"What is the Hajj?
Every able-bodied Muslim is expected to go on the Hajj once
Performing the Hajj at least once in a lifetime is one of the five "pillars", or duties, of Islam for those who can afford it.
Many Muslims save for years in order to perform the pilgrimage. They often have to travel thousands of miles.
Then, once they arrive, they must brave the fierce heat of the desert as they perform the Hajj rituals.
The sheer number of pilgrims - almost two million this year - poses big challenges to the Saudi authorities.
For the Saudi hosts, the event has a special importance.
They are acutely conscious of their responsibility as custodians of the Muslim holy places.
HAJJ DISASTERS
1987: 400 die in Iranian-Saudi confrontation
1990: 1,426 pilgrims killed in tunnel leading to holy sites
1994: 270 killed in stampede
1997: 343 pilgrims die and 1,500 injured in fire
1998: At least 118 trampled to death
2001: 35 die in stampede during stoning
The authorities face formidable problems.
In recent years hundreds have died as a result of demonstrations, fires, stampedes - or just sunstroke and exhaustion.
The Saudi authorities have introduced a quota system to keep down the numbers.
The Valley of Mina has been transformed into a vast encampment of fireproof tents to accommodate the pilgrims........."
http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/middle_east/3448039.stm
The "stoning of the devil" ritual takes place at the site where the devil supposedly appeared to Abraham......and the action of stoning is supposed to cast out one's own sins. Kinder than the old scapegoat ritual, eh?
This year, if the broadcast I just listened to is current, one poor bastard fell and others went down in the crowd.
If you look at photos, you can see how many people there are, and how easily it could happen.
"Guide to going to Mecca
Pilgrim with his belongings
It's best to travel light, so only take essentials.
Many pilgrims fly to Jeddah, and then travel to Mecca by bus.
Once you get to Mecca, there are two rituals which you can perform; the lesser pilgrimage or Umra, and the main pilgrimage or Hajj.
The Umra is an extra, optional pilgrimage and does not count as the once-in-a-lifetime Hajj. Although it includes some of the rituals of the Hajj, they are shortened and there are fewer of them. Most pilgrims who come for the Hajj arrive a few days before it actually starts and perform Umra first. Combining the Hajj with the Umrah is called a Hajji-Tamattu.
Being Pure
To carry out the pilgrimage rituals you need to be in a state of Ihram, which is a special state of ritual purity.
You do this by making a statement of intention, wearing special white clothes (which are also called Ihram), and obeying the regulations below.
The person on the Hajj may not:
Engage in marital relations
Shave or cut their nails
Use cologne or scented oils
Kill or hunt anything
Fight or argue
Women must not cover their faces, even if they would do so in their home country
Men may not wear clothes with stitching
Bathing is allowed but scented soaps are frowned upon
The Journey of the Hajj
The Hajj is a real pilgrimage - a journey, with rites and rituals to be done along the way. You begin at a place just outside Mecca called the Miqat, or entry station to the Hajj.
There you bathe, put on the Ihram (the special white clothes), make the intention for Umra and begin reciting the Talbiya Du'a (prayer).
The Talbiya Du'a
Here I am at Your service, O Allah, here I am at your service! You have no partner. Here I am at your service. All praise and blessings belong to you. All dominion is yours and You have no partner.
Then you go to the Masjid al Haram and walk around the Ka'ba seven times repeating du’as and prayers. This is called the Tawaf. Afterwards you should sip some Zam Zam water.
Zam Zam water is water from the Zam Zam well, the sacred well which opened in the desert to save Hajira and Is'mail from dying of thirst. (You can learn more about this at the history of the Hajj.)
Next you go to the walkway between the hills of Safa and Marwa and walk back and forth between them seven times.
This completes the Umra portion of the Hajj rituals and some of the Ihram restrictions are relaxed.
Now make your intention for the Hajj and put on the Ihram garments again.
Travel to Mina on the 8th of Dhul Hijjah (a date in the Islamic calendar) and remain there until Fajr (dawn) next morning.
Then you travel to the valley of Arafat and stand in the open praising Allah. The heat of Arabia at midday provides a hint as to what the Day of Judgement will be like.
At the end of the day, travel to Muzdalifa for the night. Gather together 49 or 70 small stones together to use the next day.
One of the pillars of Jamraat
In the morning you return to Mina and throw the stones at pillars called Jamraat. These represent the devil. Then a sacrifice should be made called a Qurbani. Men's heads are shaved and women cut a lock of their hair.
Then return to Mecca and make a Tawaf (this is the ritual of walking around the Ka'aba seven times). Then it's back to Mina for 3 or 4 days, stoning the pillars each day.
Finally do a farewell Tawaf in Masjid-al Haram on the twelfth day of the month of Dhul Hijjah, ask Allah's forgiveness, make du'a and the Hajj is finished.
Many people then go to the Prophet's Mosque in Medina, but this is optional.
A man who has completed the Hajj is called a Hajji, a woman who has completed it is called a Hajjah.
At the end of the Hajj, Muslims from all over the world celebrate the holiday known as the Eid ul Adha or Festival of the sacrifice.
This festival commemorates the obedience of the Prophet Ibrahim when he was ordered to sacrifice his son Is’mail.
Ibrahim proved his love and devotion to Allah by showing his willingness to kill his beloved son if Allah wished it. In the end Ibrahim did not have to kill his son as Allah gave him a ram to sacrifice instead."
http://www.bbc.co.uk/religion/religions/islam/customs/hajj/guide.shtml
Hajj accounts:
http://www.bbc.co.uk/religion/religions/islam/customs/hajj/index.shtml
The ka'aba or kaaba...the centre of the Mecca pilgrimage:
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ka%27aba
The Black Stone:
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Black_Stone
Interesting to see how many disagreements religions have within themselves!
Summary of the Kaaba:
Kaaba
or Caaba (both: kä´b or kä´b) (KEY) [Arab.,=cube], the central, cubic, stone structure, covered by a black cloth, within the Great Mosque in Mecca, Saudi Arabia. The sacred nature of the site predates Islam: tradition says that the Kaaba was built by Adam and rebuilt by Abraham and the descendants of Noah. Also known as the House of God, it is the center of the circumambulations performed during the hajj, and it is toward the Kaaba that Muslims face in their prayers (see liturgy, Islamic). Pre-Islamic Meccans used it as a central shrine housing their many idols, most notable of which were al-Lat, al-Uzza, and Manat, collectively known as al-Gharaniq or the Daughters of God, and Hubal, a martial deity. The Black Stone, possibly of meteoric origin, is located at one of its outside corners. Also dating from pre-Islamic times as a heavenly relic, this stone is venerated and ritually kissed. Worn hollow by the centuries of veneration, the stone is held together by a wide silver band. The actual structure of the Kaaba has been demolished and rebuilt several times in the course of its history. Around the Kaaba is a restricted area, haram, extending in some directions as far as 12 mi, into which only Muslims may enter.
http://www.bartleby.com/65/ka/Kaaba.html
Big version of the Kaaba info!
http://mb-soft.com/believe/txh/kaaba.htm
Anyhoo, JW, Muslims face the dangers of Mecca cos their religion tells them they oughta....and it is a big oughta.