Sometimes I've felt like I missed out on that entire hs experience. It sure doesn't seem like a typical experience I had, especially looking back now.
The school was tiny, everyone knew everyone else and their relatives. Most everyone 'fit in'. The only ones who got much problems were foreigners and kids from outside the community. Yet even they became 'popular' within a short period of time.
There was sub-groups but it didn't mean much. Basically 2: religious and non-religious (a.k.a. people who drank).
Yes, there were a few jocks/pretty girls, but they weren't given too much notice or admiration. What mattered was that they drank and knew people.
As naive as this may sound, and possibly not completely true, the most popular kids seemed to be the ones who judged the least and embraced the widest range of people. The more involved and friendly you were, the more people you knew, hence the more popular. If you had a big family, you've got popularity even.
This is certainly not the common experience of the younger people I know from elsewhere - except other small towns. I don't completely understand how a kid can go through school with 'no friends' but it happens, and it's a shame. My younger friends from the city seem to have this experience - of slipping in the cracks of the different groups, and finding their friends completely out of the school setting.