Lash wrote:I see what the problem is.
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By 1950, general histories of the continent by White Australians almost never referenced the Aborigines at all. During this period, the Blacks, whether part or full-blood, were excluded from all major White Australian institutions, including schools, hospitals and labor unions. They could not vote. Their movements were restricted. They were outcastes in White Australia.
Today, the Blacks of Australia are terribly oppressed, and remain in a desperate struggle for survival. Recent demographic surveys, for example, show that the Black infant mortality rate is the highest in Australia. Blacks have the shoddiest housing and the poorest schools. Their life expectancy is twenty years less than Whites. Their unemployment rate is six times higher than the national average. Blacks did not obtain the right to vote in federal elections until 1961. They did not gain the legal right to consume alcoholic beverages until 1964. They were not officially counted as Australian citizens until after a constitutional amendment in 1967.
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Who can make it without a beer now and then?
Re the sig line quote (above) - I couldn't agree more
Now, to the substantive post:
1788 - British colonisation - policy of protectionism towards indigenous persons. They were considered British subjects (just that no-one though to ask them if they were okay with that) and the governor of the new colony emphasised that British law protected indigenous people (stop laughing, this is history at work).
1788- until about late 19th C - the policy was still protectionism but then gradually shifted to assimilation
1901 the various colonies and province federated. Indigenous persons were omitted from the Constitution and until 1967 effectively became "non-persons" except that the policy of assimilation was still in place.
1960s policy of self-determination introduced
1967 - referendum passed the question ' should aboriginal people be included in the census?" This meant that aboriginal people then became Australian citizens and could vote etc.
It's a bit more complex than I've outlined but this is a very sketchy view.
In terms of social policy it really is important to note that we're talking about indigenous people, not "blacks". Skin colour is irrelevant. It's heartening to note that several academic institutions in Australia and the US (and I think Canada) are working on the issues that adversely affect indigenous people in all three countries.
Some interesting info from the fed govt here
link