@Setanta,
Good that you mentioned the situation about 'serfs', set!
Many get confused about it. And that's similar to "peasant".
The word "peasant" brings up the the American mind an image of an oppressed agricultural worker.
The German word "Bauer" is translated to English as 'peasant' - "Bauernaufstand" = 'peasant revolt'.
However, the German "Bauer" was, by definition, a farmer who owned a heritable, salable, lease, a farmer with property rights in his land, even if they weren't exactly like US property rights today.
The farms of the peasants in Westphalia constituted a 'Peasantry' ("Bauernschaft"), which took the name from the oldest and most distinguished farm owner, who in reverse added a "Schulte" ('mayor') in front of the name (thus e.g. "Schulte Hinteler").