Read Karen Armstrong's account of Wahabbism in "The Battle for God." She compares various forms of fundamentalism, Jewish, Christian and Muslim. the underlying theme is the rejection of "modernity" by groups that think of themselves as oppressed. Wahabbism (a branch of Sunni Islam) and its link to what was a minor family in the Ottoman Empire was a marriage of convenience. The control of the Hijaz by the Ottoman Sultanate was always weak, the Bedouin were not good subjects for rule (
), and the struggle between ruling family groups was often quite violent. The al-Saud house, by the virtue of its control of Mecca, was among the stronger of the competing groups. A alliance with a new strain of Islam could only improve its hold on those who owed the clan fealty.
Of particular interest is the way the house of Saud played the British, French, Germans, Russians,and Ottomans off of each other through the 19th century. Similarly, during WWI the al-Sauds kept a running game of duplicity going with the Ottoman and Allied forces,and during WWII with both the allies and axis powers. Like any ruling family, the house of al-Saud has as its primary objective the maintenance of its power.
The danger lies in seeing the political aspirations of a ruling dynasty as more or less than they are. Similarly, to ascribe more importance in world affairs to one sect of radical religion is naive. Wahabbism grows becasue it has Saudi money behind it. The al-Saud support Wahhabism becasue it is a usefull tool for social control at home. In addition, they support activities aoutside the Arabian penninsula in order to present the image of benevolent guardian of Islam to the world community.