir to the Negev desert. Through Operation Ben Ami the Zionist forces occupied Acre and cleansed Western Galilee of its Arab population. All of this occurred before the start of the war immediately following Britain's withdrawal and the surrounding Arab states' rush to assist the beleaguered Palestinian Arab population.
I do wonder about who wrote this and what their motives were.
The clue is that the writer refers to the "Zionist Forces", instead of "Israeli Forces".
and what's with the repeated use of "ethnically cleansed"? Nothing more then a buzzword to invoke emotion in this hit piece. Hardly honest.
Come on Foxy and Ican't, your responses please. Tell us again how Israel is a victim of unwarranted arab aggression.
