2
   

Does "to" here mean "offered to"?

 
 
Reply Fri 15 Feb, 2013 01:33 am

Context:

Although many human cancers are located in mucosal sites, most cancer vaccines are tested against subcutaneous tumors in preclinical models. We therefore wondered whether mucosa-specific homing instructions to the immune system might influence mucosal tumor outgrowth. We showed that the growth of orthotopic head and neck or lung cancers was inhibited when a cancer vaccine was delivered by the intranasal mucosal route but not the intramuscular route. This antitumor effect was dependent on CD8+ T cells. Indeed, only intranasal vaccination elicited mucosal-specific CD8+ T cells expressing the mucosal integrin CD49a. Blockade of CD49a decreased intratumoral CD8+ T cell infiltration and the efficacy of cancer vaccine on mucosal tumor. We then showed that after intranasal vaccination, dendritic cells from lung parenchyma, but not those from spleen, induced the expression of CD49a on cocultured specific CD8+ T cells. Tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes from human mucosal lung cancer also expressed CD49a, which supports the relevance and possible extrapolation of these results in humans. We thus identified a link between the route of vaccination and the induction of a mucosal homing program on induced CD8+ T cells that controlled their trafficking. Immunization route directly affected the efficacy of the cancer vaccine to control mucosal tumors.


•Copyright © 2013, American Association for the Advancement of Science

More:
http://stm.sciencemag.org/content/5/172/172ra20
 
View best answer, chosen by oristarA
Falco
  Selected Answer
 
  3  
Reply Fri 15 Feb, 2013 01:45 am
@oristarA,
oristarA wrote:

...We therefore wondered whether mucosa-specific homing instructions to the immune system might influence mucosal tumor outgrowth...

In a sense "offered to" is somewhat inaccurate, and it's more accurate to think it in terms of "directed to," or "delivered to." This is because when one implies "offered" it becomes a matter of choice to accept / to reject by the immune system. Based on the context ("homing"), it's a more of a directional oriented sense, and inquiring if by the guiding of these hormones with the the said instruction to its destination would get the results as hypothesized.
oristarA
 
  1  
Reply Fri 15 Feb, 2013 02:04 am
@Falco,
Falco wrote:

oristarA wrote:

...We therefore wondered whether mucosa-specific homing instructions to the immune system might influence mucosal tumor outgrowth...

In a sense "offered to" is somewhat inaccurate, and it's more accurate to think it in terms of "directed to," or "delivered to." This is because when one implies "offered" it becomes a matter of choice to accept / to reject by the immune system. Based on the context ("homing"), it's a more of a directional oriented sense, and inquiring if by the guiding of these hormones with the the said instruction to its destination would get the results as hypothesized.


Excellent!

0 Replies
 
 

Related Topics

deal - Question by WBYeats
Let pupils abandon spelling rules, says academic - Discussion by Robert Gentel
Please, I need help. - Question by imsak
Is this sentence grammatically correct? - Question by Sydney-Strock
"come from" - Question by mcook
concentrated - Question by WBYeats
 
  1. Forums
  2. » Does "to" here mean "offered to"?
Copyright © 2024 MadLab, LLC :: Terms of Service :: Privacy Policy :: Page generated in 0.03 seconds on 12/24/2024 at 11:51:14