@hightor,
I don't know how it is done and works elsewhere in Europe but only here in Germany.
Here we have "Kurzarbeitergeld" (short-time allowance).
Short-time work in the employment relationship means the temporary reduction of regular working hours in a company due to a significant loss of work. Short-time work may affect all or only some of the workers in the enterprise. The affected employees work less or not at all during short-time work. This has existed in Germany in some sectors since 1910, as a legal entitlement in the whole of Germany and all sectors since 1920.
Short-time work is intended to relieve companies in the event of a temporarily poor order situation by reducing personnel costs. Workers have to accept a loss of income in the process, as the short-time allowance does not replace the full net income. However, the job and a certain basic provision remain. Collective bargaining or labour contract provisions to top up the short-time allowance to up to 100 % of the net loss of earnings are possible. In contrast to dismissals or layoffs, the company can retain qualified and trained employees and retain the company know-how they possess.
Der Anspruch auf Kurzarbeitergeld ergibt sich aus dem Sozialrecht (
§§ 95 ff. SGB III [in German])
The amount of this allowance is between 60% and 70% of the respective net wage (this depends, among other things, on marital status, number of children, etc.).
Since 2020, the promulgation of the
Act on the Temporary Crisis-Related Improvement of the Regulations for Short-Time Workers' Allowance ("Gesetz zur befristeten krisenbedingten Verbesserung der Regelungen für das Kurzarbeitergeld") has extended the possibility of short-time workers' allowance and increased the benefits granted during the pandemic - the increased short-time workers' allowance provides for 70 per cent of the net difference in remuneration to be paid from the fourth month of receipt if the loss of remuneration during short-time work is at least 50%. If a child lives in the household, the rate is to be 77%. From the seventh month of entitlement, 80% and with a child 87% are envisaged.