Punctuation: Dashes in a sentence

1. In the first sentence, the comma after the second dash is not needed.

2. Parenthetical information can be offset with dashes:

Whereas analytic induction may be unsuitable to capture the complexity of many social phenomena – and education certainly is complex – the grounded theory approach is geared specifically towards providing rich accounts."

or commas:

Whereas analytic induction may be unsuitable to capture the complexity of many social phenomena, and education certainly is complex, the grounded theory approach is geared specifically towards providing rich accounts."

or even parentheses themselves:

Whereas analytic induction may be unsuitable to capture the complexity of many social phenomena (and education certainly is complex) the grounded theory approach is geared specifically towards providing rich accounts."

In your second example sentence, you precede the insertion with a dash but follow it with a comma. You cannot do this. Choose one style and stick to it.

Always glad to learn something new.

Some further reading:

"Dashes are used to offset parenthetical information – that is, information which you might put in parentheses. When you use parentheses, though, the emphasis is taken off the parenthetical information and put on the rest of the sentence. When you use dashes (two of them), the emphasis is put on the information within the dashes."
https://www.grammarly.com/handbook/punctuation/dash/2/dash-parenthetical-information/

"Writing that engages — that grabs — and writing that is dramatic depends heavily on both the parentheses and the dash (or it should). These two types of punctuation have been duking it out for many years. Proponents of each argue back and forth about which is the most understandable in modern writing."
https://www.grammarly.com/blog/duking-it-out-parentheses-vs-dash/

"The problem with the dash—as you may have noticed!—is that it discourages truly efficient writing. "
http://www.slate.com/articles/life/the_good_word/2011/05/the_caseplease_hear_me_outagainst_the_em_dash.html

Thanks again.

Thank you for your comment, I appreciate it.

I blame MS Word, which try to correct your first suggestion into my first suggestion.