@layman,
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layman wrote:Yes, indeed Galileo was decidedly right, even though his premises contradict those of SR. SR adherents often cite Galileo as "proving" SR, but, once again, they don't even understand what he actually said.
What the hell, Max, just for you I will elaborate on this misconception (which even Smoot, at one point anyway, seems to share). In his famous "parable of the ship" Galileo postulated (quite rightly) that a passenger in a closed cabin of a ship on a calm sea would not be able to declare that he either was, or was not, "moving."
But he didn't stop there, He noted that if the passenger had a window he could easily detect whether or not he was actually moving vis a vis terra firma. Even more so if he went up on deck, felt the wind, and saw the billowed sails on the ship. Under those circumstances, no sane person would declare that the ship was absolutely motionless while the shoreline, and all the structures on it, were "moving" past him.
He never claimed that you can never never tell which object is moving vis-a-vis another. He merely said, like Newton after him, that there was no known way to detect absolute speed. Newton knew this, contrary to the popular myth that Einstein "corrected" him on this score.
Galileo is the person who, after all, on his way out ot the inquisition chamber where he was forced to recant the notion that the earth moved, uttered (under his breath) "And yet it (the earth) moves."
Galileo was right. Einstein was wrong.
Einstein attempted to argue that is was impossible to discern which of two (or more) objects were moving relative to the other(s). But to come to that conclusion, one has to reject virtually every cherished notion of physics, such as conservation of angular momentum, the law of gravity, the notion that it requires energy to overcome inertia, etc.
In his early attempts to defend SR, Einstein acknowledges all of this, but nonetheless claimed that the two could not be distinguished "in theory." All that tells you is that the "theory" is wrong.