@Debra Law,
Thanks for yelling at me, Debra. I'm intellectually slow, so your red letters and your capitalizing of the word "response" were essential to my comprehension.
Seriously though: I think your response is reasonable, although I tend to side with joefromchicago here, who would abolish marriage as a distinct civic institution, replace the contractual aspect of it with plain vanilla contract law, and leave everything else to churches or whatever humanist organizations might suit agnostics and atheists. I doubt, however, that we'll find this solution on the agenda of American conservatism in 2008 and beyond.
So, fair enough. For now, I'll run with marriage being a fundamental right. As I understand the algorithm for equal protection analysis, the next question is, is homosexuality a suspect class, a quasi-suspect class, or neither? According to Wikipedia, which unfortunately cites no cases besides
US v. Carolene Products, we have to ask four questions to answer this:
- Is homosexuality immutable? Answer: In real life, there's a continuum between mutable and immutable, on which homosexuality is closer to immutable. For most homosexuals, for most practical purposes, the characteristic is immutable, although it is somewhat less so than race, sex, national origin, and legitimacy of birth.
- Have homosexuals as a group suffered a long history of discrimination? The answer to that one is easy. Yes, they have.
- Are homosexuals politically powerless? I'd have to answer that one with a "no". Homosexual activists have been able to change public opinion and voting behavior in their favor. It's hard to argue that they didn't in practice have access to the conventional political process.
- Are homosexuals a distinct, insulated group? That's an easy one again. Yes, they are.
When I look at these four points, it seems that sexual orientation is a similar classification as sex: it is not a suspect class, but it's a quasi-suspect class. So any discrimination based on the classification needs to withstand intermediate scrutiny: The law has to be substantially related to an important government interest.
Do you agree so far? And, if it's not too much trouble, can you give me a list of the most important post-
Carolene Products cases where the Supreme courts lays down its procedure for testing what constitutes a suspect class, and what constitutes a quasi-suspect class? I tried to find them on Wikipedia and FindLaw, but couldn't find anything but
US v. Carolene Products. That can't be all there is, can it?
(I anticipate, perhaps incorrectly, that you're inclined to take the short cut some state Supreme Courts have taken: that it doesn't matter what kind of classification sexual orientation is, because prohibiting same sex marriages doesn't even withstand the rational basis test. If you don't mind, I'd like you not to use this short cut, and later deal separately with the level of scrutiny that gay marriage bans withstand or not. I'd like to think this through as thoroughly as practicable.)