@HabibUrrehman,
FACT#8 EMBRYLOGY-FORMATION OF HUMAN FETUS
Ever since Aristotle observed the prevailing theories of his time concerning the formation of the fetus, there had been a continuous argument between the supporters of the theory (who contended that there is a completely-formed minuscule human in the spermatozoon) and supporters of the theory that a complete human minuscule is formed from the coagulation of a woman's menstrual blood. Most of the people of that time believed that a tiny, but complete human was present in a compact form in a spermatozoon. The scholars of that time pictured the fetus as a tiny, fully formed human that dwelled in a spermatozoon and gradually grew in the womb like a small tree.
None of these two groups ever noticed that the fetus is formed by a combination of the male spermatozoon and female ovum. This was the opinion of the Italian scholar, Spallanzani in 1775. In 1783, Van Beneden was able to establish this idea. This was how humanity was able to do away with the erroneous idea of the “miniscule human".
Between 1888 and 1901, Boveri discovered that chromosomes vary and carry different genes. In 1912, Morgan was able to define the roles that genes play and their existence in special places in chromosomes.
That was how it became clear that mankind discovered that a fetus consists of a male spermatozoon and female ovum only in the 18th century and that the discovery was only confirmed at the beginning of the 20th century.
Whereas we find that the Quran and the Prophet's Sunnah have clearly established that in a perfectly detailed scientific manner that man is created from a mixture of drops. The Quran calls it,
“drops of mixed semen" (nutfah amshaj).
Quote:Verily, We have created man from (drops) of mixed semen (sexual discharge of man and woman), in order to try him: so We made him hearer and seer:' (Quran 76:2)
Equally, the following noble Hadith confirmed this. Imam Ahmad recorded in his Musnad on the authority of 'Abdullah Ibn Masood -may Allah be pleased with him - who narrated that:
Quote:A Jew passed by the Messenger of Allah, peace and blessings of Allah be upon him, while he was addressing his Companions and the men of the Quraish told him, O Jew, this man (meaning the Prophet, peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) claims that he is a Prophet." The Jew then said, “I am going to ask him a question only a (genuine) Prophet can answer." He then went to Allah's Messenger, peace and blessings of Allah be upon him, and asked, "O Muhammad, what is man created from?" The Prophet, peace and blessings of Allah be upon him, answered, "O Jew, every human being is created from a combination of the sexual discharge of a man and a woman. As for the man's discharge, it is a thick drop and that is what forms the bone and nerves; as for the woman's drop, it is soft and delicate and that is what forms the flesh and blood." The Jew then said, "Those (Prophets) who came before you also said the same."
FACT#9-HUMAN EMBRYONIC DEVELOPMENT
The miracle of embryonic development is mentioned in the Quran in such minute detail, much of which was unknown to scientists until only recently. It mentions the first stages of life after conception, the second stage of life after conception, and witnesses of scientists about these scientific facts of the Quran.
In the Holy Quran, God speaks about the stages of man’s embryonic development:
Quote:We created man from an extract of clay. Then We made him as a drop in a place of settlement, firmly fixed. Then We made the drop into an alaqah (leech, suspended thing, and blood clot), then We made the alaqah into a mudghah (chewed substance)…” (Quran 23:12-14)
Literally, the Arabic word alaqah has three meanings:
1. Leech
2. suspended thing
3. blood clot.
In comparing a leech to an embryo in the alaqah stage, we find similarity between the two. Also, the embryo at this stage obtains nourishment from the blood of the mother, similar to the leech, which feeds on the blood of others.
The second meaning of the word alaqah is “suspended thing.” This is what we can see in figures 2 and 3, the suspension of the embryo, during the alaqah stage, in the womb of the mother.
The third meaning of the word alaqah is “blood clot.” We find that the external appearance of the embryo and its sacs during the alaqah stage is similar to that of a blood clot. This is due to the presence of relatively large amounts of blood present in the embryo during this stage (see figure 4).
Also during this stage, the blood in the embryo does not circulate until the end of the third week. Thus, the embryo at this stage is like a clot of blood.
So the three meanings of the word alaqah correspond accurately to the descriptions of the embryo at the alaqah stage.
The next stage mentioned in the verse is the mudghah stage. The Arabic word mudghah means “chewed substance.” If one were to take a piece of gum and chew it in his or her mouth and then compare it with an embryo at the mudghah stage, we would conclude that the embryo at the mudghah stage acquires the appearance of a chewed substance. This is because of the somites at the back of the embryo that “somewhat resemble teethmarks in a chewed substance.” (See figures 5 and 6).
How could Prophet Muhammad, may the mercy and blessings of God be upon him, have possibly known all this 1400 years ago, when scientists have only recently discovered this using advanced equipment and powerful microscopes which did not exist at that time? Hamm and Leeuwenhoek were the first scientists to observe human sperm cells (spermatozoa) using an improved microscope in 1677 (more than 1000 years after Muhammad). They mistakenly thought that the sperm cell contained a miniature preformed human being that grew when it was deposited in the female genital tract.
Professor Emeritus Keith L. Moore is one of the world’s most prominent scientists in the fields of anatomy and embryology and is the author of the book entitled
The Developing Human, which has been translated into eight languages. This book is a scientific reference work and was chosen by a special committee in the United States as the best book authored by one person. Dr. Keith Moore is Professor of Anatomy and Cell Biology at the University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada. There, he was Associate Dean of Basic Sciences at the Faculty of Medicine and for 8 years was the Chairman of the Department of Anatomy. In 1984, he received the most distinguished award presented in the field of anatomy in Canada, the J.C.B. Grant Award from the Canadian Association of Anatomists. He has directed many international associations, such as the Canadian and American Association of Anatomists and the Council of the Union of Biological Sciences.
In 1981, during the Seventh Medical Conference in Dammam, Saudi Arabia, Professor Moore said:
Quote:“It has been a great pleasure for me to help clarify statements in the Quran about human development. It is clear to me that these statements must have come to Muhammad from God, because almost all of this knowledge was not discovered until many centuries later. This proves to me that Muhammad must have been a messenger of God.”
During one conference, Professor Moore stated:
Quote:“....Because the staging of human embryos is complex, owing to the continuous process of change during development, it is proposed that a new system of classification could be developed using the terms mentioned in the Quran and Sunnah (what Muhammad, may the mercy and blessings of God be upon him, said, did, or approved of). The proposed system is simple, comprehensive, and conforms to present embryological knowledge. The intensive studies of the Quran and hadeeth (reliably transmitted reports by the Prophet Muhammad’s companions of what he said, did, or approved of) in the last four years have revealed a system for classifying human embryos that is amazing since it was recorded in the seventh century A.D. Although Aristotle, the founder of the science of embryology, realized that chick embryos developed in stages from his studies of hen’s eggs in the fourth century B.C., he did not give any details about these stages. As far as it is known from the history of embryology, little was known about the staging and classification of human embryos until the twentieth century. For this reason, the descriptions of the human embryo in the Quran cannot be based on scientific knowledge in the seventh century. The only reasonable conclusion is: these descriptions were revealed to Muhammad from God. He could not have known such details because he was an illiterate man with absolutely no scientific training.”
Consequently, Professor Moore was asked the following question:
Quote:“Does this mean that you believe that the Quran is the word of God?”
He replied:
Quote:“I find no difficulty in accepting this.”
Link below for the video of his commentary on stages of human embryonic development in Quran:
https://youtu.be/CFq6E0l2J4U