@livinglava,
You are jut flt incorrect.A " plume" doesnt imply convection.As I said early in this thrad. A plume is the rising of magma and it causes undersea eruption. What the Op stated he calls a bulge is merely the HAwaiian volcanoes that rise above sea level as they pass over the hot spot. The (now called) lavas are "BASIC" in chemistry, they are hotter and more liqui than volcanoes along subdution zones where cascadia style volcanoes and Strombolis form. Acidic lavas are stony and laden with ashfll and nues ardentes(where In Hawaii they calll them Pelean Clouds). The Hawaiian "shield " type volcanoes just bubble up to the surface and create new land and mountains from great liquid lava fields that caused the Islands to form and then mosy at about 4cm/yr to the NW in a long chain where they erode back into the sea.
His term 'Bulge"IS primarily and merely a language difference so please take off your clerical collar and lecturing me bout stuff I know more about and which we talk with colleagues about. The geological term "bulge" has several exact meanings and none of which, except one has to do with his thread lead-in .
1. Remember Mt St Helens??? There ws a BULGE which was a rising surficially expressed pressure dome where the volcano (An andesitic type) FIRSTBLEW UP.
2. A nother BULGE is a landmass that protrudes farther into the sea than the general outline of the landmass. (Brazil 's landmass to the East Atlantic ocean is termed a "bulge"
3. A "tidal Bulge"is a theoretical increase in ocean water level directly in line or opposite the sun or the moon
4.The SOUTH AFRICAN specific term "bulge" is an asymmetrical uplift of the seaward side of a rifted continental mass. This was originally coined and applied in South African Geology.
When a student uses certain scientific jargon and uses it incorrectly, when they are corrected, most students would say 'ok thanks" "Ill never make that mistake again. You seem to fly off the handle and dont give people the time to explain because youre too busy sniping. Why not just say "thank you, now I know what a bulge is"
Most sciences have language terms and jargon that is unique to the science. Look at technology , how its glommed other words from English and precisley adopted it for its own. The latest one Ive heard is the scads of information pulled all into one screen of a laptop or a phone. They call it a DASHBOARD. Took me three weeks to figure out what it meant. (I shoulda asked Leadfoot ).
So stop hollering at people who are merely trying to expand your understanding of a mere word. You have a habit of accusing half the people here of insulting you when perhaps you should be looking at yourself in a mirror.
I havnt told the OP cause apparently you and I scared him off.
As I started to say, sciences have their own words that are precisely assigned , or they derive from historical use.
We use "Bulge" as a verb or predicate object many times for many arenas. Its use as a proper noun is pretty much those 4 Ive given you.
There are a few others but they involve areas Not associated with tectonics or land masses.