@Intrepid,
Quote:Of the several attempts to land an object on the moon without crashing, only two were successful. One only weighted 99 kg and neither of them had landing gear. Air bags were the devices used to land. One of the objects actually crashed on the moon three days prior to the reported landing of the U.S.
Where do you get your information?
There was a USSR Luna 9 that landed on the moon ahead of the US and it was the one weighting in at 99 KG and a numbers of Luna Surveyors that landed on the moon without crashing. They weigh in at around 500 pounds each.
In fact, there were just two of the six or so surveyors that did crash and one of the surveyors was look at by the crew of the Apollo 12 missions and parts return to earth.
In the 1970s the USSR even landed moon rovers and return very small samples of the moon to the earth!
Oh and at least the Surveyors had landing gears
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Surveyor_Program
There were seven Surveyor missions; five were successful. Surveyors 2 and 4 failed. Each consisted of a single unmanned spacecraft designed and built by Hughes Aircraft Company.
Surveyor 1 - Launched May 30, 1966; landed on Oceanus Procellarum, June 2, 1966
Surveyor 2 - Launched September 20, 1966; crashed near Copernicus crater, September 23, 1966
Surveyor 3 - Launched April 17, 1967; landed on Oceanus Procellarum, April 20, 1967
Surveyor 4 - Launched July 14, 1967; crashed on Sinus Medii, July 17, 1967
Surveyor 5 - Launched September 3, 1967; landed on Mare Tranquillitatis, September 11, 1967
Surveyor 6 - Launched November 7, 1967; landed on Sinus Medii, November 10, 1967
Surveyor 7 - Launched January 7, 1968; landed near Tycho crater, January 10, 1968
Surveyor 6 was the first spacecraft to lift off from the Moon's surface, and Apollo 12 landed within walking distance of the Surveyor 3 landing site.
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Luna_9
Luna 9 (E-6 series) (internal name E-6 N. 13) was an unmanned space mission of the Soviet Union's Luna program. On February 3, 1966 the Luna 9 spacecraft was the first spacecraft to achieve a soft landing on any planetary body other than Earth and to transmit photographic data to Earth.
The automatic lunar station that achieved the survivable landing weighed 99 kg. It used a landing bag and survived the impact at 15 meters/second ()[1]. It was a hermetically sealed container with radio equipment, a program timing device, heat control systems, scientific apparatus, power sources, and a television system. The Luna 9 payload was carried to Earth orbit by an A-2-E vehicle and then conveyed toward the Moon by a fourth stage rocket that separated itself from the payload. The flight apparatus separated from the payload shortly before Luna 9 landed.
After landing in the Oceanus Procellarum on February 3, the four petals, which covered the top half of the spacecraft, opened outward and stabilized the spacecraft on the lunar surface. Spring-controlled antennas assumed operating positions, and the television camera rotating mirror system, which operated by revolving and tilting, began a photographic survey of the lunar environment. Seven radio sessions, totaling 8 hours and 5 minutes, were transmitted as were three series of TV pictures.
When assembled, the photographs provided a panoramic view of the nearby lunar surface. The pictures included views of nearby rocks and of the horizon 1.4 km away from the spacecraft.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Luna_Landers_on_the_Moon
Luna programme
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
(Redirected from Luna Landers on the Moon)
Jump to: navigation, search
Luna 1
Luna 3
Luna 16
Luna 17
Luna 24
Location of Luna missions on the MoonThe Luna programme (from the Russian word Луна "Luna" meaning "Moon"), occasionally called Lunik or Lunnik, was a series of robotic spacecraft missions sent to the Moon by the Soviet Union between 1959 and 1976. Fifteen were successful, each designed as either an orbiter or lander, and accomplished many firsts in space exploration. They also performed many experiments, studying the Moon's chemical composition, gravity, temperature, and radiation. Twenty-four spacecraft were formally given the Luna designation, although more were launched. Those that failed to reach orbit were not publicly acknowledged at the time, and not assigned a Luna number. Those that failed in low Earth orbit were usually given Cosmos designations [1]. The estimated cost of Luna Program was about $4.5 billion.
Contents [hide]
1 Achievements
2 Other notable missions
3 Missions
4 See also
5 External links
[edit] Achievements
Luna 1 missed its intended impact with the Moon and became the first spacecraft to fall into orbit around the Sun.
In 1959, the Luna 2 mission successfully impacted upon the lunar surface, becoming the first man-made object to reach the Moon.
Luna 3 rounded the Moon later that year, and returned the first photographs of its far side, which can never be seen from Earth.
Luna 9 became the first probe to achieve a soft landing on another planetary body (February 1966). It returned five black and white stereoscopic circular panoramas, which were the first close-up shots of the Lunar surface.
Later that year Luna 10 became the first artificial satellite of the Moon.
Luna 17 and Luna 21 carried vehicles that roamed around on the Moon's terrain (see Lunokhod programme).
Another major achievement of the Luna programme, with Luna 16, Luna 20 and Luna 24 spacecrafts, was the ability to collect samples of lunar soil and return them to Earth, by 1970. The program returned 0.326 kg of lunar samples. The Luna missions were the first space-exploration sample return missions to rely solely on advanced robotics.
[edit] Other notable missions
Luna 15, also designed to return soil samples from the lunar surface, holds the significance of undergoing its mission at the same time as the historic Apollo 11 mission. Arguably a last-ditch attempt to steal thunder from the potential American success, it would have returned lunar samples to Earth before the Apollo astronauts could do so. However, Neil Armstrong and Buzz Aldrin were already on the lunar surface when Luna 15 began its descent, and the spacecraft crashed into a mountain minutes later.
[edit] Missions
Luna 1958A
Launch failure September 23, 1958
Lunar impact attempt
Luna 1958B
Launch failure October 11, 1958
Lunar impact attempt
Luna 1958C
Launch failure December 4, 1958
Lunar impact attempt
Luna 1958D
Launch failure December 17, 1958
Lunar impact attempt
Luna 1
Launched January 2, 1959
Lunar (Impact) Flyby
Luna 1959A
Launch failure June 18, 1959
Lunar impact attempt
Luna 2
Launched September 12, 1959
Lunar impact September 14, 1959 at ~07:30:00 UT
Latitude 29.10 N, Longitude 0.00 - Palus Putredinis
Luna 3
Launched October 4, 1959
Lunar Flyby
Luna 1960A
Launch failure April 15, 1960
Lunar flyby attempt
Luna 1960B
Launch failure April 19, 1960
Lunar flyby attempt
Luna - Sputnik 25
Launched January 4, 1963 (failed to escape orbit and decayed back into the atmosphere after just one day)
Soft landing attempt
Luna 1963B
Launch failure February 3, 1963
Soft landing attempt
Luna 4
Launched April 2, 1963
Lunar Flyby (Soft landing attempt)
Luna 1964A
Launch failure March 21, 1964
Soft landing attempt
Luna 1964B
Launch failure April 20, 1964
Soft landing attempt
Luna - Cosmos 60
Launched March 12, 1965 (failed to escape orbit and decayed back into the atmosphere after five days)
Soft landing attempt
Luna 1965A
Launch failure April 10, 1965
Soft landing attempt
Luna 5
Launched May 9, 1965
Lunar impact (soft landing attempt) - Sea of Clouds
Luna 6
Launched June 8, 1965
Attempted Lander - Missed Moon
Luna 7
Launched October 4, 1965
Lunar Impact - Oceanus Procellarum
Luna 8
Launched December 3, 1965
Lunar Impact - Sea of Storms
Luna 9
Launched January 31, 1966
Landed on Moon February 3, 1966 at 18:44:52 UT
Latitude 7.08 N, Longitude 295.63 E - Oceanus Procellarum
Luna - Cosmos 111
Launched March 1, 1966 (failed to escape orbit and decayed back into the atmosphere after two days)
Lunar orbit attempt
Luna 10
Launched March 31, 1966
Lunar Orbiter
Luna 1966A
Launch failure April 30, 1966
Lunar Orbiter attempt
Luna 11
Launched August 24, 1966
Lunar Orbiter
Luna 12
Launched October 22, 1966
Lunar Orbiter
Luna 13
Launched December 21, 1966
Landed on Moon December 24, 1966 at 18:01:00 UT
Latitude 18.87 N, 297.95 E - Oceanus Procellarum
Luna 1968A
Launch failure February 7, 1968
Lunar Orbiter attempt
Luna 14
Launched April 7, 1968
Lunar Orbiter
Luna 1969A
Launch failure February 19, 1969
Lunar Rover attempt
Luna 1969B
Launch failure April 15, 1969
Lunar Sample Return attempt
Luna 1969C
Launch failure June 14, 1969
Lunar Sample Return attempt
Luna 15
Launched July 13, 1969
Lunar Orbiter (attempted lander)
Luna - Cosmos 300
Launched September 23, 1969
Lunar Sample Return attempt (failed to escape orbit and decayed back into the atmosphere after four days)
Luna - Cosmos 305
Launched October 22, 1969
Lunar Sample Return attempt (failed to escape orbit and decayed back into the atmosphere after two days)
Luna 1970A
Launch failure February 6, 1970
Lunar Sample Return attempt
Luna 1970B
Launch failure February 19, 1970
Lunar Orbiter attempt
Luna 16
Launched September 12, 1970
Landed on Moon September 20, 1970 at 05:18:00 UT
Latitude 0.68 S, Longitude 56.30 E - Mare Fecunditatis
Lunar Sample Return to Earth September 24, 1970
Luna 17/Lunokhod 1
Launched November 10, 1970
Landed on Moon November 17, 1970 at 03:47:00 UT
Latitude 38.28 N, Longitude 325.00 E - Mare Imbrium
Lunar Rover - Lunokhod 1
Luna 18
Launched September 2, 1971
Lunar Impact (Lunar Sample Return attempt)
Latitude 3.57 N, Longitude 50.50 E - Mare Fecunditatis
Luna 19
Launched September 28, 1971
Lunar Orbiter
Luna 20
Launched February 14, 1972
Landed on Moon February 21, 1972 at 19:19:00 UT
Latitude 3.57 N, Longitude 56.50 E - Mare Fecunditatis
Lunar Sample Return to Earth February 25, 1972
Luna 21/Lunokhod 2
Launched January 8, 1973
Landed on Moon January 15, 1973 at 23:35:00 UT
Latitude 25.85 N, Longitude 30.45 E - LeMonnier Crater
Lunar Rover - Lunokhod 2
Luna 22
Launched May 29, 1974
Lunar Orbiter
Luna 23
Launched October 28, 1974
Lunar Lander (Lunar Sample Return attempt) - Mare Crisium
Luna 1975A
Launch failure October 16, 1975
Lunar Sample Return attempt - Mare Crisium
Luna 24
Launched August 9, 1976
Landed on Moon August 18, 1976 at 02:00:00 UT
Latitude 12.25 N, Longitude 62.20 E - Mare Crisium
Lunar Sample Return- Mare Crisium
[edit] See also
Luna 8K72
Soviet space program