@Fil Albuquerque,
Technically, he only proves that not all infinite sets are equal in infinity. This is assuming linear distribution of parts in a set. The Universe is not a linear model. Where it is true that, on a micro/molecular scale, no object is exactly identical to another, it is also true that no object can exist without space. Another way to think of it is like this:
P(X) = { {a }, { a, b }, { b, c, e }, { a, c }, { e }, . . . }
In your argument, you are assuming X is the universe and P would be the power set of the Universe. In reality, to use set theory to apply to the Universe you must realize that X is a single object in the universe: matter, for instance.
We would need to look at this more like this:
U ≡ (P(X) = { {a }, { a, b }, { b, c, e }, { a, c }, { e }, . . . }) ⁿ < Øⁿ
Where n = ∞
So U is the equivalent of all sets, to the infinite power, less than infinite nothing. The reason for this is that the Universe includes all sets less than infinite nothing as well as the infinite nothing (a measurement of space) in which all sets must exist. Since you cannot have a set of nothing, we are representing nothing (empty space) as a null set.
Cantor's Theorem can only apply to that which can be counted, even infinitely, within a space. Since space cannot be enumerated, it cannot be included in a set as it is the container of all sets and the Universe contains all space.