@raprap,
The Society of Mechanical Engineering,ASME, for a long time, hadthe "peer review" contract for the US DOE. They published yearly volumes of "Assessments of Technologies Supported by the Office of SCience and Technology (DOE)"
In each volume, the ASME presents the rationale for its own unique peer review system. As far as Ive seen, (I used to be part of this), there were no actual educational requirements stipulated. Instead, a "peer review committee had to be proposed and reviewed by an Executive Committee that oversaw these programs.
Most people hd advanced degrees AND lotsa experience. A few people had NO advanced degrees but had line experience (Anything delaing with any plant ops (like at y-12) would usually alwy include such a pwrson or two in a specific technology review committee.
Each year the volume presented technical peer reviews of a hundred or moe contracts.
(It was a good way to catch dumb research or to propose some technology be "speeded up" (for broader market operations), or even where research showed that no further testing was needed, to stablish a "lets go to market: action group.
I don't know that this process is still alive. Many govt contracts in research had been disappeared in the last 15 years