Help with my japanese

Hello.
I'm trying to figure out how Japanese works.
All I could find on the web, was about pronunciation and/or "useful" phrases, like "where is the train station?".
But I'd like to know how to form sentences in Japanese, such as:
"Give me the key" "Give her a kiss" or "take a blue pencil", etc.
Could you help me with :
1) In which order should I put all the words (especially when using adjectives)
2) What verb forms should I use?
3) Are the pronouns always there? I had the impression that they were not always necessary.

Thanks in advance.