Secret society
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
A secret society is a social organization that requires its members to conceal certain activities?-such as rites of initiation or club ceremonies?-from outsiders. Members may be required to conceal or deny their membership, and are often sworn to hold the society's secrets by an oath. The term "secret society" is often used to describe fraternal organizations (e.g. Freemasonry) that may have secret ceremonies, but is also commonly applied to organizations ranging from the common and innocuous (collegiate fraternities) to mythical organizations described in conspiracy theories as immensely powerful, with self-serving financial or political agendas, global reach, and often satanic beliefs.
Like the most successful forgeries, it is conceivable that the most effective secret societies are unknown beyond their adherents.
Historically, secret societies are often the subject of suspicion and speculation from non-members; and as such have aroused nervousness from outsiders since the time of the ancient Greeks, when meetings were held "sub rosa" (Latin, "under the rose") to signify the secrecy and silence of the Hellenistic god Harpocrates.
For this reason, secret societies are illegal in several countries. In the European Union, Poland has made the ban a part of its constitution. Article 13 of the Constitution of the Republic of Poland states:
"Political parties and other organizations whose programmes are based upon totalitarian methods and the modes of activity of nazism, fascism and communism, as well as those whose programmes or activities sanction racial or national hatred, the application of violence for the purpose of obtaining power or to influence the State policy, or provide for the secrecy of their own structure or membership, shall be prohibited."
Some secret organizations exploit secrecy as a means to further political or criminal agendas, including such historical examples as the Know Nothing party in the United States, and the Mafia, respectively.
Many student societies established on university campuses [1] have been considered secret societies. Some collegiate secret societies are the Flat Hat Club (1750) and Phi Beta Kappa (1776), both founded at William & Mary. The most famous member of the FHC was Thomas Jefferson, the third President of the United States. In correspondence, Jefferson noted that the Flat Hat Club served "no useful object." Others are the Order of the Bull's Blood (1834) at Rutgers University, and the Bishop James Madison Society (1812) at The College of William & Mary. The most famous collegiate secret society is the Skull and Bones (1832) at Yale University.
Contents
1 List of secret societies
1.1 Business, international or non-governmental organizations
1.2 Student societies
1.3 Fraternal organizations
1.3.1 Masonic
1.3.2 Rosicrucian
1.3.3 Other
1.4 Criminal organizations
1.5 Historical secret societies
1.6 Revolutionary or underground organizations
1.7 Alleged secret societies
2 See also
3 External links
List of secret societies
Business, international or non-governmental organizations
While not self-styled as secret societies, these groups are often discussed in that context.
Bilderberg Group
Club of Rome
Council on Foreign Relations
Rhodes-Milner Round Table Groups
Royal Institute of International Affairs (also known as Chatham House)
Trilateral Commission
Student societies
Anak Society (1908) at Georgia Institute of Technology
Berzelius (1848) at Yale University
Bishop James Madison Society (1812) at the College of William and Mary
Book and Snake (1863) at Yale University
Cambridge Apostles (1820) at the University of Cambridge
Cloak and Dagger (society) (1892) at Georgetown University
DERU (1895) at Northwestern University
Episkopon at the University of Trinity College
Elihu at Yale University
The Eyes of Texas at the University of Texas at Austin
Flat Hat Club (1750) at the College of William and Mary
IMP Society (1902) at University of Virginia
The Machine (1914) at the University of Alabama
Michigamua (1902) at the University of Michigan, Ann Arbor
Mystical 7 (1837) at Wesleyan University
The NoZe Brotherhood (1924) at Baylor University
Order of the Acropolis at University of Georgia
Order of the Bull's Blood (1834) at Rutgers University
Order of Gimghoul (1889) at University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill
Order of the Greek Horsemen (1955) at University of Georgia
Owl Society at the University of Pennsylvania
Pachacamac at the University of Kansas [2]; Began in the early 1900s, appearing without names every year in the Jayhawker yearbook in black cloaks and hoods, it was formally abolished and banned by the University in 1992.
Phi Beta Kappa (1776) at the College of William and Mary, began as a secret society, but eliminated secrecy in 1831 and is now national
Quill and Dagger (1893) at Cornell University
Scroll and Key (1842) at Yale University
Seven Society (1905) at the University of Virginia
Shifters (1932) at Wittenberg University
Skull and Bones (1832) at Yale University
Sphinx Head Society (1890) at Cornell University
Sphinx senior society (1886) at Dartmouth College
Sword and Serpent (1870) at Rutgers University
The Vitruvian Society at the University of Hartford
Wolf's Head (1883) at Yale University
Z Society (1892) at University of Virginia
Fraternal organizations
Masonic
Freemasonry (also known as Free & Accepted Masons)
FUDOFSI
FUDOSI
Order of DeMolay
Order of the Eastern Star
Rosicrucian
AMORC (Ancient Mystical Order Rosae Crucis)
Confraternity of the Rose Cross
Rosicrucians
Societas Rosicruciana in Anglia (SRIA)
Other
Bohemian Club
Knights of Columbus
Order Militia Crucifera Evangelica
Order of the Solar Temple
Ordo Templi Orientis
P2
Order of the Arrow
The Veiled Prophet Organization in St. Louis, Missouri. [3]
Criminal organizations
Bloods
Camorra
Crips
Mafia (also known as La Cosa Nostra)
MS-13
Thuggee
Tong
Triad
Yakuza
Historical secret societies
Beati paoli
Illuminati
Knights of the Golden Circle
Know-Nothings
Krypteia
Ku Klux Klan (exists at present with very small membership)
Gladio
Society of the Elect
SPK
Thule Society
Tiandihui
Wide Awakes
Revolutionary or underground organizations
Black Hand
Carbonari
Fenian Brotherhood
Germanenorden
Katipunan
Mau Mau
Muslim Brotherhood
Narodnik
Righteous Harmony Society
Sons of Liberty
Tongmenghui
Vihan Veljet
Walhalla-orden
White Rose Society
Communist League (US)
Alleged secret societies
Either the existence of these, or their status, is subject to significant doubt. See also Secret societies in popular culture
Angelic Society
Majestic 12
Priory of Sion
The Elders of Zion
Vril Society
See also
List of Masonic organizations
List of Japanese nationalist movements and parties
Secret societies in Singapore
External links
How the Secret Societies Got That Way
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