1
   

Capitalism Will Bring World Peace

 
 
EmperorNero
 
  1  
Reply Tue 26 Jan, 2010 02:54 pm
@pagan,
pagan;122784 wrote:
the point is though that a ruling class can be formed by corporate land owners. Its a ruling class by a different name and a different form, but its a ruling class nontheless.


Yes of course. It frequently is. I don't quite see your point.
pagan
 
  1  
Reply Tue 26 Jan, 2010 03:06 pm
@EmperorNero,
The dissemination of large scale government to the 'free market', opens the formation of a different ruling class based upon large scale beaurocratic corporations without the relationship with large scale beaurocratic government.
Pepijn Sweep
 
  1  
Reply Tue 26 Jan, 2010 03:19 pm
@BrightNoon,
BrightNoon;122658 wrote:
Greed is not based on capitalism, it's based in human nature. Capitalism merely allows already existent greed to be harnessed for productive activity.

That's entirely true that capitalism in its pristine state has never existed in reality. In that sense, it is merely a 'hope for the future' -


In North-west Europe existed the Hanze-Union. A Union of trading cities with fixed measurements, this was till around 1100. Ships and cargo were often from diffent owners but all under the protection of the Hanze. Later you find the Republics of Venice and Genua.

Maybe old-fashioned capitalism is a thing of the past and not of the future. May-be it just gets a new label.

Just a try to understand different opinions, not motivated by greed but by interest. :detective:
EmperorNero
 
  1  
Reply Tue 26 Jan, 2010 03:19 pm
@pagan,
pagan;122799 wrote:
The dissemination of large scale government to the 'free market', opens the formation of a different ruling class based upon large scale beaurocratic corporations without the relationship with large scale beaurocratic government.


Oh, I see what you mean.
Essentially that argument is "capitalism concentrates wealth", correct?
Well, it doesn't. This has been shown to not happen in the real life economy. Wealth almost exclusively concentrates due to government interferences.
In free markets, concentrating wealth is quite difficult, as you have competition. After dissemination of large scale government to the free market competition would root out the formation of a ruling class.
BrightNoon
 
  1  
Reply Tue 26 Jan, 2010 09:48 pm
@Pepijn Sweep,
Pepijn Sweep;122806 wrote:
In North-west Europe existed the Hanze-Union. A Union of trading cities with fixed measurements, this was till around 1100. Ships and cargo were often from diffent owners but all under the protection of the Hanze. Later you find the Republics of Venice and Genua.

Maybe old-fashioned capitalism is a thing of the past and not of the future. May-be it just gets a new label.

Just a try to understand different opinions, not motivated by greed but by interest. :detective:


Could you elaborate please? I'm afraid I don't understand your comments - what is the relationship that you are suggesting exists between the Hanseatic League, Venice, and Genoa on the one hand, and more modern capitalism on the other?
0 Replies
 
xris
 
  1  
Reply Wed 27 Jan, 2010 05:53 am
@EmperorNero,
EmperorNero;122807 wrote:
Oh, I see what you mean.
Essentially that argument is "capitalism concentrates wealth", correct?
Well, it doesn't. This has been shown to not happen in the real life economy. Wealth almost exclusively concentrates due to government interferences.
In free markets, concentrating wealth is quite difficult, as you have competition. After dissemination of large scale government to the free market competition would root out the formation of a ruling class.
But you cant show examples of capitalism, you have admitted as much. What will stop monopolies seizing control ? Competition cant be eliminated without government government controls, that has been experienced.

Most of the land is owned by a very small amount of people in the UK and that is from an inherited aristocracy that held power through rampant capitalism from our past. If you look at capitalism at its height in the British isles it created large amounts of wealth for a few ,while the working class suffered terribly...be off with your ideology we have suffered enough by its greed and immorality.
EmperorNero
 
  1  
Reply Wed 27 Jan, 2010 07:13 am
@xris,
xris;122983 wrote:
But you cant show examples of capitalism, you have admitted as much.


I admitted that there is no pure capitalist country. A detail you seem incredibly hung up on, yet it is incredibly irrelevant. There isn't a nation that has perfected the concept of blood donation either, does that mean that donating blood is a utopian idea and we shouldn't be trying it?

Every society, whether compared with itself over time or with others, the more capitalist it is the less concentrated wealth is.

xris;122983 wrote:
What will stop monopolies seizing control ?


Competition. If a product is sold above it's market value, somebody will offer it cheaper, unless there is some government restriction on doing that.
A monopoly as such is not a bad thing, if that is the most efficient way of producing a product, meaning the monopolist doesn't exploit it's situation. Then the customer gets the best/cheapest product, and society as a whole benefits. If the monopolist exploits his situation by demanding higher prices or offers worse quality because customers have to buy with him, then in a free market somebody will offer that product cheaper or better, and take over market shares of the monopolist. Unless government keeps him from doing so.
Exploitative monopolies have never developed in real life without some form of government protection of the monopolist.
This has been shown theoretically and empirically. And it is so common sense among economists that most don't bother saying it out loud.

xris;122983 wrote:
Competition cant be eliminated without government government controls, that has been experienced.


Why should competition be eliminated? Competition is a good thing.

xris;122983 wrote:
Most of the land is owned by a very small amount of people in the UK and that is from an inherited aristocracy that held power through rampant capitalism from our past. If you look at capitalism at its height in the British isles it created large amounts of wealth for a few...


No. Government/aristocracy intervention in free markets created large amounts of wealth for few, that inherited their land to very few. In free markets wealth spreads out. Just because this wealth was earned in capitalist enterprises, doesn't mean it was a capitalist mechanisms that concentrated the wealth. The concentration is the fault of government intervention.
It's actually very tricky to hold on to wealth in capitalism. Because those pesky poor people constantly come up with clever ideas to make better or cheaper products than you. Even in the strongly state intervened US economy only a third of the super rich still were in that category a decade later. That's why you have to get government to give you some protection from competition if you want to hold on to your wealth.
xris
 
  1  
Reply Wed 27 Jan, 2010 09:04 am
@EmperorNero,
When our aristocracy took its land it was rampant capitalism , how would future capitalism solve that position?

Monopolise with their wealth simple gobble up any new guys that show any initiative. Its only governments that can limit their ability.

Im sorry, till you can point to a fine example of a capitalist society, it will be just a script from a horror film, for me.
Pepijn Sweep
 
  1  
Reply Wed 27 Jan, 2010 09:41 am
@EmperorNero,
Capitalism will not bring peace, as is thought by some. I am just giving exemples in European history when trading cities organized their economies, including banks and trading-posts.

Nowadays people seem to think it economics ruling the world. I don't agree. After all, circumstance change and nationalist ideas, religion, laws & treaties have to be taken in account.

I believe in entrepeneurs, not in managers. The public domain should be free of capitalist-intervention.
0 Replies
 
EmperorNero
 
  1  
Reply Wed 27 Jan, 2010 09:49 am
@xris,
xris;123012 wrote:
When our aristocracy took its land it was rampant capitalism , how would future capitalism solve that position?

So the aristocracy didn't own the majority of the land before this "rampant capitalism"? I think it did. Wealth was much more unevenly distributed before British laissez faire capitalism. So if we see a more even distribution of wealth after the introduction of capitalism, how can you blame capitalism for concentration of wealth?

Future capitalism would solve that problem by having economies free of socialist government intervention that protect the rich from competition.

xris;123012 wrote:
Monopolise with their wealth simple gobble up any new guys that show any initiative.

If it were true, the simple existence of people and corporations with great wealth would mean that every new guy with initiative would be gobbled up before he could get big. Since obviously nothing restricts those wealthy from only gobbling up those that don't compete with them personally but everything with a promising prospect. So your theory says that the mere existence of "the rich" would mean that there is nobody that can build up wealth from scratch. If you look at the numbers, this just isn't true, there are many who build up wealth from scratch.
If the rich bought everyone up with a promising prospect, they would buy up a lot of enterprises that turn out failures. It's just not something that happens in the real life economy.

xris;123012 wrote:
Its only governments that can limit their ability.

Maybe theoretically government has the ability to protect newcomers from the establishment. But because those who already are wealthy and powerful have more political leverage than those newcomers, it is unlikely that government will intervene to restrict the establishment and not to protect the establishment. It might pretend for populist reasons.
And here I have to ask you for a real world example when government ever has helped out the 'little guy' and not those with power and influence. Or else your ideal is utopia.

xris;123012 wrote:
Im sorry, till you can point to a fine example of a capitalist society, it will be just a script from a horror film, for me.

I don't understand your obsession with an example. Does the fact that no country is a perfect example of organizing blood donations mean that the concept of donating blood is not worth pursuing?

U.S.A. 1900. There you go. That's my example. Have you one where socialism works?
0 Replies
 
josh0335
 
  1  
Reply Wed 27 Jan, 2010 10:34 am
@EmperorNero,
EmperorNero;122995 wrote:

Competition. If a product is sold above it's market value, somebody will offer it cheaper, unless there is some government restriction on doing that.
A monopoly as such is not a bad thing, if that is the most efficient way of producing a product, meaning the monopolist doesn't exploit it's situation. Then the customer gets the best/cheapest product, and society as a whole benefits. If the monopolist exploits his situation by demanding higher prices or offers worse quality because customers have to buy with him, then in a free market somebody will offer that product cheaper or better, and take over market shares of the monopolist. Unless government keeps him from doing so.
Exploitative monopolies have never developed in real life without some form of government protection of the monopolist.
This has been shown theoretically and empirically. And it is so common sense among economists that most don't bother saying it out loud.


I wasn't going to comment on this thread again but I have to disagree with the above. Once again, you've not grasped what a monopoly is. It controls the market. It has an inelastic supply curve, which means it actually dictates the market value of its product. There is no natural market price, so whatever they dictate is gospel. No competitor can undercut the set price because they would be selling it below the market value (set by the monopoly) and would thus go bust or not make enough profit to get a substantial share of the market. And where there is no competition, there is no efficiency so you will always pay inflated prices when buying from a monopoly.

The US and I think most of the Western world has measures to stop large companies having monopolies on a domestic market precisely because of this problem. The barriers to entry become so high that new companies can't compete. So exploitative monopolies (which doesn't really make sense, as all companies are exploiting their presence in the market) can happen without government intervention.

I think the point is that if you are admitting that concentrated wealth is a bad thing, then capitalism doesn't resolve this problem. You've used a statistic a few times in this thread, being that the richest people are no longer on the list after a decade. Would you mind providing a source for this? Because I'm wondering whether you are referring to companies or individuals. Microsoft, Coca Cola, etc. haven't fallen anywhere over the decades, although their directors and top shareholders have come and gone.
pagan
 
  1  
Reply Wed 27 Jan, 2010 11:42 am
@josh0335,
yes the argument for rampant corporate capitalism by some in this thread is based upon the idea that we have never had it. That it has always been polluted by government. Thus we cannot make any negative judgements about rampant corporate capitalism! thats crazy.

Corporations are large scale multi national machine institutions. One aspect of them that isn't recognised by its supporters is that corporations will exploit any way to make money. That includes control of supply and distribution. It also includes no regard for sustainability. It also includes rapid population growth in the face of unsustainability (more consumers more profit), and the dependency of populations upon them because they cannot disengage (a monstrous captured market). Short term profit is A ok within the scheme of the free market. It is viewed by its supporters as something that comes and goes without harm. Long term profit on the other hand seems to be viewed by its supporters in nothing other than a rosy glow. But when a captured market hits a brick wall, it quickly reverts to short term profit as it falls.

The present situation is very largely created by the technological use of oil. Oil isn't just motor fuel, it is written into the means of production, distribution and chemical makeup of every single product for sale. It is not sustainable. The demand for oil because of rising populations dependent (pyschologically and materially) upon it, will soon mean that it will outstrip supply. Capitalism has no answer to this. It creates the fall. And expects to exploit the fall. The problem will be that when the collapse due to oil demand outstripping supply comes it will break down social cohesion because billions will suddenly find there isn't enough to go round. That will include the corporations. Corporations promote a very particular form of social cohesion. When the machine can no longer satisfy the dependency that it has created it will break down. The bubble will burst.

The machine doesn't care any more than a virus cares for the host. When one host dies the machine moves to another. Those mass beaurocracies take many forms. Governments, corporations, religions.... When one fails the machine will simply shift into the others.

The idea that if capitalism and the corporations could only be free of government that we the people will be free of monstrous machine beaurocracies is to focus on the dynamic relationship between mass governments and mass corporations, and not see what is common between them.

We need to disengage from the massive machines (governments and corporations) and get back to the local. Any 'losses' due to abandoning scale will be more than compensated for by gains of a completely different quality.
0 Replies
 
Pepijn Sweep
 
  1  
Reply Wed 27 Jan, 2010 11:52 am
@EmperorNero,
1900..Tried looking at the Census report of that year. Seems more an Mercantile approach to me. Could only see the index though. NY 1900. Waldorff-Astoria 400? Maybe just myth.
0 Replies
 
EmperorNero
 
  1  
Reply Wed 27 Jan, 2010 12:21 pm
@josh0335,
josh0335;123027 wrote:
I wasn't going to comment on this thread again but I have to disagree with the above. Once again, you've not grasped what a monopoly is. It controls the market. It has an inelastic supply curve, which means it actually dictates the market value of its product. There is no natural market price, so whatever they dictate is gospel. No competitor can undercut the set price because they would be selling it below the market value (set by the monopoly) and would thus go bust or not make enough profit to get a substantial share of the market. And where there is no competition, there is no efficiency so you will always pay inflated prices when buying from a monopoly.


Thanks for commenting on the debate. But... no.
We could go through a bunch of economic talk, but I want to focus on one sentence you start out with and then build the rest of your argument on.
You say "It controls the market." You state this as if it follows from being a monopoly. But is not some sort of a priori fact that a company that has a monopoly must control the market. There has to be some reason that the company that has a monopoly is protected from competition outside of it being the monopoly. (I hope you realize that otherwise it would be a circular argument.)

One reason why the company with a monopoly is protected from competition might be that government protects it with laws. This is what happens by far the most often. But my position does away with this reason. Since I advocate the implementation of free markets, you can't blame that reason for the existence of a monopoly on my position.
Another reason might be that the company is the cheapest/best at producing the product. In that case we do have a competitive market, the monopoly just out-competes all competitors. In this case the customer and society as a whole are not harmed by the existence of a monopoly. If that producer should raise it's prices above market value*, competitors come in to offer the product at market value.
And another reason for a monopoly might be a physical restriction on potential competitors. Like a phone, electricity or railway company. Those cases are quite rare, and also easy to identify. We can get into that. But I think they are not that important.

*The company with a monopoly does not set the natural market price. It can only set it's own price. There is always a natural market price of a product, determined by supply and demand. The price the product would have been sold at if the monopoly or cartel didn't fix the price. This market price might not be known to anyone, and the supply and demand that determine it might be obscured by the artificial pricing. But there always exists a competitive price, a company with a monopoly does not have the power to "set the market price".

josh0335;123027 wrote:
The US and I think most of the Western world has measures to stop large companies having monopolies on a domestic market precisely because of this problem. The barriers to entry become so high that new companies can't compete. So exploitative monopolies (which doesn't really make sense, as all companies are exploiting their presence in the market) can happen without government intervention.


Anti trust laws mostly protect existing producers from potential competition, not the other way around. Why else would all of big business be for them?
You argument here essentially is: "that we have laws that are supposed to stop monopolies from forming in a free market proves that monopolies can form in a free market". Quick answer is that those laws don't have that effect (or intention). I leave it at that, we can get more into that if you want.

josh0335;123027 wrote:
I think the point is that if you are admitting that concentrated wealth is a bad thing, then capitalism doesn't resolve this problem.


Yes, I consider wealth concentrating a bad thing. Capitalism does resolve that problem, if we just let capitalism work. The more we let it work, the more wealth equals out, like water finding it's own level. But sadly we have such a passion for "doing something", i.e. having the government build dams.

josh0335;123027 wrote:
You've used a statistic a few times in this thread, being that the richest people are no longer on the list after a decade. Would you mind providing a source for this? Because I'm wondering whether you are referring to companies or individuals. Microsoft, Coca Cola, etc. haven't fallen anywhere over the decades, although their directors and top shareholders have come and gone.


I am referring to individuals. The quote goes like this:
"While it is correct that "the rich" as a statistical group gain more in income than "the poor", every study over the last 30 years found that high income individuals lose income over time. The poor don't stay poor long, and the rich don't stay rich long. Only a quarter of the super rich were still in that group a decade later."
It is from Glenn Beck's Arguing with Idiots, you can chose to not believe that "right-wing demagogue", but I don't think he blatantly makes stuff up in best-selling books. And we probably could figure out some way to confirm it. But I don't want this to be about fact-checking. So believe me or not.
The point is that those statistics you hear about "the rich getting richer in evil capitalism" are misleading. High income individuals are not getting richer, only the statistical group as a whole. The same with low income individuals as opposed to "the poor".
And that the statistical group "the rich" grows, only shows that people can get rich in capitalism. Which I happen to think is a good thing.
xris
 
  1  
Reply Wed 27 Jan, 2010 02:44 pm
@EmperorNero,
Nero for an advocate of pure capitalism you have strange concept of its workings. Corporate companies have no enemies without government. They act with impunity , they are the masters of all their empire. Take Nestles, no morality , no care for the coffee bean growers nor the African mother tricked into using formula milk. Their turnover is more than many countries they abuse. You cant control their ability with competition , there aint non. As soon as a competitor looks like making inroads into its profits, it buys them up and they disappear.

Wealth concentration is control. Money is power.One word..BANKERS

History of the british Isles, would you say our early medieval history was more about capitalism or socialism? I always thought of it as the ultimate in capitalism through anarchy. This is when those land owners stole the land and centuries of capitalism never once took it from them.
EmperorNero
 
  1  
Reply Wed 27 Jan, 2010 03:25 pm
@xris,
xris;123076 wrote:
Nero for an advocate of pure capitalism you have strange concept of its workings. Corporate companies have no enemies without government. They act with impunity , they are the masters of all their empire. Take Nestles, no morality , no care for the coffee bean growers nor the African mother tricked into using formula milk. Their turnover is more than many countries they abuse. You cant control their ability with competition , there aint non. As soon as a competitor looks like making inroads into its profits, it buys them up and they disappear.

Wealth concentration is control. Money is power.One word..BANKERS

History of the british Isles, would you say our early medieval history was more about capitalism or socialism? I always thought of it as the ultimate in capitalism through anarchy. This is when those land owners stole the land and centuries of capitalism never once took it from them.


What clearer example is there of extreme socialism than medieval feudalism? Back then the ruling class - which isn't that different from todays political class - had control over practically all aspects of the economy. They even told the peasants where they could live. Capitalism was practiced to a very small degree, if at all. It is also a very clear picture of what you can expect from socialism in the future.
Some say the 20th century was the century of socialism, with communism spreading much of the globe. But it really was the century of capitalism, this century of high living standards will soon end and we will return to control being in the hands of a few central planners, and the masses toiling in ignorance, as it has been for most of human history.

If you want examples of capitalism in history, take the Roman empire until the third century crisis (when internal instability brought an end to free trade) or the Islamic golden age. Both periods of great prosperity and high standards of living. Coincidence?

The enemy of corporations are not the government, it's other corporations. If you look at the things in your room, your computer, your food, has the government mandated the companies to provide those things or did a company provide them for selfish reasons, in order to compete for your money?
Capitalism is not greedy, it provides a mechanism for channeling greed for good. Providing for others needs is good, right? So what system could be more moral than one that turns selfishness into providing benefits for others?
The only objective of government should be that "channeling".
Socialism might base itself in nobler intentions. Yet it does not provide a mechanism where both partners of a transaction will be better off. A selfless act will mean only one person is better off. You can keep trying to get people to be selfless, but ultimately you can't get them to without force.

When you look back, what has brought social or environmental changes? Was it that government mandated it, or was it that customers became more aware of the environment and bought products that went easy on the environment? Government regulation might seem like an easy way to get those things you desire, but it is almost always counter productive. It just doesn't work. (Of course you shouldn't forget that for example protecting a lake from being poisoned is not socialism, being protected from the encroachment of others is the basis of capitalism, even more important than being protected from the encroachment of the government.)

Wealth concentrates in the hands of bankers because the government keeps printing money. Government steals five percent of your money each year, without you even noticing, where do you think that money goes? The bankers. The logical conclusion of that is that all money is owned by one person. But that has nothing to do with capitalism, and everything with inflationary money policy.

---------- Post added 01-27-2010 at 10:34 PM ----------

I wanted to ask you if you can mention a particular socialist policy that has worked.
And I will see if I can agree with that.
xris
 
  1  
Reply Wed 27 Jan, 2010 03:56 pm
@EmperorNero,
Nero, I have to tell you , you are becoming very rhetoric and unable to grasp history for what it is not what you imagine.British history up till the middle of the 20c was one of unopposed capitalism. That's why oppose it.

I have given socialists successes and you say its gifted with assets that deny its ability.
EmperorNero
 
  1  
Reply Wed 27 Jan, 2010 04:02 pm
@xris,
xris;123103 wrote:
Nero, I have to tell you , you are becoming very rhetoric and unable to grasp history for what it is not what you imagine.British history up till the middle of the 20c was one of unopposed capitalism. That's why oppose it.

I have given socialists successes and you say its gifted with assets that deny its ability.


You do know the definitions of capitalism and socialism, right?
Capitalism doesn't mean "something undesirable", and socialism doesn't mean "something desirable".
Socialism is state control of the means of production, what successes has that concept had?
Capitalism is the private control of the means of production, so how are any of the things you don't like capitalism?

if you are for "being social", the economic system that promotes that the most is capitalism. As exemplified by the fact that US Americans donate more per capita than any other nation.
0 Replies
 
BrightNoon
 
  1  
Reply Wed 27 Jan, 2010 11:53 pm
@xris,
xris;123103 wrote:
British history up till the middle of the 20c was one of unopposed capitalism.


Britain through most of the 19th century was highly capitalistic, except in one very important regard: the Bank of England. No amount of welfare, regulation, state control of production and so forth does more to threaten the essential dynamic of the free market (free competition) than a central bank, literally owned and operated by the wealthiest private banking interests in the land. British industry was ruined because of the depredations of high finance, which would have been impossible without the central bank. For example, the repeal of the Corn Laws in 1846, which opened up the English market to foreign grain imports, destroyed the english yeomanry, and drove a huge segement of the population into the cities. The abominable labor conditions during this period are more a result of that trend - excess industrial labor in overcrowded cities - than of any fundemental tendency of capitalism to brutally exploit workers. Of course, another cause was the absence - due to government prohibition and repression - of functioning labor unions, which in a free market act as a counbter-balance to immense corporations. Back to my point though; the repeal of the Corn Laws, and of other protective tarrifs on imported industrial goods, was not achieved through the influence of English manufacturers or landowners. Rather, it was the bankers, in control of the central bank, who wanted 'free trade.' Why? Because of some preference for open markets in principle? Hardly, they wanted 'free trade' because it would make England increasingly dependent on foreign manufactures and commodities; as they controlled the international markets through the endless credit of the central bank, this meant that they could garantee themselves a position as middleman in that trade. This motive still drives most economic developments in the world; the elite western financial houses, with the indispensable assistance of the central banks they control - i.e. the government granted monopolies on credit - attempt to control international markets through the depth of their pockets, while simulteinsouly denying investment capital for real economic development. If you control this financial system, it doesn't matter to you if world production slows and development stops; you don't profit from production, you profit from market transactions - being the middleman - by virtue of your endlessly deep pockets. As long as you retain this control, and prevent real economic growth independent of the markets you control - read: protectionism - you control everything. It's a zero-sum game; you're share of the pie constantly increases, so who cares if the pie is shrinking?

If state monopolies are anathema to capitalism - as they are - there is nothing more anathema to capitalism than a central bank, which is in effect a private monopoly on the creation of credit.
EmperorNero
 
  1  
Reply Thu 28 Jan, 2010 03:20 am
@BrightNoon,
BrightNoon;123174 wrote:
Britain through most of the 19th century was highly capitalistic, except in one very important regard: the Bank of England. No amount of welfare, regulation, state control of production and so forth does more to threaten the essential dynamic of the free market (free competition) than a central bank, literally owned and operated by the wealthiest private banking interests in the land. British industry was ruined because of the depredations of high finance, which would have been impossible without the central bank. For example, the repeal of the Corn Laws in 1846, which opened up the English market to foreign grain imports, destroyed the english yeomanry, and drove a huge segement of the population into the cities. The abominable labor conditions during this period are more a result of that trend - excess industrial labor in overcrowded cities - than of any fundemental tendency of capitalism to brutally exploit workers. Of course, another cause was the absence - due to government prohibition and repression - of functioning labor unions, which in a free market act as a counbter-balance to immense corporations. Back to my point though; the repeal of the Corn Laws, and of other protective tarrifs on imported industrial goods, was not achieved through the influence of English manufacturers or landowners. Rather, it was the bankers, in control of the central bank, who wanted 'free trade.' Why? Because of some preference for open markets in principle? Hardly, they wanted 'free trade' because it would make England increasingly dependent on foreign manufactures and commodities; as they controlled the international markets through the endless credit of the central bank, this meant that they could garantee themselves a position as middleman in that trade....


I'm beginning to think that we need Islamic banking laws.
0 Replies
 
 

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