@Foxfyre,
Foxfyre, voluntary charity giving is a private individual value and and a private group process. The objective of most--not all--private charity is ultimately reducing the dependence on charity of people receiving that charity. When government is the giver of charity, the consequence is sustained dependence on its charity. So I think it an unhealthy idea to grant government the right to give as charity that which is obtained by forcing people to provide it.
As you know, there exists no provision in the Constitution granting the federal government the power to give to private individuals or organizations a pottion of its tax revenue. Therefore, such action by the federal government is illegal.
If some fixed dollars of total income were taxed at a zero rate, and the rest taxed at, say, 13%, that would be a violation of the Constitutional provision that all federal taxes "shall be uniform throughout the United States." Some people think that means only that any non-uniformity in the tax laws shall be uniform throughout the United States. I think the interpretation that
uniform = uniform-non-uniformity is not only self-contradictory, it's ridiculous.
My choice of a 13% flat tax rate is based on the assumption that total USA personal income will grow within a decade of its adoption to 20 trillion from its present 10 trillion. Then 13% of 20 trillion would deliver 2.6 trillion dollars revenue. While current government expenditures exceed that, the additional effect of such a tax would be to force either a reduction in total federal expenditures or a tax increase. If
everyone is paying that tax, then everyone has a stake in keeping the tax low, perhaps at 13%.
Nonetheless, if a two-tax rate system were adopted (e.g., 0% on the 1st say 20 thousand dollars of income, and 13% on the rest) , I'd still celebrate the improvement that will help make to our economy.