Moishe3rd wrote:However, just to be clear, what people believe they know about Judaism is generally seen through the eyes of Christians or possibly Muslims or non-religious Jews.
And, this has been true for a long time, since the inception of Christianity. Therefore, people have a picture of Judaism, where "everybody knows that," and where "it is obvious" that Jews believe a certain thing that jibes with how Christians or others have interpreted the "old testament" for a couple of thousand years.
This is not true.
What religious Jews believe the "old testament" and other Jewish "scripture" "says," is quite different from what Christians and others believe that it says.
The short and simple is that 99% of the world, including most non-religious Jews, have no idea what the religion of Judaism is about.
Christians believe that it is they who understand what the Jewish scripture says. Based on their faith, Christians are now the true people of G-d.
According to Christian doctrine (and largely based on the writings of the apostle Paul from the Christian scriptures), the Jewish people failed to accept Jesus as the Messiah because of their disobedience to G-d and lack of faith. G-d then turned to the Gentiles, in part as a way to turn some of the Jews back to Him.
As such, the Christians believe that they are now the true people of G-d and by extension, the rightful heirs of the Torah, the prophets and the Jewish heroes of faith. But, modern Christians believe that G-d has a special plan for the Jewish race.
Most Modern Christians (at least Evangelical American Christians) believe that when the Messiah returns, the faithful Jews will accept Jesus as their Messiah. There is a whole eschatology that involves the reunification of all of the biblical lands of Israel and a mass conversion of faithful Jews to Christ.
The Christian doctrine says the Jews that don't convert are condemned to hell.